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5736175f012e2f140011a19f_aug
Hunting
Regulation of hunting within the United States dates back to the 19th century. Some modern hunters see themselves as conservationists and sportsmen in the way of Roosevelt and Crockett. Local hunting clubs and national organizations provide education and support for the future of hunting by purchasing land for future use. Some hunting groups, such as Ducks Unlimited and Pheasants Forever, focus on a particular hunting interest. Many hunting groups also participate in lobbying the federal government and state governments to change gun laws.
What do hunting groups also participate in?
{ "text": [ "lobbying the federal government and state government" ], "answer_start": [ 472 ] }
5736175f012e2f140011a1a0_aug
Hunting
Regulation of hunting within the United States dates from the 19th century. Some modern hunters see themselves as conservationists and sportsmen. Local hunting clubs and national organizations provide education to hunters and help protect the future of the sport by purchasing land for future hunting use. Some groups represent a specific hunting interest, such as Ducks Unlimited or Pheasants Forever. Many hunting groups also participate in lobbying the federal government, as well as the state government.
What century is U.S. regulations dates from?
{ "text": [ "19th" ], "answer_start": [ 62 ] }
573452bb879d6814001ca51b_aug
Hunting
Each year, nearly $200 million in hunters' federal excise taxes is distributed to state governments in order to support hunting, hunting education, and safety programs. Since 1934, the sale of Federal Duck Stamps has raised over $700 million to help purchase more than 5,200,000 acres (8,100 sq mi; 21,000 km2) of habitat for the National Wildlife Refuge System lands that support waterfowl and many other wildlife species and are often open to hunting. States collect money from hunting licenses to assist with management of game animals, as designated by law. Enforcement of hunting laws and regulations, including species protection, hunting seasons, and hunting bans, requires the enforcement of laws and regulations related to hunting.
How much money is distributed to state agencies to support wildlife management programs each year?
{ "text": [ "$200 million" ], "answer_start": [ 18 ] }
573452bb879d6814001ca51c_aug
Hunting
Each year, nearly $200 million of hunters' federal excise taxes go to state governments to support hunting programs, the purchase of hunting lands open to hunters, and hunting education and safety classes. The sale of Federal Duck Stamps, a compulsory purchase for waterfowl hunters over sixteen years old, has raised over $700 million to help purchase more than 5,200,000 acres (8,100 sq mi; 21,000 km2) of habitat for the National Wildlife Refuge system lands that support waterfowl and many other wildlife species and are often open to hunting. States also collect money from hunting licenses to assist with the management of game animals, as designated by law. Enforcement of laws and regulations related to hunting, including species protection, hunting seasons, and hunting bans.
How much money has the sale of Federal Duck Stamps raised since 1934?
{ "text": [ "over $700 million" ], "answer_start": [ 318 ] }
573452bb879d6814001ca51d_aug
Hunting
Each year, nearly $200 million in hunters' federal excise taxes go to state governments to support wildlife management programs, land acquisition and education and safety programs. The sale of Federal Duck Stamps, a required purchase for migratory waterfowl hunters over sixteen years old, has raised over $700 million to help purchase more than 5,200,000 acres (8,100 sq mi; 21,000 km2) of habitat for the National Wildlife Refuge System lands that support waterfowl and many other wildlife species and are often open to hunting. States may collect money from hunting licenses to assist in the management of game animals, as designated by law. Game rangers and game wardens play a critical role in enforcement of hunting laws and regulations.
How many acres can the money raised from the sale of federal duck stamps help purchase?
{ "text": [ "5,200,000 acres" ], "answer_start": [ 346 ] }
573452bb879d6814001ca51e_aug
Hunting
The total amount of money a hunter pays in Federal excise taxes is about $200 million per year. SEP> This money is distributed to state governments for the purpose of supporting hunting programs, land acquisition for hunting, and hunting education and safety classes. The sale of Federal Duck Stamps has raised more than $700 million to help purchase more than 5,200,000 acres (8,100 sq mi; 21,000 km2) of habitat for the National Wildlife Refuge System lands that support waterfowl and many other wildlife species and are often open to hunting. States collect money from hunting licenses to assist with the management of game animals, as designated by law. Enforcement of laws and regulations related to hunting is a key task of federal and state park rangers and game wardens.
What do states use some of the money from hunting licenses to assist with?
{ "text": [ "management of game animals" ], "answer_start": [ 608 ] }
57361c88012e2f140011a1a7_aug
Hunting
Each year, nearly $200 million in hunters' federal excise taxes are distributed to state agencies to support wildlife management programs, the purchase of lands open to hunters, and hunting education and safety classes. The sale of Federal Duck Stamps, a required purchase for migratory waterfowl hunters over sixteen years old, has raised over $700 million to help purchase more than 5,200,000 acres (8,100 sq mi; 21,000 km2) of habitat for the National Wildlife Refuge System, lands that support waterfowl and many other wildlife species and are often open to hunting. States collect money from hunting licenses to assist with management of game animals, as designated by law. Enforcement of laws and regulations related to hunting, including species protection, hunting seasons, and hunting bans is a key task of federal and state park rangers and game wardens.
Who are federal excise taxes are distributed to?
{ "text": [ "state agencies" ], "answer_start": [ 83 ] }
57361c88012e2f140011a1a8_aug
Hunting
Each year, more than $200 million in hunters' federal excise taxes are disbursed to state governments to support wildlife management programs, the purchase of lands open to hunting, and hunter education and safety classes. As of 2013, the sale of Federal Duck Stamps has raised over $700 million for the purchase of more than 5,200,000 acres (8,100 sq mi; 21,000 km2) of habitat for the National Wildlife Refuge System lands that support waterfowl and many other wildlife species and are often open to hunting. States collect money from hunting licenses to assist in management of game animals, as designated by law. Enforcement of hunting laws and regulations is important for the parks rangers and game wardens.
What do the taxes support?
{ "text": [ "wildlife management programs" ], "answer_start": [ 113 ] }
57361c88012e2f140011a1a9_aug
Hunting
The amount spent each year on hunting excise taxes is about $200,000 per year. SEP> This money is used for different programs related to wildlife management programs, the purchase of lands open to hunting, and education and safety classes. After 1934, the sale of Federal Duck Stamps to hunters over sixteen years of age has raised over $700 million to help purchase more than 5,200,000 acres (8,100 sq mi; 21,000 km2) of habitat for the National Wildlife Refuge System lands that support waterfowl and many other wildlife species and are often open to hunting. States collect money from hunting licenses to assist with the management of game animals, as designated by law. Enforcement of laws and regulations related to hunting includes the enforcement of laws and regulations related to hunting, such as species protection, hunting seasons, hunting bans, and hunting regulations.
How much has Federal Duck Stamps raised?
{ "text": [ "$700 million" ], "answer_start": [ 337 ] }
57361c88012e2f140011a1aa_aug
Hunting
Each year, nearly $200 million in hunters' Federal excise taxes are given to state governments to support hunting management programs, land purchases open to hunters, and training and safety classes. Since 1934, the sale of Federal Duck Stamps, a required purchase for migratory waterfowl hunters over sixteen years old, has raised over $700 million to help purchase more than 5,200,000 acres (8,100 sq mi; 21,000 km2) of habitat for the National Wildlife Refuge System. States collect money from hunting licenses to assist with management of game animals, as designated by law. State park rangers and game wardens enforce laws and regulations related to hunting.
What does land has Federal Duck Stamp money helped purchase?
{ "text": [ "5,200,000 acres" ], "answer_start": [ 377 ] }
57361c88012e2f140011a1ab_aug
Hunting
The total amount of money hunters pay into the federal government each year is more than $200 million. The money is distributed to state governments to support hunting programs, the purchase of lands open to hunters, and hunters' education and safety classes. Federal Duck Stamps are required purchases for waterfowl hunters over sixteen years old, and have raised over $700 million to help purchase more than 5,200,000 acres (8,100 sq mi; 21,000 km2) of habitat for the National Wildlife Refuge System lands that support waterfowl and many other wildlife species and are often open to hunting. States collect money from hunting licenses to assist with management of game animals, as designated by law. Park rangers and game wardens work to enforce laws and regulations related to hunting, including species protection, hunting seasons, and hunting bans.
Park rangers and game wardens enforce laws and regulations related to what?
{ "text": [ "hunting" ], "answer_start": [ 160 ] }
57345360879d6814001ca526_aug
Hunting
Varmint hunting is an American phrase that means killing non-game animals that people think are pests. While varmint hunting is not always an efficient form of pest control, it does accomplish selective control of pests while providing recreation and is much less regulated. varmints are often responsible for disturbance of habitats, landscaping, infrastructure, and pets. Some animals, such as wild rabbits or squirrels, may be used for fur or meat. The flesh of these animals is not usually used. This depends on the circumstance and area. Common varmints include crows, foxes, feral cats, and feral hogs. Some animals once considered varmints are now protected, such as wolves. They are destructive to the local ecosystem that the state of Louisiana has initiated a bounty program to help control the population.
What does varmint hunting achieve?
{ "text": [ "selective control of pests" ], "answer_start": [ 193 ] }
57345360879d6814001ca527_aug
Hunting
It is an American phrase meaning killing non-game animals thought to be pests. While varmint hunting is not always an efficient form of pest control, it is much less regulated. varmint species are often responsible for detrimental effects on crops, livestock, landscaping, infrastructure, and pets. Most animal carcasses are used for meat and fur, but the leftovers are usually not used any more. Which species are varmints depends on the circumstance and area. Common varmints include rodents, and some species of crow. Some animals once considered varmints are now protected, such as wolves. In the US state of Louisiana, a non-native rodent known as a nutria has become so destructive to the local ecosystem that the state has initiated a bounty program to help control the population.
What detrimental effects are varmint species often responsible for visiting on?
{ "text": [ "crops, livestock, landscaping, infrastructure, and pets." ], "answer_start": [ 242 ] }
57345360879d6814001ca528_aug
Hunting
Varmint hunting is an American phrase that refers to killing non-game animals that are considered to be pests. While not always an efficient form of pest control, varmint hunting does achieve selective control of pests while providing recreation and is much less regulated. varmints are often responsible for detrimental effects on crops, livestock, landscaping, infrastructure, and pets. Most species of animal can be used for fur or meat, but the carcass is rarely used for this purpose. varmints depends on the circumstance and area. Common varmints include crows, foxes, feral cats, and feral hogs. Some animals once considered varmints are now protected, such as wolves. In the US state of Louisiana, a rodent known as a nutria has become so destructive to the local ecosystem that the state has initiated a bounty program to help control the population.
Where has a non-native rodent known as a nutria become very destructive?
{ "text": [ "Louisiana" ], "answer_start": [ 695 ] }
57345360879d6814001ca529_aug
Hunting
Varmint hunting is an American phrase that means the killing of animals that are considered to be pests, such as birds and reptiles. While not always an efficient form of pest control, varmint hunting does provide a form of recreation and is much less regulated. species are often responsible for detrimental effects on crops, livestock, landscaping, infrastructure, and pets. Some animals may be used for fur or meat, but the human body is often not used for any purpose. varmints are generally classified according to the circumstance and area. Common varmints can be found in zoophile specimens as well as in extinct species. Some animals once considered varmints are now listed as protected, such as wolves. In the US state of Louisiana, a rodent known as a nutria has become so destructive to the local ecosystem that it has initiated a bounty program to help control the population.
What has the state of Louisiana done to combat the nutria?
{ "text": [ "initiated a bounty program" ], "answer_start": [ 830 ] }
57361c8b6c16ec1900b92965_aug
Hunting
Varmint hunting is the practice of killing animals seen as threats or undesirable by humans. Although varmint hunting is not always efficient form of pest control, it provides recreational activities and is much less regulated. Varmints are often responsible for detrimental effects on crops, livestock, landscaping, infrastructure, and pets. The carcass of some animals may be used for fur or meat, but the majority of the time the animal does not receive any use at all. The type of varmint it is, and its habitat, will have a major effect on its behavior and the number of other species. Common varmints include crows, foxes, feral cats, and feral hogs. Some animals once considered varmints are now protected, such as wolves. These types of rodent are so destructive to the local ecosystem that the state of Louisiana has begun a bounty program to help control them.
What is phrased for selective killing of non-game animals.
{ "text": [ "Varmint hunting" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
57361c8b6c16ec1900b92966_aug
Hunting
Varmint hunting is an American phrase which refers to the killing of animals that are not game, but people see them as pests. Varmint hunting is not always the most efficient form of pest control, but it does achieve selective control of pests while providing recreational activity. varmints are often responsible for detrimental effects on crops, livestock, landscaping, infrastructure, and pets. The carcass of some animals may be used for fur or meat, but it is rarely used. The following species of varmints are considered to be varmints: Common varmints include various rodents, coyotes, crows, foxes, feral cats, and feral hogs. Some animals once considered varmints are now protected, such as wolves. In the state of Louisiana, a rodent known as a nutria has become so destructive to the local ecosystem that it has initiated a bounty program to help control the population.
What was once considered a varmint but is now protected?
{ "text": [ "wolves" ], "answer_start": [ 700 ] }
57361c8b6c16ec1900b92967_aug
Hunting
Varmint hunting is the practice of killing non-game animals, usually as pets, because they are considered to be pests. While not always an efficient form of pest control, varmint hunting does allow selective control of pests while providing recreation and is much less regulated. Varmints are often responsible for detrimental effects on crops, livestock, landscaping, infrastructure, and pets. Some animals may be used for fur or meat, but often the remains are not used for any purpose. varmints depends on the circumstance and area. Common varmints include different rodents, coyotes, crows, foxes, feral cats, and hogs. Some animals once considered varmints are now protected, such as wolves. In the US state of Louisiana, a rodent known as a nutria has become so destructive to the local ecosystem that the state has initiated a bounty program to help control the population.
What is the non-native varmint of Louisiana?
{ "text": [ "nutria" ], "answer_start": [ 747 ] }
57361c8b6c16ec1900b92968_aug
Hunting
Varmint hunting is the deliberate killing of animals that are considered to be undesirable. While not always an effective form of pest control, varmint hunting is a sport that can achieve selective control of pests while providing recreation. varmint species are often responsible for detrimental effects on crops, livestock, landscaping, infrastructure, and plants. However, the carcass of some animals, such as wild rabbits and squirrels, is rarely used for any purpose. varmints are grouped together by circumstance and area. Common varmints include house mice, crows, foxes, feral cats, and hogs. Some animals once considered varmints are now protected, such as wolves. The rodent is destructive to the local ecosystem that the state of Louisiana has initiated a bounty program to help control the population.
What did Louisiana initiate to control the varmint population?
{ "text": [ "bounty program" ], "answer_start": [ 767 ] }
573453f4879d6814001ca52f_aug
Hunting
However, many hunters were against the introduction of Internet hunting in 2005, allowing people to hunt over the Internet using remote controlled guns, violating the principles of fair chase. "The NRA has always maintained that fair chase, being in the field with your firearm or bow, is an important element of hunting tradition." It doesn't have anything to do with hunting, sitting at your desk in front of your computer and clicking your mouse."
When was internet hunting introduced?
{ "text": [ "2005" ], "answer_start": [ 75 ] }
573453f4879d6814001ca530_aug
Hunting
The practice of Internet hunting was introduced in 2005 and allowed people to hunt over the Internet using remotely controlled guns. "The NRA has always maintained that fair chase, being in the field with your firearm or bow, is an important element of hunting tradition. It doesn't have anything to do with hunting, sitting at a desk in front of a computer, clicking on a mouse."
How did Internet hunting allow people to hunt?
{ "text": [ "using remotely controlled guns" ], "answer_start": [ 101 ] }
573453f4879d6814001ca531_aug
Hunting
When Internet hunting was introduced in 2005, allowing people to hunt over the Internet using remote controlled guns, this practice was widely criticised by hunters as violating the principles of fair chase. "The NRA has always maintained that fair chase, being in the field with your firearm or bow, is an important element of hunting tradition. It does not have anything to do with hunting," he added.
Who criticized the practice of Internet hunting?
{ "text": [ "hunters" ], "answer_start": [ 157 ] }
573453f4879d6814001ca532_aug
Hunting
The practice was widely criticised as violating the principles of fair chase. "The NRA has always maintained that fair chase, being in the field with your firearm or bow, is an important element of hunting tradition. It has nothing to do with hunting, sitting at your desk in front of your computer, clicking on a mouse."
What did hunters feel hunting over the Internet violated?
{ "text": [ "principles of fair chase" ], "answer_start": [ 52 ] }
573453f4879d6814001ca533_aug
Hunting
The practice was widely criticised by hunters as violating the principles of fair chase. "The NRA has always maintained that fair chase, being in the field with your firearm or bow, is an important element of hunting tradition." It does not have to do with hunting, and sitting at your desk in front of your computer and clicking on a mouse is not related to hunting."
What has the NRA always maintained that being in the field with your firearm is?
{ "text": [ "an important element of hunting tradition" ], "answer_start": [ 185 ] }
57361c8f012e2f140011a1b1_aug
Hunting
When Internet hunting was introduced in 2005, allowing people to hunt over the Internet using remotely controlled guns, the practice was widely criticised by hunters as violating the principles of fair chase. The NRA has always maintained that fair chase, being in the field with your firearm or bow, is an important element of hunting tradition. It doesn't have anything to do with hunting, sitting at your desk in front of your computer clicking your mouse."
What allows people to hunt over the internet?
{ "text": [ "Internet hunting" ], "answer_start": [ 5 ] }
57361c8f012e2f140011a1b2_aug
Hunting
When Internet hunting was introduced in 2005, allowing people to hunt over the Internet using remotely controlled guns, a practice that some hunters thought was breaking the principles of fair chase. "The NRA has always maintained that fair chase, being in the field with your firearm or bow, is an important element of hunting tradition," said Scott Williams, executive director of the NRA. It doesn't have anything to do with hunting," he added.
When was this type of hunting introduced?
{ "text": [ "2005" ], "answer_start": [ 40 ] }
57361c8f012e2f140011a1b3_aug
Hunting
When internet hunting was introduced in 2005, allowing people to hunt over the Internet using remotely controlled guns, the practice was widely criticised by hunters as violating the principles of fair chase. "The NRA has always maintained that fair chase, being in the field with your firearm or bow, is an important element of hunting tradition. It doesn't have anything to do with hunting, "Sitting at your desk in front of your computer clicking at the mouse.
How is this type of hunting done?
{ "text": [ "hunt over the Internet using remotely controlled guns" ], "answer_start": [ 65 ] }
57361c8f012e2f140011a1b4_aug
Hunting
When Internet hunting was introduced in 2005, allowing people to hunt over the Internet using remotely controlled guns, the practice was widely criticised as violating the principles of fair chase. "The NRA has always maintained that fair chase, being in the field with your firearm or bow, is an important element of hunting tradition," said a spokesperson. It doesn't have to do with hunting, sitting at your desk and clicking your mouse."
What was the principle was this type of hunting said to violate?
{ "text": [ "fair chase" ], "answer_start": [ 186 ] }
57345f9c879d6814001ca57c_aug
Hunting
There is an active tradition of hunting small to medium-sized wild game in Trinidad and Tobago. Hunting is carried out with firearms and aided by the use of hounds, and the illegal use of trap guns, cages and snare nets. There is some concern that the practice might not be sustainable in this small country, but there are approximately 12,000 sport hunters applying for hunting licences in recent years. In addition there are at present no bag limits and the open season is comparatively very long (5 months - October to February inclusive). As a result hunting pressure from legal hunters is very high. Added to this, there is a thriving and profitable black market for poached wild game, which are sold and enthusiastically purchased as expensive luxury delicacies. Because of this, the populations of the five major mammalian game species are thought to be quite low (although scientifically conducted population studies are only recently being conducted as of 2013). It appears that the red brocket deer population has been decimated on Tobago as a result of over-hunting. The common opossum is also commonly hunted and poached. Poaching of 'fully protected species' is also common. They pay very small fees to obtain hunting licences and do not undergo any formal conservation biology or hunting-ethics training. Most hunting is done either for sport or commercial profit. In addition, the local wildlife management authority is under-staffed and under-funded, and as such very little in the way of enforcement is done to uphold existing wildlife management laws. There is some indication that the government is taking the issue of wildlife management more seriously, with legislation being brought before Parliament in 2015. To date, it remains to be seen whether the drafted legislation will be fully adopted and financially supported by the current and future governments, and if the general population will move to a greater awareness of the importance of wildlife conservation and change the culture of wanton consumption to one of sustainable management.
Approximately how many sport hunters applied for hunting licences in recent years?
{ "text": [ "12,000" ], "answer_start": [ 337 ] }
57345f9c879d6814001ca57b_aug
Hunting
There is a very active tradition of hunting small to medium-sized wild game in Trinidad and Tobago. This practice is carried out with firearms and hounds, as well as illegal use of trap guns, trap cages and snare nets. There is some concern that the practice might not be sustainable in this very small country, which is about the size of the state of Delaware at about 5128 square kilometers and 1.3 million inhabitants. Also there are no bag limits and the open season is relatively very long (5 months - October to February inclusive). This pressure from legal hunters is very high. Additional to that, there is a thriving and very lucrative black market for poached wild game, which can be sold as expensive luxury delicacies. As a result, the populations of the five major mammalian game species are thought to be quite low (although scientifically conducted population studies are only recently being conducted as of 2013). It appears that the red brocket deer population has been decimated on Tobago as a result of over-hunting. In addition to ducks, swans, doves, green iguanas and opossums are also commonly hunted and poached. There is also some poaching of protected species, including red howler monkeys and capuchin monkeys, southern tamanduas, Brazilian porcupines, yellow-footed tortoises, Trinidad piping guans and even one of the national birds, the scarlet ibis. No formal biology or hunting-ethics training is required for legal hunters. There is supposed to be relatively very little subsistence hunting in the country, with most hunting for sport or commercial profit. The local wildlife management authority is under-staffed and under-funded, and as such very little in the way of enforcement is done to uphold existing wildlife management laws. Hunting occurs both in and out of season, and even in wildlife sanctuaries. There is little evidence that the government is taking the issue of wildlife management seriously. It is still to be seen whether the legislation will be passed into law and whether the current and future governments will commit to supporting the proposed legislation, and whether the public will change the culture of wanton consumption to one of sustainable management.
Where is there a very active tradition of hunting of small to medium-sized wild game?
{ "text": [ "Trinidad and Tobago" ], "answer_start": [ 79 ] }
57345f9c879d6814001ca57d_aug
Hunting
There is a very active tradition of hunting small to medium-sized wild game in Trinidad and Tobago. Hunting is carried out with firearms, and aided by the use of hounds, with the illegal use of trap guns, cages and snare nets. There is some concern that the practice might not be sustainable in a very small country. Moreover, there are at present no bag limits and the open season is comparatively long (5 months - October to February inclusive). Hunting pressure from legal hunters is high and legal hunters are very pressure. There is a thriving and profitable black market for poached wild game (sold and enthusiastically purchased as expensive luxury delicacies), and the number of commercial poachers in operation is unknown but presumed to be fairly high. As a result, the populations of the five major mammalian game species are thought to be quite low. It appears that the red brocket deer population has been extincted on Tobago as a result of over-hunting. Various herons, ducks, doves, the green iguana, the gold tegu, the spectacled caiman and the common opossum are also commonly hunted and poached. There is also some poaching of 'fully protected species', including red howler monkeys and capuchin monkeys, southern tamanduas, Brazilian porcupines, yellow-footed tortoises, Trinidad piping guans and even one of the national birds, the scarlet ibis. Legal hunters pay very small fees to obtain hunting licences and do not undergo any official basic conservation biology or hunting-ethics training. There is a high probability that very little subsistence hunting occurs in the country, with most hunting being for sport or commercial profit. The local wildlife management authority is under-staffed and under-funded, and as such very little in the way of enforcement is done to uphold existing wildlife management laws. There is some indication that the government is beginning to take the issue of wildlife management more seriously, with well drafted legislation being brought before Parliament in 2015. Whether the draft legislation will be fully adopted and financially supported by the current and future governments, and whether the general population will change from the culture of wanton consumption to one of sustainable management, remains to be seen.
What is there a very lucrative and thriving black market for?
{ "text": [ "poached wild game" ], "answer_start": [ 581 ] }
57345f9c879d6814001ca57e_aug
Hunting
There is a very active hunting tradition of hunting small to medium-sized wild game in Trinidad and Tobago. Hunting is carried out with firearms, and assisted by the use of hounds. There is some concern that the sport might not be sustainable in this small country, as the size of the state of Delaware at about 5128 square kilometers and 1.3 million inhabitants. Additionally, there are at present no bag limits and the open season is comparatively very long (5 months - October to February inclusive). Therefore hunting pressure from legal hunters is very high. The numbers of commercial poachers in operation are unknown but are presumed to be fairly high. As a result, the populations of the five major mammalian game species are thought to be quite low (although scientifically conducted population studies are only recently being conducted as of 2013). They have been extirpated on Tobago as a result of over-hunting. The common opossum, also known as the green iguana, ducks, doves and the gold tegu are also generally hunted and poached. There is also some poaching of 'fully protected species', including red howler monkeys and capuchin monkeys, southern tamanduas, Brazilian porcupines, yellow-footed tortoises, Trinidad piping guans and even one of the national birds, the scarlet ibis. Legal hunters pay very small fees to obtain hunting licences and do not undergo any formal basic conservation biology or hunting-ethics training. There is a hypothesis that there is relatively very little subsistence hunting in the country, with most hunting conducted either for sport or commercial profit. However, there is very little enforcement done to uphold existing wildlife management laws, with hunting occurring both in and out of season, and even in wildlife sanctuaries. There is some indication that the government is starting to take the issue of wildlife management more seriously and will bring legislation to Parliament in 2015. The future of the proposed legislation and of public perception of the importance of wildlife conservation and the change from wanton consumption to sustainable management remain to be seen.
What is hunting pressure from?
{ "text": [ "high" ], "answer_start": [ 558 ] }
57363183012e2f140011a1fc_aug
Hunting
There is a very active tradition of hunting small to medium-sized wild game in Trinidad and Tobago. Hunting is carried out with firearms, and aided by the use of hounds. There is concern that the practice might not be sustainable in such a small country, about the size of the state of Delaware at about 5128 square kilometers and 1.3 million inhabitants. In addition there are at present no bag limits and the open season is comparatively very long (5 months - October to February inclusive). Therefore, hunting pressure from legal hunters is very high. There is a very lucrative black market for poached wild game (sold and enthusiastically purchased as expensive luxury delicacies) and the number of commercial poachers in operation is unknown but presumed to be fairly high. Although scientifically conducted population studies are only recently being conducted as of 2013, the population of the five major mammalian game species is thought to be quite low. It is now believed that the red brocket deer population has been extincted on Tobago as a result of over-hunting. Various herons, ducks, doves, the green iguana, the gold tegu, the spectacled caiman and the common opossum are also commonly hunted and poached. There is also some poaching of 'fully protected species', including red howler monkeys and capuchin monkeys, southern tamanduas, Brazilian porcupines, yellow-footed tortoises, Trinidad piping guans and even one of the national birds, the scarlet ibis. No official hunting biology or hunting-ethics training is required. There is some speculation that the country is dominated by sport and commercial hunting, and that the subsistence hunting population is very small. The local wildlife management authority is under-staffed and under-funded, and as such very little in the way of enforcement is done to uphold existing wildlife management laws. There is some indication that the government is beginning to take the issue of wildlife management more seriously. It remains to be seen whether the proposed legislation will be fully adopted and financially supported by both governments, and whether the general public will change their attitudes towards conservation and change the culture of wanton consumption to one of sustainable management.
What animal aids in the hunting?
{ "text": [ "hounds" ], "answer_start": [ 162 ] }
57363183012e2f140011a1fd_aug
Hunting
There is a very active tradition of hunting small to medium-sized wild game. Hunting is carried out with firearms, and aided by the use of hounds, with the illegal use of trap guns, trap cages and snare nets. There is some concern that the practice might not be sustainable in a very small country of about the size of the state of Delaware. In addition there are at present no bag limits and the open season is relatively very long (5 months - October to February inclusive). As a result, hunting pressure from legal hunters is very high. There is also a thriving and lucrative black market for poached wild game (sold and enthusiastically purchased as expensive luxury delicacies), and the number of commercial poachers in operation is unknown but presumed to be fairly high. This is due to the fact that the five major mammalian game species (red-rumped agouti, lowland paca, nine-banded armadillo, collared peccary, and red brocket deer) are thought to be quite low (although scientifically conducted population studies are only recently being conducted as of 2013). It appears that the red brocket deer population has been decimated on Tobago as a result of over-hunting. The green iguana, the gold tegu, the spectacled caiman and the common opossum are also commonly hunted and poached. There is also some poaching of some 'fully protected species', including red howler monkeys and capuchin monkeys, southern tamanduas, Brazilian porcupines, yellow-footed tortoises, Trinidad piping guans and even one of the national birds, the scarlet ibis. Legal hunters pay very small fees to obtain hunting licences and do not undergo any official basic conservation biology or hunting-ethics training. There is estimated to be relatively very little subsistence hunting in the country, with most hunting occurring for sport or commercial profit. The local wildlife management authority is understaffed and underfunded, and as a result very little in the way of enforcement is done to uphold existing wildlife management laws. There is some indication that government is starting to take the issue of wildlife management more seriously, with legislation being brought before Parliament in 2015. It remains to be seen whether the proposed legislation will be fully adopted and financially supported by the current and future governments, and whether the general population will change from a culture of wanton consumption to one of sustainable management.
What population has extirpated?
{ "text": [ "red brocket deer" ], "answer_start": [ 924 ] }
57363183012e2f140011a1fe_aug
Hunting
There is a very active tradition of hunting small to medium-sized wild game in Trinidad and Tobago. Hunting is carried out with firearms, and aided by the use of hounds, as well as the illegal use of trap guns, trap cages and snare nets. There is some concern that the practice might not be sustainable in this small country of about the size of the state of Delaware at about 5128 square kilometers and 1.3 million inhabitants. Furthermore the area is comparatively very long (5 months - October to February inclusive). This pressure from legal hunters is very high. There is a thriving and very lucrative black market for poached wild game, which is sold and sold as expensive luxury delicacies), and the number of commercial poachers in operation is unknown but presumed to be fairly high. As a result, the populations of the five major mammalian game species are thought to be quite low (although scientifically conducted population studies are only recently being conducted as of 2013). It appears that the red brocket deer population has been decimated on Tobago as a result of over-hunting. The herons, ducks, doves and the green iguana are also commonly hunted and poached. There is also some poaching of 'fully protected species', including red howler monkeys and capuchin monkeys, southern tamanduas, Brazilian porcupines, yellow-footed tortoises, Trinidad piping guans and even one of the national birds, the scarlet ibis. As such, legal hunters pay very small fees to obtain hunting licences and do not undergo any formal basic conservation biology or hunting-ethics training. There is suppose to be relatively little subsistence hunting in the country (with most hunting for sport or commercial profit). The local wildlife management authority is under-staffed and under-funded, and as such very little in the way of enforcement is done to uphold existing wildlife management laws. There is some indication that the government is beginning to take the issue of wildlife management more seriously. It is unclear whether the proposed legislation will be fully adopted and financially supported by the current and future governments, and whether the general population will change their attitude towards the importance of wildlife conservation and change the culture of wanton consumption to one of sustainable management.
What do hunters pay to obtain hunting license?
{ "text": [ "very small fees" ], "answer_start": [ 1461 ] }
57346018879d6814001ca583_aug
Hunting
Hunting is claimed to give resource managers an important tool in managing populations that might exceed carrying capacity of their habitat and threaten the well-being of other species, or, in some instances, damage human health or safety. However, in most circumstances carrying capacity is determined by a combination of habitat and food availability, and hunting for 'population control' has no effect on the annual population of the species. In some cases, it can increase the population of predators such as coyotes by removing territorial bounds that would otherwise be established, resulting in excessive neighbouring migrations into an area, thus artificially increasing the population. Hunting advocates[whom] They argue that hunting reduces intraspecific competition for food and shelter, decreasing mortality among the remaining animals. some environmentalists hold[who?] That (re)introducing predators would achieve the same end with greater efficiency and less negative effect, such as introducing significant amounts of free lead into the environment and food chain.
What does hunting give resource managers an important tool?
{ "text": [ "managing populations" ], "answer_start": [ 66 ] }
57346018879d6814001ca585_aug
Hunting
Hunting is claimed to give resource managers an important tool in managing populations that might exceed the carrying capacity of their habitat and threaten the well-being of other species. However, in most circumstances, carrying capacity is determined by a combination of habitat and food availability, and hunting for 'population control' has no effect on the annual population of species. In some cases, it can increase the population of predators such as coyotes by removing territorial bounds that would otherwise be established, resulting in excessive neighbouring migrations into an area, thus artificially increasing the population. Hunting advocates[who] They argue that hunting reduces intraspecific competition for food and shelter, thus reducing mortality among remaining animals. some environmentalists claim[who?] This would achieve the same end with greater efficiency and less negative effect, such as introducing significant amounts of free lead into the environment and food chain.
What do some environmentalists assert reintroducing predators would achieve?
{ "text": [ "same end" ], "answer_start": [ 852 ] }
57350e4dacc1501500bac3d2_aug
Hunting
Hunting has been argued to give resource managers a powerful tool in managing populations that might exceed the carrying capacity of their habitat and threaten the well-being of other species, or, in some instances, damage human health or safety. However, in most circumstances carrying capacity is determined by a combination of habitat and food availability, and hunting for 'population control' has no effect on the annual population of species. In some cases, it can increase the population of predators such as coyotes by removing territorial bounds that would otherwise be established, resulting in excessive neighbouring migrations into an area, thus artificially increasing the population. Hunting advocates[who] They argue that hunting reduces intraspecific competition for food and shelter, improving the survival of remaining animals. Some environmentalists claim[who?] (Re)introducing predators would achieve the same end with greater efficiency and less negative effect, such as introducing significant amounts of free lead into the environment and food chain.
How is hunting an important tool for resource managers?
{ "text": [ "managing populations" ], "answer_start": [ 69 ] }
57350e4dacc1501500bac3d3_aug
Hunting
Hunting is claimed to give resource managers an important tool in managing populations that might exceed the carrying capacity of their habitat and threaten the well-being of other species, or, in some instances, damage human health or safety. However, in most circumstances carrying capacity is determined by the combination of habitat and food availability, and hunting for 'population control' has no effect on the annual population of species. In some cases, it can increase the population of predators such as coyotes by removing territorial bounds that would otherwise be established, resulting in excessive neighbouring migrations into an area, thus artificially increasing the population. Hunting advocates[who] They assert that hunting reduces intraspecific competition for food and shelter, improving the survival of remaining animals. Some environmentalists argue[who?] (Re)introducing predators would achieve the same end with greater efficiency and less negative effect, such as introducing significant amounts of free lead into the environment and food chain.
What happens if a population exceeds the carrying capacity of their habitat?
{ "text": [ "threaten the well-being of other species" ], "answer_start": [ 148 ] }
57350e4dacc1501500bac3d4_aug
Hunting
Hunting is claimed to give resource managers an important tool for managing populations that might exceed the carrying capacity of their habitat and threaten the well-being of other species, or in some instances, damage human health or safety. However, in most circumstances carrying capacity is determined by a combination of habitat and food availability, and hunting for 'population control' has no effect on the annual population of species. In some cases, it can increase the population of predators such as coyotes by removing territorial bounds that would otherwise be established, resulting in extraneous migrations into an area, thus artificially increasing the population. Hunting advocates[who] They argue that hunting reduces competition for food and shelter, while decreasing mortality among remaining animals. some environmentalists argue[who?] Affecting predators would achieve the same end with greater efficiency and a less negative effect, such as introducing significant amounts of free lead into the environment and food chain.
How can hunting actually increase the population of predators?
{ "text": [ "by removing territorial bounds that would otherwise be established" ], "answer_start": [ 521 ] }
57350e4dacc1501500bac3d5_aug
Hunting
Hunting has been suggested to give resource managers an important tool in managing populations that might exceed the carrying capacity of their habitat and threaten the well-being of other species, or in some cases, damage human health or safety. However, in most circumstances carrying capacity is determined by a combination of habitat and food availability, and hunting for 'population control' has no effect on the annual population of the species. In some cases, it can increase the population of predators such as coyotes by removing territorial bounds that would otherwise be established, resulting in excessive neighbouring migrations into an area, thus artificially increasing the population. Hunting advocates[who] They argue that hunting reduces intraspecific competition for food and shelter, which reduces mortality among remaining animals. Some environmentalists assert[who?] Thus, introducing significant amounts of free lead into the environment and food chain would achieve the same end with greater efficiency and less negative effect, such as introducing significant amounts of free lead into the environment and food chain.
What do some hunting advocates assert that is indirectly reduced among animals when intraspecific competition has been reduced?
{ "text": [ "mortality" ], "answer_start": [ 819 ] }
57350e4dacc1501500bac3d6_aug
Hunting
Hunting is claimed to give resource managers an important tool in managing populations which might exceed the carrying capacity of their habitat and threaten the well-being of other species. However, in most circumstances carrying capacity is determined by a combination of habitat and food availability, and hunting for 'population control' has no effect on the annual population of species. In some cases, it can increase the population of predators such as coyotes by removing territorial bounds that would otherwise be established, resulting in more neighbouring migrations into an area, thus artificially increasing the population. Hunting advocates[who] They argue that hunting reduces intraspecific competition for food and shelter, as well as reduces mortality for remaining animals. Some environmentalists claim[who?] That (re)introducing predators would achieve the same end with greater efficiency and less negative effect, such as introducing significant amounts of free lead into the environment and food chain.
What would environmentalists have done, instead of hunting?
{ "text": [ "(re)introducing predators" ], "answer_start": [ 832 ] }
5736327a6c16ec1900b9298b_aug
Hunting
Hunting is claimed by resource managers to give resource managers an important tool in managing populations that might exceed the carrying capacity of their habitat and threaten the well-being of other species, or, in some instances, damage human health or safety. However, in most circumstances carrying capacity is determined by a combination of habitat and food availability, and hunting for 'population control' has no effect on the annual population of species. In some cases, it can increase the population of predators such as coyotes by removing territorial bounds that would otherwise be established, resulting in excessive neighbouring migrations into an area, thus artificially increasing the population. Hunting advocates[whom] They argue that hunting reduces intraspecific competition for food and shelter, which reduces mortality among remaining animals. Some environmentalists claim[who?] (re)introducing predators would achieve the same end with greater efficiency and less negative effect, such as introducing significant amounts of free lead into the environment and food chain.
What is an important tool in managing populations?
{ "text": [ "Hunting" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
5736327a6c16ec1900b9298d_aug
Hunting
Hunting is claimed to give resource managers an important tool in managing populations that might exceed the carrying capacity of their habitat, and may also threaten the well-being of other species, or in some instances, damage human health or safety. However, in most circumstances carrying capacity is determined by a combination of habitat and food availability, and hunting for 'population control' has no effect on the annual population of species. In some cases, it can increase the population of predators such as coyotes by removing territorial bounds that would otherwise be established, resulting in excess neighboring migrations into an area, thus artificially increasing the population. Hunting advocates[whom] They argue, in theory, that hunting reduces intraspecific competition for food and shelter, thereby decreasing mortality among the remaining animals. Some environmentalists say[who?] If the introduction of predators would achieve the same end with greater efficiency and less negative effect, such as introducing significant amounts of free lead into the environment and food chain.
What can it increase the population of?
{ "text": [ "predators" ], "answer_start": [ 504 ] }
5734606cacc1501500babe49_aug
Hunting
In the 19th century, southern and central European sport hunters often pursued game only for a trophy, usually the head or pelt of an animal, which was then displayed as a sign of prowess. The rest of the animal was discarded. However, some cultures, however, do not approve of such waste. Hunting for trophies was and still is frowned upon in Nordic countries. Hunting in North America in the 19th century was done primarily to supply food supplies, although it is now undertaken mainly for sport. The safari method of hunting was a development of sport hunting that saw elaborate travel in Africa, India and other places in pursuit of trophies. Trophy hunting is still an important industry in some areas in modern times, and in some cases, it is an important business. [citation not provided]
What did sport hunters in the 19th century purse game for?
{ "text": [ "trophy" ], "answer_start": [ 95 ] }
5734606cacc1501500babe4a_aug
Hunting
In the 19th century, sport hunters in southern and central Europe often pursued game only for a trophy, the head or pelt of an animal, which was then displayed as a sign of prowess. The rest of the animal was discarded after slaughter. Some cultures, however, do not approve of such waste. Hunting for trophies was, and still is, frowned upon in Nordic countries. Hunting in North America during the 19th century was done mainly as a means of supplementing food supplies, although it is now undertaken mainly for sport. The safari method of hunting was a development of sport hunting that saw elaborate travel in Africa, India and other places in pursuit of trophies. Trophy hunting is still a profitable industry in some areas. [citation needed]
What was the head of an animal displayed as?
{ "text": [ "sign of prowess" ], "answer_start": [ 165 ] }
5734606cacc1501500babe4b_aug
Hunting
In the 19th century, southern and central European sport hunters often pursued game only for a trophy, usually the head or pelt of an animal, which was then displayed as a sign of prowess. The rest of the animal was typically discarded. However, some cultures do not approve of waste disposal. Hunting for trophies in Nordic countries was once and still is frowned upon. Hunting in North America in the 19th century was done primarily to supply food supplies, although it is now undertaken mainly for sport. The safari method of hunting was a development of sport hunting that saw elaborate travel in Africa, India and other places in pursuit of trophies. Trophy hunting is still an important industry in some areas. [citation not provided]
What happened to the rest of the animal?
{ "text": [ "s typically discarded" ], "answer_start": [ 214 ] }
5734606cacc1501500babe4c_aug
Hunting
In the 19th century, southern and central European sport hunters often pursued game only for a trophy, the head or pelt of an animal, which was used as a sign of prowess. This is called discarding. Some cultures, however, do not approve of such waste. Hunting for trophies was—and still is—frowned upon in Nordic countries. Hunting in North America during the 19th century was done mainly to supplement food supplies, although it is now done mainly for sport. The safari method of hunting was a development of sport hunting that saw elaborate travel in Africa, India and other places in pursuit of trophies. Trophy hunting is still very popular in some areas, and is an important industry. [citation needed]
What did some churches disapprove of?
{ "text": [ "such waste" ], "answer_start": [ 240 ] }
5734606cacc1501500babe4d_aug
Hunting
As the 19th century progressed, sport hunters sought trophy hunts solely to obtain the head or pelt of an animal which, when displayed, would be seen as a sign of prowess. The rest of the animal was typically discarded in the wild. Some cultures, however, do not approve of such waste. Hunting for trophies was, and still is—frowned upon in Nordic countries. Hunting in North America in the 19th century was done primarily as a means of supplementing food supplies, although it is now undertaken mainly for sport. The safari method of hunting was a development of sport hunting that saw elaborate travel in Africa, India and other places in pursuit of trophies. Trophy hunting is still a major industry in some areas in modern times. [citation needed]
What countries frowned upon this hunting?
{ "text": [ "Nordic" ], "answer_start": [ 341 ] }
5735106dacc1501500bac3ed_aug
Hunting
In the 19th century, southern and central European sport hunters often pursued game only for a trophy, usually the head or pelt of an animal, which was then displayed as a sign of prowess. The rest of the animal was typically discarded. Some cultures, however, do not approve of such waste. Hunting for trophies in Nordic countries was and still is frowned upon. Hunting in North America in the 19th century was undertaken primarily as a means of supplementing food supplies; although it is now undertaken mainly for sport. The safari method of hunting was a development of sport hunting that saw elaborate travel in Africa, India and other places in pursuit of trophies. In modern times, trophy hunting is still popular in some areas and can be a significant industry. (citation needed)
What was the only goal for many European sport hunters in the 19th century?
{ "text": [ "a trophy" ], "answer_start": [ 93 ] }
5735106dacc1501500bac3ee_aug
Hunting
In the 19th century, southern and central European sport hunters often pursued game only for a trophy, usually the head or pelt of an animal, which would then be displayed as a sign of prowess. The rest of the animal was typically discarded. However, some cultures, however, disapprove of such waste. Hunting for trophies was—and still is—frowned upon in Nordic countries. Hunting was done in North America in the 19th century, originally as a way to supplement food supplies, although it is now undertaken mainly for sport. The safari method of hunting was a development of sport hunting that saw elaborate travel in Africa, India and other places in pursuit of trophies. In modern times, trophy hunting is still done in some areas. [citation needed]
What types of trophies would hunters keep as trophies to be displayed as a sign of their prowess?
{ "text": [ "the head or pelt of an animal" ], "answer_start": [ 111 ] }
5735106dacc1501500bac3ef_aug
Hunting
In the 19th century, Southern and central European sport hunters often pursued game only for a trophy, usually the head or pelt of an animal, which was then displayed as a sign of prowess. When the animal was done, the rest of the animal was typically discarded. Some cultures, however, do not approve of such waste. Hunting for trophies in Nordic countries used to be—and still is—frowned upon. Hunting in North America in the 19th Century was done primarily to supplement food supplies, although it is now undertaken mainly for sport. The safari method of hunting was a development of sport hunting that saw elaborate travel in Africa, India and other places in pursuit of trophies. Trophy hunting is still an industry in some areas today, with a large amount of revenue generated in some areas. (citation needed)
In what countries was the hunting for trophies frowned upon, back in the day and in modern times?
{ "text": [ "Nordic" ], "answer_start": [ 341 ] }
5735106dacc1501500bac3f0_aug
Hunting
The hunting industry in southern and central Europe was very concentrated in the 19th century, with hunters seeking only trophies, usually the head or pelt of an animal, which were then displayed as a sign of prowess. The rest of the animal was discarded. However, some cultures, as a whole, do not approve of such waste. Hunting for trophies was and still is frowned upon in Nordic countries. Hunting in North America in the 19th century was done primarily to supply food supplies, although it is now undertaken mainly for sport. The safari method of hunting was a development of sport hunting that saw elaborate travel in Africa, India, and other places in pursuit of trophies. In modern times, trophy hunting has continued to be an important industry in some areas. [citation not in English]
What was hunting in North American in the 19th century used to supplement?
{ "text": [ "food supplies" ], "answer_start": [ 468 ] }
5735106dacc1501500bac3f1_aug
Hunting
In the 19th century, southern and central European sport hunters often pursued game only for a trophy, the head or pelt of an animal, which was displayed as a sign of prowess. The rest of the animal was typically not used. Some cultures, however, do not approve of such waste. Hunting for trophies in Nordic countries used to be—and still is—frowned upon. Hunting in North America in the 19th century was done mainly to supplement food supplies, although it is now conducted mainly for sport. The safari method of hunting was a development of sport hunting that saw elaborate travel in Africa, India and other places in pursuit of trophies. Trophy hunting is still an important industry in some areas and is still very profitable in some areas. [citation needed]
What destinations did sport hunting see elaborate travel to in the pursuit of trophies?
{ "text": [ "Africa, India and other places" ], "answer_start": [ 586 ] }
5736327e012e2f140011a203_aug
Hunting
The head or pelt of an animal was usually displayed as a sign of prowess, in the 19th century, in southern and central European sport hunters. The rest of the animal was typically discarded. However, some cultures, however, do not approve of such waste. Hunting for trophies in Nordic countries was and still is frowned upon. Hunting in North America during the 19th century was done mainly as a way to supplement food supply, although it is now undertaken mainly for sport. The safari method of hunting was a development of sport hunting that saw elaborate travel in Africa, India and other places in pursuit of trophies. Trophy hunting continues to be an important industry in some areas. [citation needed]
What century was game hunted as a trophy?
{ "text": [ "19th" ], "answer_start": [ 81 ] }
5736327e012e2f140011a204_aug
Hunting
In the 19th century, southern and central European sport hunters often chased game only for a trophy. This was done so that the rest of the animal could be discarded. Some cultures, however, do not approve of such waste. Hunting for trophies was and still is frowned upon in Nordic countries. Hunting in North America during the 19th century was done primarily to supplement food supplies, although it is now undertaken mainly for sport. The safari method of hunting was a development of sport hunting that saw elaborate travel in Africa, India and other places in search of trophies. Trophy hunting is a major business in some areas, and is still popular today. [citation not in English]
What countries is trophy hunting frowned upon?
{ "text": [ "Nordic" ], "answer_start": [ 275 ] }
5736327e012e2f140011a205_aug
Hunting
In the 19th century, hunters in southern and central European sport hunts often pursued game only for a trophy, usually the head or pelt of an animal, which was displayed as a sign of prowess. The rest of the animal was usually discarded. However, some cultures, however, do not approve of such waste. Hunting for trophies was—and still is—frowned upon in Nordic countries. Hunting in North America in the 19th Century was done primarily as a way to supplement food supplies, although it is now undertaken mainly for sport. The safari method of hunting was a development of sport hunting and involved elaborate travel in Africa, India and other places in pursuit of trophies. Many trophy hunters still hunt for trophy in modern times. [citation needed]
What did North America primarily hunt for?
{ "text": [ "food supplies" ], "answer_start": [ 461 ] }
5736327e012e2f140011a206_aug
Hunting
In the 19th century, hunters in southern and central Europe hunted game only for trophies, usually the head or pelt of an animal, which was used as proof of their prowess. The rest of the animal was typicallydiscarded. Some cultures, however, do not approve of such waste. Hunting for trophies was—and still is—frowned upon in Nordic countries. Hunting in North America during the 19th century was done primarily to provide food supply, although it is now undertaken mainly for sport. The safari method of hunting was a development of sport hunting that saw elaborate travel in Africa, India and other places in pursuit of trophies. Trophy hunting has survived in some areas since modern times and is an important industry in some areas. [citation needed]
What sport of hunting is in Africa?
{ "text": [ "safari method" ], "answer_start": [ 489 ] }
573460e1acc1501500babe53_aug
Hunting
It states that trophy hunting is "of "major importance to conservation in Africa by creating economic incentives for conservation over vast areas, including areas which may be unsuitable for alternative wildlife-based land uses such as photographic ecotourism." Another study states that less than 3% of trophy hunters' expenditures reach local level, meaning that the incentive and benefit is "minimal, particularly when we consider the vast areas of land that hunting concessions occupy."
What Continent did the biological Conservation state trophy hunting is of major importance to the conservation of?
{ "text": [ "Africa" ], "answer_start": [ 74 ] }
573460e2acc1501500babe54_aug
Hunting
Biological conservation studies state that trophy hunting is of "major importance to conservation in Africa by creating economic incentives for conservation over vast areas, including areas which may be unsuitable for alternative wildlife-based land uses such as photographic ecotourism." Another study states that less than 3% of trophy hunters' expenditures reach local level, meaning that the incentive and benefit is "minimal, particularly when we consider the vast areas of land that hunting concessions occupy."
What does hunting create economic incentives for?
{ "text": [ "conservation" ], "answer_start": [ 11 ] }
573460e2acc1501500babe55_aug
Hunting
The study concluded that trophy hunting "is of "major importance to conservation in Africa by creating economic incentives for conservation over vast areas, including areas which may be unsuitable for alternative wildlife-based land uses such as photographic ecotourism." However, another study states that only 3% of trophy hunters' expenditures reach the local level, meaning that the incentive and benefit is "minimal, particularly when we consider the vast areas of land that hunting concessions occupy."
What did another study show that less than 3% of reached the local level?
{ "text": [ "expenditures" ], "answer_start": [ 334 ] }
5735137e879d6814001cab03_aug
Hunting
A scientific study published in the journal, Biological Conservation, states that trophy hunting is of "major importance to conservation in Africa by creating economic incentives for conservation over vast areas, including areas which may be unsuitable for alternative wildlife-based land uses such as photographic ecotourism." However, another study states that less than 3% of a trophy hunters' expenditures reach local level, meaning that the incentive and benefit is "minimal, particularly when we consider the vast areas of land that hunting concessions occupy."
What type of studies does the Biological Conservation journal publish?
{ "text": [ "scientific" ], "answer_start": [ 2 ] }
5735137e879d6814001cab04_aug
Hunting
A scientific study in the journal, Biological Conservation, states that trophy hunting is of "major importance to conservation in Africa by creating economic incentives for conservation over vast areas, including areas which may be unsuitable for alternative wildlife-based land uses such as photographic ecotourism." However, one study states that less than 3% of a trophy hunters' expenditures reach the local level, meaning that the incentive and benefit is "minimal."
Why is trophy hunting important to conservation in Africa?
{ "text": [ "creating economic incentives for conservation over vast areas" ], "answer_start": [ 140 ] }
5735137e879d6814001cab05_aug
Hunting
The study concluded that trophy hunting is of "major importance to conservation in Africa by creating economic incentives for conservation over vast areas, including areas which may be unsuitable for alternative wildlife-based land uses such as photographic ecotourism." Another study states that less than 3% of trophy hunters' expenditures reach the local level, meaning that the economic incentive and benefit is "minimal, particularly when we consider the vast areas of land that hunting concessions occupy."
Trophy hunting can include areas which would likely be unsuitable for what other types of ecotourism?
{ "text": [ "photographic" ], "answer_start": [ 245 ] }
5735137e879d6814001cab06_aug
Hunting
It states that trophy hunting is of "major importance to conservation in Africa by creating economic incentives for conservation over vast areas, including areas which may be unsuitable for alternative wildlife-based land uses such as photographic ecotourism." Another study stated that less than 3% of a trophy hunter's expenditures reach the local level, meaning that the incentive and benefit are "minimal, particularly when we consider the vast areas of land that hunting concessions occupy."
How much of a trophy hunters' expenditures actually reach the local level, according to another study?
{ "text": [ "less than 3%" ], "answer_start": [ 287 ] }
5735137e879d6814001cab07_aug
Hunting
A study in the journal, Biological Conservation, states that trophy hunting is of "major importance to conservation in Africa by creating economic incentives for conservation over vast areas, including areas which may be unsuitable for alternative wildlife-based land uses such as photographic ecotourism." However, another study states that the % of trophy hunters' expenditures reach local level, meaning that the economic incentive and benefit is "minimal, particularly when we consider the vast areas of land that hunting concessions occupy."
What thus is the level of economic incentive and benefit?
{ "text": [ "minimal" ], "answer_start": [ 451 ] }
573632816c16ec1900b92991_aug
Hunting
A scientific study in the journal, Biological Conservation, states that trophy hunting is of "major importance to conservation in Africa by creating economic incentives for conservation over vast areas, including areas which may be unsuitable for alternative wildlife-based land uses such as photographic ecotourism." However, another study states that less than 3% of a trophy hunters' expenditures reach local level, meaning that the economic incentive and benefit is "minimal, particularly when we consider the vast areas of land that hunting concessions occupy."
What is of major importance in Africa?
{ "text": [ "trophy hunting" ], "answer_start": [ 72 ] }
573632816c16ec1900b92992_aug
Hunting
The study concluded that trophy hunting is of "major importance to conservation in Africa by creating economic incentives for conservation over vast areas, including areas which may be unsuitable for alternative wildlife-based land uses such as photographic ecotourism." These studies conclude that there are no significant local benefits or incentives for trophy hunters, and that the incentive and benefit are "minimal."
What does trophy hunting create in Africa?
{ "text": [ "economic incentives for conservation" ], "answer_start": [ 102 ] }
573632816c16ec1900b92993_aug
Hunting
The study concluded that trophy hunting is of "major importance to conservation in Africa by creating economic incentives for conservation over vast areas, including areas which may be unsuitable for alternative wildlife-based land uses such as photographic ecotourism." However, another study states that less than 3% of a trophy hunters' expenditures reach the local level, meaning that the incentive and benefit are "minimal, particularly when we consider the vast areas of land that hunting concessions occupy."
How much of trophy hunters expenditures actually reach the local level?
{ "text": [ "less than 3%" ], "answer_start": [ 306 ] }
57346156acc1501500babe59_aug
Hunting
Hunting and support hunting on economic grounds benefit a variety of industry stakeholders. In Tanzania, it is estimated that a safari hunter spends between 50 and one hundred times that of the average ecotourist. While the average photo tourist may seek luxury accommodation, the average safari hunter generally stays in tented camps. Safari hunters are also more likely to use remote areas, not in the same way that ecotourists are. The hunts allow for anti-poaching activities and revenue for local communities. [citation needed]
What do a variety of industries benefit from?
{ "text": [ "hunting" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
57346156acc1501500babe5a_aug
Hunting
Hunting and support hunting on economic grounds have been beneficial to a number of industries. In Tanzania, it is estimated that the average safari hunter spends fifty to one hundred times that of the average ecotourist. The average safari hunter usually stays in tented camps, while the average photo tourist may seek luxury accommodation. Safari hunters are also more likely to use remote areas, uninviting to the typical ecotourist. The hunts allow for anti-poaching activities and revenue for local communities. [citation needed]
Where is it estimated that a hunter spends fifty to one hundred times that of the average ecotourist?
{ "text": [ "Tanzania" ], "answer_start": [ 99 ] }
57346156acc1501500babe5b_aug
Hunting
Hunting and support hunting for economical reasons are supported by a number of industry players. In Tanzania, it is estimated that a safari hunter spends fifty to one hundred times that of the average ecotourist. While the average photo tourists may seek luxury accommodation, the average safari hunter usually stays in tented camps. Safari hunters are also more likely to use remote areas, not inviting the typical ecotourist. Some argue that these hunts allow for anti-poaching activities and revenue for local communities. [citation not provided]
Where does the average safari hunter stay in?
{ "text": [ "tented camps" ], "answer_start": [ 321 ] }
57346156acc1501500babe5c_aug
Hunting
Hunting and support hunting on economic grounds is supported by a number of industry players. In Tanzania, one safari hunter is estimated to spend fifty to one hundred times that of the average ecotourist. While the average safari hunter will stay in tented camps, the majority of safari hunters will not stay in luxury accommodation. Safari hunters are also more likely to use remote areas, not attracting the typical ecotourist. Advocates argue that these hunters allow for anti-poaching activities and revenue for local communities. [citation needed]
Advocates argue these hunters allow for what type of activities?
{ "text": [ "anti-poaching" ], "answer_start": [ 476 ] }
57351496879d6814001cab0d_aug
Hunting
Hunting and support hunting for economic reasons are supported by a number of industry sectors. A safari hunter is estimated to spend fifty to one hundred times that of the average ecotourist. While the average safari hunter may seek luxury accommodation, they usually stay in tented camps. They are also more likely to use remote areas, uninviting to the typical ecotourist. These hunters allow the hunting to occur and revenue for local communities. [citation needed]
What do a variety of industries obtain benefit from?
{ "text": [ "hunting" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
57351496879d6814001cab0e_aug
Hunting
hunting and support hunting for economic reasons, a variety of industry benefits. In Tanzania, a safari hunter is said to spend between fifty and one hundred times that of an ecotourist. There are also tented camps where the average safari hunter will stay, with the majority staying in luxury accommodation. Safari hunters are also more likely to go to areas that are not normally visited by the typical ecotourist. Advocates argue that these hunters allow for anti-poaching activities and revenue for local communities. [citation needed]
In what country is it estimated that a safari hunter spends fifty to one hundred times what an average ecotourist does?
{ "text": [ "Tanzania" ], "answer_start": [ 85 ] }
57351496879d6814001cab0f_aug
Hunting
Industry benefits from hunting and supports hunting on economic grounds. In Tanzania, it is estimated that a safari hunter spends between fifty and one hundred times that of the average ecotourist. While the average photo tourist may seek luxury accommodation, safari hunters generally stay in tented camps. Safari hunters are also more likely to use remote areas, not in the same way that the typical ecotourist is interested in visiting big parks. Advocates argue that these hunters allow for anti-poaching activities and revenue for local communities. [citation needed]
What type of accommodations does the average photographer touring Tanzania seek?
{ "text": [ "luxury" ], "answer_start": [ 239 ] }
57351496879d6814001cab10_aug
Hunting
hunting industry benefits and supports hunting on economic grounds. In Tanzania, a safari hunter spends between fifty and one hundred times as much on the hunt as the average ecotourist. While the average photo tourist may seek luxury accommodation, the average safari hunter usually stays in tented camps. Safari hunters are also more likely to use remote areas, uninviting to the typical ecotourist. Advocates argue that these hunters allow for anti-poaching activities and revenue for local communities. [citation needed]
Where does the typical safari hunter hang his hat at night?
{ "text": [ "in tented camps" ], "answer_start": [ 290 ] }
57351496879d6814001cab11_aug
Hunting
Hunting industry benefits from hunting and supports hunting on commercial basis. A safari hunter spends fifty to one hundred times that of the average ecotourist. While the average photo tourist may seek luxury accommodation, the average safari hunter generally stays in tented camps. Safari hunters are also more likely to use remote areas, uninviting to the typical ecotourist. These hunters allow for anti-poaching activities and revenue for local communities, as well as allowing for anti-poaching activities and a profit for local communities. [citation needed]
Where can safari hunters go which are uninviting to the less hardcore ecotourist?
{ "text": [ "remote areas" ], "answer_start": [ 328 ] }
57363285012e2f140011a20b_aug
Hunting
Industries benefit from and support hunting for business reasons. In Tanzania, it is estimated that a safari hunter spends fifty to one hundred times that of the average ecotourist. While the average photo tourist may seek luxury accommodation, the average safari hunter generally stays in tented camps. Safari hunters are also more likely to use remote areas, uninviting to the typical ecotourist. These hunters are allowing anti-poaching activities and revenue for local communities. [citation needed]
How much does a safari hunter spend compared to an average ecotourist?
{ "text": [ "fifty to one hundred times" ], "answer_start": [ 123 ] }
57363285012e2f140011a20c_aug
Hunting
Hunting industry benefits from hunting and support hunting for economic reasons. In Tanzania, it is estimated that a safari hunter spends between fifty and one hundred times that of the average ecotourist. While the average photo tourist may seek luxury accommodation, the average safari hunter generally stays in tented camps. Safari hunters are also more likely to use remote areas, which is a draw to the typical ecotourist. advocates argue that these hunters allow for anti-poaching activities and revenue for local communities. [citation needed]
What does the photo tourist seek?
{ "text": [ "luxury accommodation" ], "answer_start": [ 247 ] }
57363285012e2f140011a20d_aug
Hunting
Hunting and support hunting on economic grounds are supported by a number of industry groups. In Tanzania, a safari hunter is believed to spend between fifty and one hundred times that of the average ecotourist. While the average photo tourist may seek luxury accommodation, the average safari hunter will usually stay in tented camps. Safari hunters are also more likely to use private land, which is less appealing to the typical ecotourist. Advocates argue that these hunters allow for anti-poaching activities and revenue for local communities. [citation not required]
Where does a safari hunter usually stay?
{ "text": [ "tented camps" ], "answer_start": [ 322 ] }
57363285012e2f140011a20e_aug
Hunting
hunting and support hunting on economic grounds are supported by a number of industry participants. In Tanzania, it is estimated that a safari hunter spends between fifty and one hundred times that of the average ecotourist. Although the average safari hunter will typically stay in tented camps, they are more likely to stay in luxury accommodation. Safari hunters are also more likely to use remote areas, uninviting to the typical ecotourist. They argue that these hunters allow for anti-poaching activities and revenue for local communities. [citation needed]
What hunters allow for anti-poaching activities?
{ "text": [ "Safari hunters" ], "answer_start": [ 351 ] }
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Hunting
Hunting is also a lucrative business in the United States, with many companies specialising in hunting equipment or tourism. Apple's iPhone applications are one of the most widely used examples. Today's hunters come from many different backgrounds. By 2001, over thirteen million hunters averaged eighteen days hunting and spent over $20.5 billion on their sport. In the U.S., funds from hunting licenses go towards state game management programs, including conservation of wildlife habitat.
Hunting has significant financial impact in what country?
{ "text": [ "the United States" ], "answer_start": [ 40 ] }
57351665acc1501500bac3f8_aug
Hunting
Many companies specialising in hunting equipment or speciality tourism have a financial impact on the United States. Many different technologies have been created to assist hunters. Today's hunters come from all social backgrounds. Over 13 million hunters averaged eighteen days hunting, and spent over $20.5 billion on their sport in 2001. In the United States, proceeds from hunting licenses are used to maintain wildlife habitat.
What do many companies specialize in apropos to hunting?
{ "text": [ "equipment or speciality tourism" ], "answer_start": [ 39 ] }
57351665acc1501500bac3f9_aug
Hunting
The hunting industry has also had a significant financial impact on the United States, with many companies specialising in hunting equipment or speciality tourism. iPhone applications were first created to assist hunters, but many other technologies have since been created to assist hunters. Today's hunters come from a wide range of social backgrounds. Over thirteen million hunters averaged eighteen days hunting, and spent over $20.5 billion on their sport in 2001. In the United States, proceeds from hunting licenses go to conservation efforts.
"There's an app for that!", what have been different technologies been created to do?
{ "text": [ "assist hunters" ], "answer_start": [ 206 ] }
57351665acc1501500bac3fb_aug
Hunting
Hunting also has a significant financial impact on the United States, with many companies specialising in hunting equipment or tourism. Many different technologies have been created to assist hunters, including iPhone applications. Today's hunters come from many different backgrounds and races. Over thirteen million hunters averaged eighteen days hunting, and spent over $20.5 billion on their sport. In the US, proceeds from hunting licenses contribute to state game management programs, including preservation of wildlife habitat.
How much money did the thirteen million hunters spend on their sport in 2001?
{ "text": [ "over $20.5 billion" ], "answer_start": [ 368 ] }
573632886c16ec1900b92997_aug
Hunting
Hunting also has a significant financial impact in the United States, with many companies specialising in hunting equipment or tourism. Many different technologies have been created for hunters, including iPhone applications. Today's hunters come from a broad range of social backgrounds. Over thirteen million hunters averaged eighteen days hunting, and spent over $20.5 billion on their sport. In the US, proceeds from hunting licenses go towards state game management programs, including preservation of wildlife habitat.
What type of financial impact does hunting have on the U.S.?
{ "text": [ "significant financial impact" ], "answer_start": [ 19 ] }
573632886c16ec1900b92998_aug
Hunting
Hunting also has a significant financial impact in the United States, with many companies specialising in hunting equipment or speciality tourism. Many different technologies have been created to assist hunters, including the iPhone. Today's hunters come from many backgrounds. Over thirteen million hunters averaged eighteen days hunting, and spent more than $20.5 billion on their sport in 2001. In the US, proceeds from hunting licenses are used to preserve wildlife habitat, and in the case of some states, to pay for hunting licenses.
What has been developed in the U.S. to help hunters?
{ "text": [ "different technologies" ], "answer_start": [ 152 ] }
573632886c16ec1900b92999_aug
Hunting
Hunting has a significant financial impact in the United States, with many companies specialising in hunting equipment or speciality tourism. Many different technologies have been created to assist hunters, including iPhone applications. Today's hunters come from all social backgrounds. Over thirteen million hunters averaged eighteen days hunting, and spent over $20.5 billion on their sport in 2001. In the US, proceeds from hunting licenses contribute to state game management programs, including preservation of wildlife habitat.
One technology that is available for hunters in the U.S. is?
{ "text": [ "iPhone applications" ], "answer_start": [ 217 ] }
573632886c16ec1900b9299a_aug
Hunting
Hunting also has a significant financial impact on the United States, with many companies specialising in hunting equipment or speciality tourism. Many different technologies have been created to assist hunters, including iPhone applications. Today's hunters come from all backgrounds and social groups. Over 13 million hunters averaged eighteen days hunting, and spent over $20.5 billion on their sport. In the US, proceeds from hunting licenses go toward state game management programs, such as conservation of wildlife habitat.
How much did hunters spend in 2001?
{ "text": [ "over $20.5 billion" ], "answer_start": [ 370 ] }
573632886c16ec1900b9299b_aug
Hunting
In the United States, the hunting industry has a significant financial impact. Many different technologies have been created to assist hunters, including iPhone applications. Today's hunters come from many social backgrounds. Over 13 million hunters averaged eighteen days hunting and spent over $20.5 billion on their sport. In the U.S., proceeds from hunting licenses contribute to state game management programs, including preservation of wildlife habitat.
What do the proceeds from hunting assist with?
{ "text": [ "preservation of wildlife habitat" ], "answer_start": [ 426 ] }
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Hunting
However, excessive hunting and poachers have also contributed heavily to the endangerment, extirpation and extinction of many animals, such as the quagga, the great auk, Steller's Sea Cow, the bluebuck, the Caspian and Javan tigers, the markhor, the Sumatran rhinoceros, the bison, the North American cougar, the Altai argali sheep, the Asian elephant and many more, primarily for commercial sale or sport. All these animals have been hunted to death or threatened.
What has excessive hunting contributed heavily to?
{ "text": [ "the endangerment, extirpation and extinction of many animals" ], "answer_start": [ 73 ] }
57351714879d6814001cab18_aug
Hunting
However, excessive hunting and poachers have also contributed heavily to the endangerment, extirpation and extinction of many animals, such as the quagga, the great auk, Steller's sea cow, the thylacine, the bluebuck, the Caspian and Javan tigers, the markhor, the Sumatran rhinoceros, the bison, the North American cougar, the Altai argali sheep, the Asian elephant and many more, primarily for commercial sale or sport. All these animals have been hunted to extinction.
What do Steller's sea cow, the bluebuck, and the Javan tigers all have in common?
{ "text": [ "extinction" ], "answer_start": [ 107 ] }
57351714879d6814001cab19_aug
Hunting
However, excessive hunting and poachers have also contributed heavily to the endangerment, extirpation and extinction of many animals, such as the quagga, the great auk, Steller's sea cow, the thylacine, the bluebuck, the Caspian and Javan tigers, the markhor, the Sumatran rhinoceros, the bison, the North American cougar, the Altai argali sheep, the Asian elephant and many more, primarily for commercial sale or sport. All these animals have been hunted toextinction.
Why have poachers killed endangered animals?
{ "text": [ "primarily for commercial sale or sport." ], "answer_start": [ 382 ] }
57351714879d6814001cab1b_aug
Hunting
However, excessive hunting and poachers have also contributed heavily to the endangerment, extirpation and extinction of many animals, such as the quagga, the great auk, Steller's Sea Cow, the thylacine, the bluebuck, the Arabian oryx, the Caspian and Javan tigers, the markhor, the Sumatran rhinoceros, the bison, the North American cougar, the Altai argali sheep, the Asian elephant and many more, primarily for commercial sale or sport. All these animals have been hunted to death or threatened.
How is excessive hunting related to the extinction of species?
{ "text": [ "contributed heavily" ], "answer_start": [ 50 ] }
5736328c012e2f140011a213_aug
Hunting
However, excessive hunting and poachers have also contributed heavily to the endangerment, extirpation and extinction of many animals, such as the quagga, the great auk, Steller's sea cow, the thylacine, the bluebuck, the Caspian and Javan tigers, the markhor, the Sumatran rhinoceros, the bison, the North American cougar, the Altai argali sheep, the Asian elephant and many more, primarily for commercial sale or sport. All these animals have been hunted to near extinction.
What contributes to endangerment?
{ "text": [ "excessive hunting" ], "answer_start": [ 9 ] }
5736328c012e2f140011a214_aug
Hunting
However, excessive hunting and poachers have also contributed heavily to the endangerment, extirpation and extinction of many animals, such as the quagga, the great auk, Steller's sea cow, the bluebuck, the Caspian and Javan tigers, the markhor, the Sumatran rhinoceros, the bison, the North American cougar, the Altai argali sheep, the Asian elephant and many more, primarily for commercial sale or sport. All of these animals have been hunted to near extinction.
What have poachers contributed to hunting?
{ "text": [ "endangerment" ], "answer_start": [ 77 ] }
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Hunting
The Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act of 1934 was enacted by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on March 16 1934 to require all hunters over the age of 16 to purchase one stamp each year. The stamps are created by the USPS and depict wildlife artwork selected through an annual contest. They also play an important role in habitat conservation because ninety-eight percent of all funds generated by their sale go directly toward the purchase or lease of wetland habitat for protection in the National Wildlife Refuge System. In addition to waterfowl, it is estimated that one third of the nation's endangered species seek food and shelter in areas protected using Duck Stamp funds. [citation needed]
Who signed the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act?
{ "text": [ "President Franklin D. Roosevelt" ], "answer_start": [ 60 ] }
573517e0879d6814001cab24_aug
Hunting
The Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act was signed by Franklin Roosevelt on March 16, 1934 and requires all hunters over the age of 16 to purchase one stamp annually. These stamps are created on behalf of the program by the US Postal Service and depict wildlife artwork selected through an annual contest. They also play an important role in habitat conservation because ninety-eight percent of all funds generated by their sale go directly toward the purchase or lease of wetland habitat for protection in the National Wildlife Refuge System. In addition to waterfowl, it is estimated that one third of the nation's endangered species seek food and shelter in protected areas. [citation needed]
What do 98% of all the funds generated by the stamp sales go to?
{ "text": [ "the purchase or lease of wetland habitat" ], "answer_start": [ 445 ] }
573517e0879d6814001cab25_aug
Hunting
In 1934, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act, which required hunters over the age of sixteen to purchase one stamp each year. These stamps were created on behalf of the program by the US Postal Service and depict wildlife artwork chosen through an annual contest. They also play an important role in habitat conservation because ninety-eight percent of all funds generated by their sale go directly to purchasing or lease wetlands habitat for protection. It is estimated that one third of the nation's endangered species seek food and shelter in areas protected using Duck Stamp funds. [citation needed]
How much of the nation's endangered species is it estimated benefits from the protection afford by the Duck Stamp funds?
{ "text": [ "one third" ], "answer_start": [ 516 ] }