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57343074d058e614000b6ad0_aug
Infection
The medical treatment of infectious diseases falls within the field of Infectious Disease and in some cases the study of propagation is linked to the field of Epidemiology. Generally, infections are diagnosed by primary care physicians or internal medicine specialists. For example, an "uncomplicated" pneumonia will generally be treated by the internist or the pulmonologist. The work of an infectious diseases specialist therefore involves working with both patients and general practitioners as well as laboratory scientists, immunologists, bacteriologists and other specialists.
Who works with both patients and general practitioners to identify a disease?
{ "text": [ "infectious diseases specialist" ], "answer_start": [ 392 ] }
573431514776f41900661a3b_aug
Infection
A number of studies have reported associations between pathogen load in an area and human behavior. decreased size of ethnic and religious groups in an area is associated with decreased pathogen load. This may be due to high pathogen load favoring avoidance of other groups that may decrease pathogen transmission. Higher pathogen load is also associated with more restricted sexual behavior, which may reduce pathogen transmission. It also appears to be associated with higher preferences for health and attractiveness in mates. Another association that may be compensated for the higher mortality rate is higher fertility rates and shorter or less parental care per child. There is also an association with polygyny which may be due to higher pathogen load which makes selecting males with a high genetic resistance increasingly important. The higher pathogen load is also associated with more collectivism and less individualism, which may limit contacts with outside groups and infections. There are alternative explanations for at least some of the associations, although some of these explanations may in turn be due to pathogen load. Thus, polygny may also be due to a lower male-female ratio in these areas but this may ultimately be due to male infants having higher mortality rates from infectious diseases. Another example is that low socioeconomic factors may ultimately in part be due to high pathogen load preventing economic development.
What have a number of studies found a correlation between?
{ "text": [ "pathogen load in an area and human behavior" ], "answer_start": [ 55 ] }
573431514776f41900661a3c_aug
Infection
Many studies have reported associations between pathogen load in an area and human behavior. decreased bacterial load is associated with decreased size of ethnic and religious groups in an area. This may be due high pathogen load favoring avoidance of other groups which may reduce pathogen transmission, or a high pathogen load preventing the creation of large settlements and armies that enforce a common culture. higher pathogen load is also associated with more restricted sexual behavior, which may reduce pathogen transmission. It is also associated with higher preference for health and attractiveness in mates. Another association that may be a compensation for the higher mortality rate is higher fertility rates and shorter or less parental care per child. It is also associated with polygyny which may be due to higher pathogen load, making selecting males with a high genetic resistance becoming increasingly important. other factors associated with higher pathogen load have been associated with more collectivism and less individualism, which may limit contacts with outside groups and infections. There are alternative explanations for at least some of the associations, although some of these explanations may ultimately be due to pathogen load. Thus, polygny may also be due to a lower male-female ratio in these areas. However, this may ultimately be due to male infants having increased mortality from infectious diseases. Another example is that low socioeconomic factors may ultimately in part be due to high pathogen load preventing economic development.
What is higher pathogen load associated with?
{ "text": [ "decreased size of ethnic and religious groups in an area" ], "answer_start": [ 137 ] }
573431514776f41900661a3d_aug
Infection
A number of studies have shown an association of pathogen load in an area with human behavior. decreased etiologic ethnic and religious group size is associated with decreased pathogen load. This may be due high pathogen load favoring avoidance of other groups, which may reduce pathogen transmission, or a high pathogen load preventing the establishment of large settlements and armies that enforce a common culture. higher pathogen load is also associated with greater restriction of sexual activity, which may reduce pathogen transmission. It has also been associated with higher preferences for health and attractiveness in mates. Another association that may be compensatory for higher mortality rates is higher fertility rates, shorter or less parental care per child. There is also an association with polygyny which may be due to higher pathogen load, making selecting males with a high genetic resistance increasingly important. Higher pathogen load is also associated with more collectivism and less individualism, which may result in limiting contacts with outside groups and infections. There are alternative explanations for some of the associations although some of these explanations may ultimately be due to pathogen load. Thus, polygny may be due to a lower male-female ratio in these areas but this may ultimately be due to male infants having increased mortality from infectious diseases. Another example is that social factors may ultimately in part be due to high pathogen load preventing economic development.
What does avoidance of other groups reduce?
{ "text": [ "pathogen transmission" ], "answer_start": [ 279 ] }
573431514776f41900661a3e_aug
Infection
Many studies have shown associations between the presence of pathogens in an area and human behavior. decreased size of ethnic and religious groups in an area is associated with decreased pathogen load. This may be due to high pathogen load favoring avoidance of other groups, which may reduce pathogen transmission, or a high pathogen load preventing the creation of large settlements and armies that enforce a common culture. higher pathogen load is also associated with more restricted sexual behavior, which may reduce pathogen transmission. It is also associated with higher preferences for health and attractiveness in mates. Another association that may be compensating for higher mortality rates is higher fertility rates and shorter or less parental care per child. There is also an association with polygyny which may be due to high pathogen load. These factors may affect contact with outside groups and infections. There are alternative explanations for at least some of the associations, though some of these explanations may ultimately be due to pathogen load. Thus, polygny may also be due to a lower male-female ratio in these areas but this may ultimately be due to male infants having increased mortality from infectious diseases. Another example is that low socioeconomic factors may ultimately be due to high pathogen load preventing economic development.
What does more restricted sexual behavior result in?
{ "text": [ "Higher pathogen load" ], "answer_start": [ 428 ] }
573431514776f41900661a3f_aug
Infection
Many studies have shown that pathogen load in an area is associated with human behavior. decreased size of ethnic and religious groups in an area is associated with increased pathogen load. This may be due to high pathogen load favoring avoidance of other groups, which may reduce pathogen transmission, or a high pathogen load preventing large settlements and armies that enforce a common culture. increased higher pathogen load is also associated with more restricted sexual behavior, which may reduce pathogen transmission. It is also associated with higher preferences for health and attractiveness in the mate. Another association that may compensate for the higher mortality rate is higher fertility rates and shorter or less parental care per child. It has also been associated with polygyny which may be due to higher pathogen load, making selecting males with a high genetic resistance increasingly important. Increasing collectivism and less individualism may be associated with higher pathogen load, which may limit contacts with outside groups and infections. There are alternative explanations for at least some of the associations, although some of these explanations may be ultimately due to pathogen load. Thus, polygny may also be due to a lower male-female ratio in these areas but this may ultimately be due to male infants having increased mortality from infectious diseases. Another example is that poor socioeconomic factors may ultimately, in part, be due to high pathogen load preventing economic development.
What may poor socioeconomic factors ultimately in part be due to?
{ "text": [ "high pathogen load preventing economic development." ], "answer_start": [ 1482 ] }
57343210d058e614000b6ae0_aug
Infection
Evidence of infection in fossil remains is a subject of interest for paleopathologists, scientists who study occurrences of injuries and illness in extinct life forms. Signs of infection have been discovered in the bones of carnivorous dinosaurs. When present, however, these infections tend to be localized to only small areas of the body. A skull belonging to the early carnivorous dinosaur Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis exhibits pit-like wounds surrounded by swollen and porous bone. The unusual texture of the bone around the wounds suggests they were infected by a short-lived infection. It is believed that the bite marks were caused in a fight with another Herrerasaurus. Other carnivorous dinosaurs with documented evidence of infection include Acrocanthosaurus, Allosaurus, Tyrannosaurus and a tyrannosaur from the Kirtland Formation. The infections from both tyrannosaurs were received by being bitten during a fight, similar to the Herrerasaurus specimen.
What profession finds evidence of infection in fossil remains to be interesting?
{ "text": [ "paleopathologists" ], "answer_start": [ 69 ] }
57343210d058e614000b6ae1_aug
Infection
Extant human remains have been a subject of interest for paleopathologists, scientists who study the occurrences of injuries and illness in extinct life forms. In the remains of carnivorous dinosaurs, signs of infection have been found. When present, however, these infections are confined to small areas of the body. A skull attributed to the early carnivorous dinosaur Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis has pit-like wounds surrounding swollen and porous bone. The unusual texture of the bone around the wounds suggests that they suffered from a short-lived infection. They suggested the bite marks were caused in a fight with another Herrerasaurus. Other carnivorous dinosaurs with documented evidence of infection include Allosaurus, Tyrannosaurus, and a tyrannosaur from the Kirtland Formation. It was thought that both tyrannosaurs got their infections by biting during a fight.
What do paleopathologists study?
{ "text": [ "occurrences of injuries and illness in extinct life forms" ], "answer_start": [ 101 ] }
57343210d058e614000b6ae2_aug
Infection
Evidence of infection in fossil remains is a subject of interest for paleopathologists. Signs of infection have been found in the bones of carnivorous dinosaurs. When present, however, these infections seem to be confined to only particular areas of the body. A skull attributed to the early carnivorous dinosaur Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis has pit-like wounds surrounded by swollen and porous bone. The unusual texture of the bone around the wounds suggests they were suffering from a short-lived infection. The bite marks were likely acquired in a fight with another Herrerasaurus, scientists said. Other dinosaurs with documented evidence of infection include Allosaurus, Tyrannosaurus, and a tyrannosaur from the Kirtland Formation. Both tyrannosaurs had infections from being bitten during a fight, like the Herrerasaurus specimen.
What has been discovered in the bones of carnivorous dinosaurs?
{ "text": [ "Signs of infection" ], "answer_start": [ 88 ] }
57343210d058e614000b6ae3_aug
Infection
Evidence of infection in fossil remains is a subject of interest for paleopathologists, scientists who study the occurrences of injuries and illness in extinct life forms. These dinosaurs lived to be over 77, but they still had teeth and bones. When present, however, these infections tend to be confined to only specific areas of the body. The skull of the early carnivorous dinosaur Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis has pit-like wounds surrounded by swollen and porous bone. The unusual texture of the bone around the wounds suggests they were infected by a short-lived infection. The bite marks may have been caused in a fight with another Herrerasaurus. Other carnivorous dinosaurs with documented evidence of infection include Allosaurus, Tyrannosaurus, and a tyrannosaur from the Kirtland Formation. The infections from both tyrannosaurs were received from being bitten during a fight.
What dinosaur's skull had pit-like wounds surrounded by swollen and porous bone?
{ "text": [ "Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis" ], "answer_start": [ 385 ] }
57343210d058e614000b6ae4_aug
Infection
Evidence of infection in fossil remains is a subject of interest for paleopathologists, scientists who study the occurrence of injuries and illness in extinct life forms. In recent years, signs of infection have been found in the bones of carnivorous dinosaurs. When present, however, these infections tend to be localized within limited areas of the body. A skull attributed to the early carnivorous dinosaur Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis has pit-like wounds surrounded by swollen and porous bone. The unusual texture of the bone around the wounds suggests they were afflicted by a short-lived infection. They believe the bite marks were inflicted in a fight with another Herrerasaurus. Other carnivorous dinosaurs with documented evidence of infection include Allosaurus, Tyrannosaurus and a tyrannosaur from the Kirtland Formation. They would have received their infections by being bitten during a fight, like the Herrerasaurus specimen.
How did tyrannosaurs become infected?
{ "text": [ "being bitten during a fight" ], "answer_start": [ 882 ] }
573443cb879d6814001ca423_aug
Hunting
Hunting can be defined as the killing or capture of any animal with the intent of doing so. Hunting humans or feral animals is commonly done by humans for food, recreation, to remove predators which are dangerous to humans or domestic animals, or for trade. Poaching is illegal, because it involves killing, trapping or capture of the hunted species in the wild. The species that are hunted are usually mammals and birds.
What is the practice of killing or trapping any animal?
{ "text": [ "Hunting" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
573443cb879d6814001ca424_aug
Hunting
Hunting is the practice of killing or tracking an animal with the intent of killing it or tracking it. Hunting wildlife or feral animals is often done by humans for food, recreation, to remove predators which are dangerous to humans or domestic animals, or for trade. Lawful hunting is the use of firearms to hunt the hunting of a given species for its own benefit, or for the benefit of the hunting industry as a whole, or for its own use. Lawful hunting is a sport, which has evolved from traditional hunting techniques to include legal hunting, as well as recreational hunting, which includes the use of guns for hunting, as well as the use of firearms for hunting. The species that are hunted are usually mammals and birds.
Why do humans most commonly hunt wildlife?
{ "text": [ "food" ], "answer_start": [ 165 ] }
573443cb879d6814001ca425_aug
Hunting
Hunting is the practice of killing or tracking an animal in order to obtain information about that animal. Hunting humans and animals is usually done for food, recreation, to remove predators which are dangerous to humans or domestic animals, or for trade. Lawful hunting is different from poaching, which is the illegal killing, trapping or capture of the hunted species. Usually, mammals and birds are hunted because of their game.
What is there a distinction between lawful hunting and?
{ "text": [ "poaching" ], "answer_start": [ 290 ] }
573443cb879d6814001ca426_aug
Hunting
Hunting is the practice of killing or tracking an animal to determine its location. hunting a large number of trophic animals is usually done by humans for food, recreation, to remove predators which are dangerous to humans or domestic animals, or for trade. Lawful hunting is different from poaching, which is the illegal killing, trapping or capture of the hunted species. The species that are hunted are typically mammals and birds.
What is poaching?
{ "text": [ "illegal killing, trapping or capture of the hunted species" ], "answer_start": [ 315 ] }
573443cb879d6814001ca427_aug
Hunting
Hunting is the practice of killing or tracking an animal in order to do so. Humans hunt hunting wildlife and feral animals is mainly done for food, recreation, to remove predators which are dangerous to humans or domestic animals, or for trade. Poaching is a criminal offence under the Wildlife Act of 2002 which is the illegal killing, trapping or capture of the hunted species. In the United States, game or prey are mammals and birds.
What is the species which is hunted referred to as?
{ "text": [ "prey" ], "answer_start": [ 410 ] }
5735ab1adc94161900571efd_aug
Hunting
Hunting is the practice of killing or tracking an animal with the intent of doing so. Hunting wildlife or feral animals is usually done by humans for food, recreation, to remove predators which are dangerous to humans or domestic animals, or for trade. Poaching is the illegal killing, trapping or capture of the hunted species. The species that are hunted are usually mammals and birds, with the exception of some reptiles and fish.
What is the practice of killing or trapping any animal called?
{ "text": [ "Hunting" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
5735ab1adc94161900571efe_aug
Hunting
Hunting is the practice of killing or tracking an animal because it is perceived as an appropriate action. Usually, humans shoot animals for food or recreation, to remove predators which are dangerous to humans or domestic animals, or for trade. In the 2010s, lawful hunting is different from poaching, which is the illegal killing, trapping or capture of the hunted species. The species that are hunted are usually mammals and birds.
When was lawful hunting distinguished from poaching?
{ "text": [ "2010s" ], "answer_start": [ 253 ] }
5735ab1adc94161900571eff_aug
Hunting
Hunting is the act of killing or tracking an animal with the intent of killing it. People hunt a wide variety of animals, including solitary and feral animals, for food, recreation, to remove predators which are dangerous to humans or domestic animals, or for trade. Poaching is the illegal killing, trapping or capture of the hunted species. The species that are hunted are usually mammals and birds.
Illegally killing, capturing or trapping an hunted species is called what?
{ "text": [ "poaching" ], "answer_start": [ 267 ] }
5735ab1adc94161900571f01_aug
Hunting
Hunting is the act of killing or tracking an animal for the purpose of killing it. Hunting humans, mainly for food, recreation, to remove predators which are dangerous to humans or domestic animals, or for trade is usually done in humans for sport, sport, or recreational purposes. Lawful hunting is performed in accordance with the laws and regulations of the sporting activities which are carried out within the public domain. The species that are hunted are usually mammals and birds.
What animals are usually hunted?
{ "text": [ "mammals and birds" ], "answer_start": [ 469 ] }
5735d85d012e2f140011a0b5_aug
Hunting
Hunting is the practice of killing or tracking an animal for pleasure, or to pursue or track it in order to do so. Hunting wild animals is typically done by humans for food, recreation, to remove prey which are dangerous to humans or domestic animals, or for trade. Lawful hunting is the use of firearms to hunt a target species. Poaching is the illegal killing, trapping or capture of a hunted species. The species that are hunted are usually mammals and birds.
What is it called to kill or trap an animal?
{ "text": [ "Hunting" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
5735d85d012e2f140011a0b6_aug
Hunting
Hunting is a sport in which humans try to catch and kill any animal with their intent to do so. Hunting humans and feral animals is often done by humans for food, recreation, to remove predators which are dangerous to humans or domestic animals, or for trade. Lawful hunting is different from poaching, which is the illegal killing, trapping or capture of the hunted species. The species that are hunted are usually mammals and birds.
What species are usually hunted?
{ "text": [ "mammals and birds" ], "answer_start": [ 416 ] }
5735d85d012e2f140011a0b7_aug
Hunting
Hunting is the practice of killing or tracking an animal, in order to obtain information about that animal. Hunting wildlife or feral animals is usually done by humans for food, recreation, to remove predators which are dangerous to humans and domestic animals, or for trade. Poaching is the illegal killing, trapping or capture of the hunted species. The species that are hunted are usually mammals and birds.
Why do humans hunt?
{ "text": [ "food, recreation, to remove predators" ], "answer_start": [ 172 ] }
5735d85d012e2f140011a0b8_aug
Hunting
Hunting is the practice of killing or tracking an animal, so that it can be found and then killed. Hunting humans or feral animals is a common practice in humans for food, recreation, to remove predators which are dangerous to humans or domestic animals, or for trade. In the 2010s, lawful hunting is distinguishing between legal hunting and poaching, which is the illegal killing, trapping or capture of the hunted species. The species that are hunted are usually mammals and birds and are usually game or prey.
When was lawful hunting distinguished from poaching?
{ "text": [ "2010s" ], "answer_start": [ 276 ] }
5735d85d012e2f140011a0b9_aug
Hunting
Hunting is the practice of killing or tracking an animal with the intent of killing it. Usually humans do hunting for sport or for recreation, to remove predators which are dangerous to humans or domestic animals, or to remove animals that are dangerous to humans or domestic animals, or for commercial reasons. Lawful hunting is different from poaching, which is the illegal killing, trapping or capture of a hunted species. The species that are hunted are usually mammals and birds and are usually game or prey.
Species hunted are referred to as what?
{ "text": [ "game or prey" ], "answer_start": [ 500 ] }
5734449aacc1501500babd47_aug
Hunting
Furthermore, evidence exists that hunting may have been one of the multiple environmental factors leading to the extinctions of the holocene megafauna and their replacement by smaller herbivores. Perhaps this suggests that hunting is less critical a factor in prehistoric species loss than had been previously thought. However, in other locations, such as Australia, humans are thought to have played a very significant role in the extinction of the Australian megafauna that was widespread prior to human eradication.
What does evidence suggest hunting may have been a factor in the extinction of?
{ "text": [ "holocene megafauna" ], "answer_start": [ 132 ] }
5734449aacc1501500babd48_aug
Hunting
Furthermore, evidence exists that hunting may have been one of the multiple environmental factors leading to the extinction of the holocene megafauna and their replacement by smaller herbivores. North American megafauna extinction was coincidental with the Younger Dryas impact event, possibly making hunting a less critical factor in the loss of prehistoric species than had been previously thought. However, in other locations such as Australia, humans are thought to have played a very significant role in the extinction of the Australian megafauna that was widespread prior to human occupation.
What was the North American megafauna extinction coincidental with?
{ "text": [ "Younger Dryas impact event" ], "answer_start": [ 257 ] }
5734449aacc1501500babd49_aug
Hunting
Furthermore, evidence exists that hunting may have been one of the multiple environmental factors leading to the extinction of the holocene megafauna and their replacement by smaller herbivores. The extinction of North American megafaunas coincided with the Younger Dryas event, possibly making hunting a less critical factor in prehistoric species loss than had been previously thought. However, in other locations such as Australia, humans are believed to have played a very significant role in the extinction of the Australian megafauna that was widespread prior to human occupation.
What are humans thought to have played a significant role in, in Australia?
{ "text": [ "extinction of the Australian megafauna" ], "answer_start": [ 501 ] }
5734449aacc1501500babd4a_aug
Hunting
Furthermore, evidence exists that hunting may have been one of the multiple environmental factors leading to the extinctions of the holocene megafauna and their replacement by smaller herbivores. At the time of the Younger Dryas event, North American megafauna extinction rates were possibly coincidental with the Younger Dryas event, possibly making hunting a less critical factor in prehistoric species loss than had been previously thought. However, in other locations such as Australia, humans are thought to have played a very significant role in the extinction of Australian megafauna that was widespread prior to human occupation.
When was Australian's megafauna widespread?
{ "text": [ "prior to human occupation" ], "answer_start": [ 611 ] }
5735d9b66c16ec1900b9285d_aug
Hunting
Furthermore, evidence exists that hunting may have been one of the multiple environmental factors leading to the extinctions of the holocene megafauna and their replacement by smaller herbivores. The extinction of North American megafauna was coincidental with the Younger Dryas impact event, possibly making hunting a less significant factor in prehistoric species loss than had been previously thought. However, in other locations such as Australia, humans are thought to have played a very significant role in the extinction of the Australian megafauna that was widespread prior to human colonization.
What along with multiple environmental factors led to the extinction of the holocene megafauna?
{ "text": [ "hunting" ], "answer_start": [ 34 ] }
5735d9b66c16ec1900b9285e_aug
Hunting
Furthermore, evidence exists that hunting may have been one of the multiple environmental factors leading to the extinctions of the holocene megafauna and their replacement by smaller herbivores. The extinction of North American megafauna occurred coincidentally with the Younger Dryas impact event, possibly making hunting a less critical factor in prehistoric species loss than had been previously thought. However, in other locations such as Australia, humans are thought to have played a very significant role in the extinction of the Australian megafauna that was widespread prior to human occupation.
What replaced the holocene megafauna?
{ "text": [ "smaller herbivores" ], "answer_start": [ 176 ] }
5735d9b66c16ec1900b9285f_aug
Hunting
Furthermore, evidence exists that hunting may have been one of the multiple environmental factors leading to the extinctions of the holocene megafauna and their replacement by smaller herbivores. The extinction of North American megafauna species coincided with the Younger Dryas impact event, possibly making hunting a less critical factor in the loss of prehistoric species than had been previously thought. However, in other locations such as Australia, humans are thought to have played a very significant role in the extinction of the Australian megafauna that was widespread prior to human occupation.
What event was coincidental with the North American megafauna extinction?
{ "text": [ "Younger Dryas impact event" ], "answer_start": [ 266 ] }
5735d9b66c16ec1900b92860_aug
Hunting
Furthermore, evidence exists that hunting may have been one of the multiple environmental factors leading to the extinctions of the holocene megafauna and their replacement by smaller herbivores. Possible explanations for this extinction event may include the timing of North American megafauna extinction as well as the Younger Dryas impact event, possibly making hunting a less critical factor in prehistoric species loss than had been previously thought. However, in other locations such as Australia, humans are thought to have played a very significant role in the extinction of the Australian megafauna that was widespread prior to human occupation.
What is thought to have played a significant role in the extinction of the Australian megafauna?
{ "text": [ "humans" ], "answer_start": [ 505 ] }
57344599acc1501500babd63_aug
Hunting
While it is undisputed that early humans were hunters, the importance of this for the emergence of the Homo genus from the earlier Australopithecines, including the production of stone tools and eventually the control of fire are emphasised in the hunting hypothesis and de-emphasised in scenarios that stress omnivory and social interaction, including mating behaviour, as essential in the emergence of human behavioural modernity. Hunting became a theme in stories and myths, as well as rituals such as dance and animal sacrifice.
What is undisputed about early humans?
{ "text": [ "were hunters" ], "answer_start": [ 41 ] }
57344599acc1501500babd64_aug
Hunting
While it is undisputed that early humans were hunters, the importance of this for the emergence of Homo genus from the earlier Australopithecines, including the production of stone tools and eventually the control of fire, are emphasised in the hunting hypothesis and de-emphasised in scenarios that stress omnivory and social interaction, including mating behaviour, as essential in the emergence of human behavioural modernity. Hunting became a theme of stories and myths, as well as rituals such as dance and animal sacrifice.
Hunting was important for the emergence of the Homo genus from what?
{ "text": [ "earlier Australopithecines" ], "answer_start": [ 119 ] }
57344599acc1501500babd65_aug
Hunting
While it is undisputed that early humans were hunters, the importance of this for the emergence of the Homo genus from the earlier Australopithecines, including the production of stone tools and eventually the control of fire, are emphasised in the hunting hypothesis and de-emphasised in scenarios that stress omnivory and social interaction, including mating behaviour, as essential in the emergence of human behavioural modernity. Hunting has been a theme of stories and myths as well as rituals such as dance and animal sacrifice since the arrival of languages, culture, and religion.
Production of stone tools and control of fire were also pushed forward by what?
{ "text": [ "hunting" ], "answer_start": [ 249 ] }
57344599acc1501500babd66_aug
Hunting
While it is undisputed that early humans were hunters, the importance of this for the emergence of the Homo genus from the earlier Australopithecines, including the production of stone tools and eventually the control of fire, are emphasised in the hunting hypothesis and de-emphasised in scenarios that stress omnivory and social interaction, including mating behaviour, as essential in the emergence of human behavioural modernity. Hunting became a theme of stories and myths, as well as rituals such as dance and animal sacrifice.
What became a theme of stories and myths?
{ "text": [ "hunting" ], "answer_start": [ 249 ] }
57344599acc1501500babd67_aug
Hunting
While it is undisputed that early humans were hunters, the importance of this for the emergence of Homo genus from the earlier Australopithecines, including the production of stone tools and eventually the control of fire, are emphasised in the hunting hypothesis and de-emphasised in scenarios that stress omnivory and social interaction, including mating behaviour, as essential in the emergence of human behavioural modernity. Hunting had become a theme of stories and myths, as well as rituals such as dance and animal sacrifice.
Hunting allowed what type of rituals?
{ "text": [ "dance and animal sacrifice" ], "answer_start": [ 506 ] }
5735e8236c16ec1900b92882_aug
Hunting
While it is undisputed that early humans were hunters, the importance of this for the emergence of the Homo genus from the earlier Australopithecines, including the production of stone tools and eventually the control of fire are emphasised in the hunting hypothesis and de-emphasised in scenarios that stress omnivory and social interaction, including mating behaviour, as essential in the emergence of human behavioural modernity. Hunting became a theme of stories and myths, as well as rituals such as dance and animal sacrifice.
What is undisputed about earlier humans?
{ "text": [ "humans were hunters" ], "answer_start": [ 34 ] }
5735e8246c16ec1900b92883_aug
Hunting
While it is undisputed that early humans were hunters, the importance of this for the emergence of the Homo genus from the earlier Australopithecines, including the production of stone tools and eventually the control of fire are emphasised in the hunting hypothesis and de-emphasised in scenarios that stress omnivory and social interaction, including mating behaviour, as essential in the emergence of human behaviour modernity. Hunting has been a theme of stories and myths, as well as rituals such as dance and animal sacrifice.
What did hunting become a theme of?
{ "text": [ "stories and myths" ], "answer_start": [ 459 ] }
5735e8246c16ec1900b92884_aug
Hunting
While it is undisputed that early humans were hunters, the importance of this for the development of the Homo genus from the earlier Australopithecines, including the production of stone tools and later the control of fire, are emphasised in the hunting hypothesis and de-emphasised in scenarios that stress omnivory and social interaction, including mating behaviour, as essential in the emergence of human behavioural modernity. Hunting became a theme of stories and myths, as well as rituals such as dance and animal sacrifice.
Stone tools and control of fire are emphasised in what hypothesis?
{ "text": [ "hunting hypothesis" ], "answer_start": [ 246 ] }
5734465d879d6814001ca463_aug
Hunting
Hunter-gathering lifestyles remained prevalent in some areas of the New World and in Africa and Siberia, as well as in Australia until the European Age of Discovery. These are still found in some tribal societies, though their numbers are declining. Some indigenous peoples of the Amazonas (Aché), some Central and Southern African (San people), some peoples of New Guinea (Fayu), the Mlabri of Thailand and Laos, the Vedda people of Sri Lanka, and a handful of uncontacted peoples. The Hadza are the only remaining full-time hunter-gatherers in Africa. [citation not required]
What type of lifestyle was prevalent in Siberia until the European Age of Discovery?
{ "text": [ "Hunter-gathering" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
5734465d879d6814001ca464_aug
Hunting
Hunter-gathering lifestyles remained widespread in some parts of the New World into the European Age of Discovery. They still exist in some tribal societies, but their numbers are decreasing rapidly. Some indigenous peoples of the Amazonas (Aché), some Central and Southern African (San people), some peoples of New Guinea (Fayu), the Mlabri of Thailand and Laos, the Vedda people of Sri Lanka, and a handful of uncontacted peoples. In Africa, the only remaining full-time hunter-gatherers are the Hadza of Tanzania. [citation not provided]
Where does the hunter-gathering lifestyle persist, though in decline?
{ "text": [ "some tribal societies" ], "answer_start": [ 135 ] }
5734465d879d6814001ca465_aug
Hunting
Hunter-gathering lifestyles continued to be widespread in some parts of the New World and Sub-Saharan Africa, and Siberia, as well as all of Australia, until the European Age of Discovery. They still exist in some tribal societies, though their numbers are diminishing. Peoples that preserved paleolithic hunting-gathering until the recent past include some indigenous peoples of the Amazonas (Ache), some Central and Southern African (San people), some peoples of New Guinea (Fayu), the Mlabri of Thailand and Laos, the Vedda people of Sri Lanka, and a handful of uncontacted peoples. In Africa, the only remaining full-time hunter-gatherers are the Hadza of Tanzania. [citation needed]
Indigenous peoples of the Amazonas preserved what until the recent past?
{ "text": [ "paleolithic hunting-gathering" ], "answer_start": [ 293 ] }
5734465d879d6814001ca466_aug
Hunting
Hunter-gathering lifestyles continued to be widespread in some parts of the New World until the European Age of Discovery. They still exist in certain tribal societies, albeit in rapid decline. Some indigenous peoples of the Amazonas (Ache), some Central and Southern African (San people), some peoples of New Guinea (Fayu), the Mlabri of Thailand and Laos, the Vedda people of Sri Lanka, and a handful of uncontacted peoples. In Africa, the only remaining full-time hunter-gatherers are the Hadza of Tanzania. (citation needed)
Who are the only remaining full-time hunter-gatherers in Africa?
{ "text": [ "the Hadza of Tanzania" ], "answer_start": [ 488 ] }
5735e8736c16ec1900b92888_aug
Hunting
Hunter-gathering lifestyles continued to occur in some parts of the New World, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Siberia, as well as all of Australia until the European Age of Discovery. They still exist in some tribal societies, though in rapid decline. Some indigenous peoples of the Amazonas (Aché), some Central and Southern Africa (San people), some peoples of New Guinea (Fayu), the Mlabri of Thailand and Laos, the Vedda people of Sri Lanka, and a handful of uncontacted peoples. In Africa, the only remaining full-time hunter-gatherers are the Hadza of Tanzania. [citation needed]
Hunter-gathering lifestyles remained prevalent until when?
{ "text": [ "European Age of Discovery" ], "answer_start": [ 150 ] }
5735e8736c16ec1900b92889_aug
Hunting
Hunter-gathering styles remained prevalent in some parts of the New World, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Siberia, as well as all of Australia, until the European Age of Discovery. They still survive in some tribal communities, but are dying out quickly. Some indigenous peoples of the Amazonas (Ache), some Central and Southern African (San people), some peoples of New Guinea (Fayu), the Mlabri of Thailand and Laos, the Vedda people of Sri Lanka, and a handful of uncontacted peoples. In Africa, the only remaining full-time hunter-gatherers are the Hadza of Tanzania. (citation needed)
What parts of the New World did the hunter-gathering lifestyles remain?
{ "text": [ "Sub-Saharan Africa, and Siberia, as well as all of Australia" ], "answer_start": [ 75 ] }
5735e8736c16ec1900b9288a_aug
Hunting
Hunter-gathering is still prevalent today in some parts of the New World, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Siberia, as well as all of Australia, until the European Age of Discovery. They still exist in some tribal societies, though they are dying out. Some indigenous peoples of the Amazonas (Ache), some Central and Southern African (San people), some peoples of New Guinea (Fayu), the Mlabri of Thailand and Laos, the Vedda people of Sri Lanka, and a handful of uncontacted peoples. The only remaining full-time hunter-gatherers are the Hadza of Tanzania that still hunts at night. [citation needed]
Who are the only remaining full-time hunter-gatherers in Africa?
{ "text": [ "Hadza of Tanzania" ], "answer_start": [ 530 ] }
5734477e879d6814001ca46b_aug
Hunting
He rejected the idea that early hominids and early humans were hunters. This view is popular among archaeologists and paleoanthropologists, because it is based on the analysis of the skeleton remains of the consumed animals. He proposed that confrontational scavenging, which involves challenging and scaring off other predators after they have made a kill, could have been the main method of obtaining protein-rich meat by early humans.
What is Louis Binford's profession?
{ "text": [ "Archaeologist" ], "answer_start": [ 99 ] }
5734477e879d6814001ca46c_aug
Hunting
He said that early hominids and early humans were hunters, but this is no longer supported by science. He concluded that hominids and early humans were scavengers, not hunters, and this idea is popular among archaeologists and paleoanthropologists. He believes this could have been the main method of obtaining protein-rich meat by early humans.
What idea did Binford take issue with?
{ "text": [ "that early hominids and early humans were hunters" ], "answer_start": [ 8 ] }
5734477e879d6814001ca46d_aug
Hunting
He said that early hominids and early humans were hunters. This analysis has been used to show that hominids and early humans were scavengers, not hunters, and this idea is popular among archaeologists and paleoanthropologists. Blumenschine proposed the idea of confrontational scavenging, which involves challenging and scaring off other predators after they have made a kill, which he suggests could have been the main method of obtaining protein-rich meat by early humans.
What did Binford conclude humans were instead of hunters?
{ "text": [ "scavengers" ], "answer_start": [ 131 ] }
5734477e879d6814001ca46f_aug
Hunting
The idea was that early hominids and early humans were hunters. It is popular among some archaeologists and paleoanthropologists, and it is supported by the analysis of the remains of the animals he consumed. He suggested that confrontational scavenging, which involves challenging and scaring off other predators after they have made a kill, which he suggests could have been the most common way of obtaining protein-rich meat by early humans.
What does confrontational scavenging involve doing to other predators after they've made a kill?
{ "text": [ "challenging and scaring off" ], "answer_start": [ 270 ] }
5735e8d3012e2f140011a0d2_aug
Hunting
The idea that early hominids and early humans were hunters was rejected by archaeologist Louis Binford. These findings are in line with the view of some archaeologists and paleoanthropologists that hominids and early humans were mostly scavengers, not hunters, and this idea is popular among some archaeologists and paleoanthropologists. He suggests that this method of obtaining protein-rich meat by early humans might have been the most successful method of obtaining protein-rich meat by early humans.
Who is the archaeologist that does not believe early humans were hunters?
{ "text": [ "Louis Binford" ], "answer_start": [ 89 ] }
5735e8d3012e2f140011a0d3_aug
Hunting
He rejected the idea that early hominids and early humans were hunters. In his article "The Skeletal Remains of the Consumed Animals", Hale concluded that hominids and early humans were mostly scavengers, not hunters, and this idea is popular among archaeologists and paleoanthropologists. He suggests this method of obtaining protein-rich meat by early humans could have been the main method of obtaining protein-rich meat by early humans.
Louis Binford concluded what based on skeletal remains of consumed animals?
{ "text": [ "hominids and early humans were mostly scavengers" ], "answer_start": [ 155 ] }
5735e8d3012e2f140011a0d4_aug
Hunting
He challenged the popular idea that early hominids and early humans were hunters. This idea is popular among some archaeologists and paleoanthropologists. He suggests that confrontational scavenging, which involves challenging and scaring off other predators after they have made a kill, could have been the most efficient way of obtaining protein-rich meat by early humans.
What did Robert Blumenschine propose?
{ "text": [ "confrontational scavenging" ], "answer_start": [ 172 ] }
5735e8d3012e2f140011a0d5_aug
Hunting
He suggests that early hominids and early humans were hunters. In his report, he concluded that hominids and early humans were mostly scavengers, not hunters, and this idea is popular among some archaeologists and paleoanthropologists. He states that confrontational scavenging, which involves challenging and scaring off other predators after they have made a kill, could have been the leading method of obtaining protein-rich meat by early humans.
Louis Binford's idea is popular among whom?
{ "text": [ "archaeologists and paleoanthropologists" ], "answer_start": [ 195 ] }
5735e8d3012e2f140011a0d6_aug
Hunting
The archaeologist Louis Binford disagreed with the idea that early hominids and early humans were hunters. This opinion has become popular among some archaeologists and paleoanthropologists. He suggested that this method of obtaining protein-rich meat by early humans could have been the primary method of obtaining protein-rich meat by challenging and scaring off other predators after they had made a kill.
Confrontational scavenging involves doing what to other predators?
{ "text": [ "challenging and scaring off" ], "answer_start": [ 337 ] }
573447e4879d6814001ca475_aug
Hunting
Even as animal domestication became relatively widespread and agriculture developed, hunting was usually a significant contributor to human food supply. supplementary meat and materials from hunting included protein, bone for implements, sinew for cordage, fur, feathers, rawhide and leather used in clothing. Man's earliest hunting weapons would have included rocks, spears, the atlatl, and bows and arrows. Hunting is still important in marginal habitats, especially those unsuitable for pastoral uses or agriculture, and large numbers of these are found in rural areas. For example, Inuit people in the Arctic hunt animals for clothing and use the skins of sea mammals to make kayaks, clothing, and footwear.
What was a significant contributor to the human food supply?
{ "text": [ "hunting" ], "answer_start": [ 85 ] }
573447e5879d6814001ca476_aug
Hunting
Hunting has always been a major contributor to people's food supply, even as animal domestication became relatively widespread and after the development of agriculture. The supplementary meat and materials from hunting included protein, bone for implements, sinew for cordage, fur, feathers, rawhide and leather used in clothing. The earliest hunting weapons were rocks, spears, the atlatl, and bows and arrows. Hunting is still important in marginal areas, especially those unsuitable for pastoral uses or agriculture, and in some cases, particularly those unsuitable for pastoral uses or agriculture. For example, Inuit people in the Arctic hunt animals for clothing and use the skins of sea mammals to make kayaks, clothing, and footwear.
What did the supplementary meat from hunting include?
{ "text": [ "protein, bone for implements, sinew for cordage, fur, feathers, rawhide and leather" ], "answer_start": [ 228 ] }
573447e5879d6814001ca477_aug
Hunting
Even as animal domestication became relatively widespread and after the development of agriculture, hunting was usually a significant contributor to the human food supply. The supplementary meat and materials from hunting included protein, bone for implements, sinew for cordage, fur, feathers and rawhide, as well as leather used for clothing. Man's earliest hunting weapons would have included rocks, spears, the atlatl, and bows and arrows. Hunting is still important in marginal habitats, especially those unsuitable for pastoral uses or agriculture, and in some cases even those not in use for hunting. In the Arctic, the Inuit people hunt animals for clothing and use the skins of sea mammals to make kayaks, clothing, and footwear.
What was the leather from hunting used for?
{ "text": [ "clothing" ], "answer_start": [ 335 ] }
573447e5879d6814001ca478_aug
Hunting
Even as animal domestication became relatively widespread and after the development of agriculture, hunting was usually a significant contributor to the human food supply. The supplementary meat and materials from hunting included protein, bone for implements, sinew for cordage, fur, feathers, rawhide and leather used in clothing. Man's earliest hunting weapons would have included rocks, spears and the atlatl. Hunting is still important in marginal habitats, especially those unsuitable for pastoral use or agriculture, and in some areas where hunting is still significant. The Inuit people in the Arctic hunt animals for clothing and use the skins of sea mammals to make kayaks, clothing, and footwear.
Rocks and spears are examples of some of man's earliest what?
{ "text": [ "hunting weapons" ], "answer_start": [ 348 ] }
5735ec17012e2f140011a0dc_aug
Hunting
Even as animal domestication became relatively widespread and after the development of agriculture, hunting was usually a significant contributor to human food supply. The supplementary meat and materials from hunting included protein, bone for implements, sinew for cordage, fur, feathers and rawhide which was used in clothing. The earliest weapons that man used for hunting were spears, rocks, spears and atlatls. Hunting is still important in many habitats, especially in those unsuitable for pastoral use or agriculture, but which are still hunted. The Inuit people in the Arctic hunt animals for clothing and use the skins of sea mammals to make kayaks, clothing, and footwear.
Hunt was a significant contributor to what?
{ "text": [ "human food supply" ], "answer_start": [ 149 ] }
5735ec17012e2f140011a0df_aug
Hunting
Even as animal domestication became relatively widespread and after the development of agriculture, hunting was usually a major contributor to human food supply. The supplementary meat and materials from hunting included protein, bone for implements, sinew for cordage, fur, feathers, rawhide and leather used in clothing. Man's earliest hunting weapons were spears, spears, the atlatl and bows and arrows. Hunting is still important in marginal environments, especially those unsuitable for pastoral use or agriculture, and hunting is still vital in some areas. For instance, Inuit people in the Arctic hunt animals for clothing and use the skins of sea mammals to make kayaks, clothing, and footwear.
How are the skins of sea mammals useful for people in the Arctic trap?
{ "text": [ "make kayaks, clothing, and footwear" ], "answer_start": [ 666 ] }
57344892879d6814001ca47f_aug
Hunting
King of the Dead are often depicted as hunters of big game such as lions and are often portrayed hunting from a war chariot. The cultural and psychological importance of hunting in ancient societies is expressed by deities such as the horned god Cernunnos and lunar goddesses of classical antiquity. Taboos are often related to hunting, and mythological association of prey species with a divinity could be reflected in hunting restrictions. Euripides' story of Artemis and Actaeon, for example, may be seen as cautioning against disrespect of prey or profane boasting.
What are kings often depicted as on ancient reliefs?
{ "text": [ "hunters" ], "answer_start": [ 39 ] }
57344892879d6814001ca480_aug
Hunting
Kings are often depicted as hunters of big game such as lions and are often portrayed hunting from a war chariot. In ancient cultures, hunting was a very important activity due to the presence of gods and goddesses who provided companionship and support to hunters. Taboos are often related to hunting, and mythological association of prey species with a divinity could be reflected in hunting restrictions. It may be seen as a caution against disrespect of prey or impudent boasting.
What are the kings portrayed as hunting?
{ "text": [ "big game" ], "answer_start": [ 39 ] }
57344892879d6814001ca481_aug
Hunting
Kings are often depicted as hunters of big game such as lions and are often depicted hunting from a war chariot. The cultural and psychological importance of hunting in ancient societies is represented by deities such as the horned god Cernunnos and lunar goddesses of classical antiquity, the Greek Artemis or Roman Diana. Taboos are often related to hunting, and mythological association of prey species with a divinity could be reflected in hunting restrictions. This warning should be seen in the warning against disrespect of prey or unseemly boasting.
How was the cultural importance of hunting in ancient societies represented?
{ "text": [ "by deities" ], "answer_start": [ 202 ] }
57344892879d6814001ca482_aug
Hunting
Kings are often depicted as hunters of big game such as lions and are often portrayed hunting from a war chariot. It was also represented by deities such as the horned god Cernunnos and lunar goddesses of classical antiquity, such as Artemis or Roman Diana. Taboos are often related to hunting, and mythological association of prey species with a divinity could be reflected in hunting restrictions such as those around a temple. Euripides' telling of Artemis and Actaeon, for example, can be seen as a caution against disrespect of prey or improper boasting.
What could the mythological association of prey species with divinity be a form of?
{ "text": [ "hunting restrictions" ], "answer_start": [ 378 ] }
57344892879d6814001ca483_aug
Hunting
King of Great Game kings were often depicted as hunters of big game such as lions and are often portrayed hunting from a war chariot. The cultural and psychological importance of hunting in ancient societies is represented by deities such as the horned god Cernunnos and lunar goddesses of classical antiquity. Taboos are often related to hunting, and mythological association of prey species with a divinity could be reflected in hunting restrictions such as those surrounding a temple. Euripides' tale of Artemis and Actaeon, for example, can be seen as warning against disrespect of prey or unseemly boasting.
What might the meaning of Euripides' tale be seen as a caution against?
{ "text": [ "disrespect of prey" ], "answer_start": [ 572 ] }
5735f37c6c16ec1900b9288e_aug
Hunting
Kings are often depicted as hunters of big game such as lions and are often portrayed hunting from a war chariot. The cultural and psychological importance of hunting in ancient societies is represented by deities such as the horned god Cernunnos and lunar goddesses of classical antiquity, the Greek Artemis or Roman Diana. Taboos are often related to hunting, and mythological association of prey species with a divinity could be reflected in hunting restrictions such as a reserve surrounding a temple. Euripides' story of Artemis and Actaeon, for example, can be seen as advice to avoid disrespecting prey or boasting.
Kings were depicted as hunting what big game from a chariot?
{ "text": [ "lions" ], "answer_start": [ 56 ] }
5735f37c6c16ec1900b9288f_aug
Hunting
Kings are often depicted as hunters of big game such as lions and are often portrayed hunting from a war chariot. The cultural and psychological importance of hunting in ancient societies is represented by deities such as the horned god Cernunnos and lunar goddesses of classical antiquity, such as Artemis or Roman Diana. Taboos are often related to hunting, and mythological association of prey species with a divinity could be reflected in hunting restrictions such as those placed around a temple. Euripides' tale of Artemis and Actaeon, for example, may be seen as a caution against disrespect of prey or unseemly boasting.
What is often related to hunting?
{ "text": [ "Taboos" ], "answer_start": [ 323 ] }
5735f37c6c16ec1900b92890_aug
Hunting
Kings are often depicted as hunters of big game and are often portrayed hunting from a war chariot. The cultural and psychological importance of hunting in ancient societies is represented by deities such as Cernunnos and the moon goddesses, Artemisi and Diana. Taboos are often related to hunting, and mythological association of prey species with divinity could be reflected in hunting restrictions such as a reserve surrounding a temple. The warning against disrespect of prey or impudent boasting is that Euripides' story of Artemis and Actaeon is seen as a caution against disrespect of prey or poor presentation.
Deities represent what importance?
{ "text": [ "cultural and psychological" ], "answer_start": [ 104 ] }
5735f37c6c16ec1900b92891_aug
Hunting
In ancient reliefs, kings are often depicted as hunters of big game such as lions and are often portrayed hunting from a war chariot. The cultural and psychological importance of hunting in ancient societies is represented by gods such as Cernunnos, Artemis, or Diana. Taboos are often related to hunting, and mythological association of prey species with a divinity could be reflected in hunting restrictions such as those surrounding a temple. Euripides' tale of Artemis and Actaeon, for example, can be seen as warning against disrespect of prey or profanity.
What tale is seen as cautions against disrespecting prey or impudent boasting?
{ "text": [ "Euripides' tale of Artemis and Actaeon" ], "answer_start": [ 446 ] }
573449b1acc1501500babd99_aug
Hunting
In most parts of Medieval Europe, the upper classes obtained sole rights to hunt in certain areas of feudal land. Game in these areas was used as a source of food and furs, often provided via professional huntsmen, but it was also expected to provide a form of recreation for the aristocracy. This proprietary view of game can be seen in the Robin Hood legends, where one of the primary charges against the outlaws is that they "hunt the King's deer". Similarly, settlers in Anglophone colonies pride themselves on hunting for all.
Who in medieval Europe obtained the sole rights to hunt in certain areas of a feudal territory?
{ "text": [ "the upper class" ], "answer_start": [ 34 ] }
573449b1acc1501500babd9a_aug
Hunting
In most parts of Medieval Europe, the upper class obtained sole rights to hunt in certain areas of feudal lands. Game in these areas was used as a source of food and furs, often provided by professional huntsmen. SEP> Game in these areas was also expected to provide a form of entertainment for the aristocracy. In the Robin Hood legends, one of the primary charges against the outlaws is that they "hunt the King's deer". settlers in Anglophone colonies proudly promoted hunting for all.
What was game in the areas used by the upper class used as a source of?
{ "text": [ "food and furs" ], "answer_start": [ 157 ] }
573449b1acc1501500babd9b_aug
Hunting
In most parts of medieval Europe, the upper class received sole rights to hunt in certain areas of feudal land. Game in these areas was used as a source of food and furs, often provided via professional huntsmen, but it was also expected to provide a form of recreation for the aristocracy. In the Robin Hood legends, in which one of the primary charges against the outlaws is that they "hunt the King's deer". settlers in Anglophone colonies proudly supported hunting for all.
What legends show the importance of the proprietary view of game as held by the nobles?
{ "text": [ "Robin Hood" ], "answer_start": [ 298 ] }
573449b1acc1501500babd9c_aug
Hunting
In most parts of medieval Europe the upper class obtained sole rights to hunt in certain areas of feudal land. Game in these areas was used as a source of food and furs, often provided via professional huntsmen, but it was also expected to provide a form of entertainment for the aristocracy. The Robin Hood legends, for instance, in which one of the primary charges against the outlaws is that they "hunt the King's deer". Survivors in Anglophone colonies, on the other hand, pride themselves on hunting for all.
What is one of the primary charges against the outlaws in the legend?
{ "text": [ "they \"hunt the King's deer" ], "answer_start": [ 395 ] }
573449b1879d6814001ca491_aug
Hunting
In most parts of Medieval Europe the upper class gained sole rights to hunt in certain areas of feudal land. Game in these areas was used as a source of food and furs, often provided via professional huntsmen, but it was also expected to provide a form of entertainment for the aristocracy. The importance of this proprietary view of game can be seen in the Robin Hood legends, where one of the primary charges against the outlaws is that they hunt the King's deer. In contrast, settlers in Anglophone colonies proudly supported hunting for all.
Who in medieval Europe obtained the sole rights to hunt in certain areas of a feudal territory?
{ "text": [ "the upper class" ], "answer_start": [ 33 ] }
573449b1879d6814001ca492_aug
Hunting
In most parts of medieval Europe the upper classes acquired sole rights to hunt in certain areas of feudal land. Game in these areas was used as a source of food and furs, and was often provided via professional huntsmen, but it was also expected to provide a form of entertainment for the aristocracy. The importance of this proprietary view of game can be seen in the Robin Hood legends, in which one of the primary charges against the outlaws is that they "hunt the King's deer". Similarly, settlers in Anglophone colonies pride themselves on hunting for all.
What was game in the areas used by the upper class used as a source of?
{ "text": [ "food and furs" ], "answer_start": [ 157 ] }
573449b1879d6814001ca493_aug
Hunting
In most parts of Medieval Europe, the highly privileged had exclusive rights to hunt in certain areas of feudal land. Game in these areas was used as a source of food and furs, often provided via professional hunters, but it was also expected to provide a form of recreation. The importance of this proprietary view of game can be seen in the Robin Hood legends, where one of the primary charges against the outlaws is that they "hunt the King's deer". They gloated in hunting for all.
What legends show the importance of the proprietary view of game as held by the nobles?
{ "text": [ "Robin Hood" ], "answer_start": [ 343 ] }
573449b1879d6814001ca494_aug
Hunting
In most parts of Medieval Europe, the upper classes obtained sole rights to hunt in certain areas of feudal land. Game in these areas was used as a source of food and furs, often provided via professional huntsmen, but it was also expected to provide a form of recreation for the aristocracy. The importance of this proprietary view of game can be seen in the Robin Hood legends, where one of the primary charges against the outlaws is that they "hunt the King's deer". The colonies, however, pride themselves on their democratic approach to hunting for all.
What is one of the primary charges against the outlaws in the legend?
{ "text": [ "they \"hunt the King's deer" ], "answer_start": [ 441 ] }
5735f68a012e2f140011a0fc_aug
Hunting
In most parts of medieval Europe, the upper classes obtained sole rights to hunt in certain areas of feudal land. Game in these areas was used as a source of food and furs, often provided via professional huntsmen, but it was also expected to provide a form of recreation for the aristocracy. The Robin Hood legends, for example, have a primary charge against the outlaws who are said to hunt the King's deer. Amongst Anglophone colonies, they promoted hunting for all.
In medieval Europe who obtained sole rights to hunt in certain areas?
{ "text": [ "upper class" ], "answer_start": [ 38 ] }
5735f68a012e2f140011a0fd_aug
Hunting
In most parts of medieval Europe, the upper classes obtained sole rights to hunt in certain areas of feudal territory. Game in these areas was used as a source of food and furs, often provided via professional huntsmen. This view of games is especially evident in the Robin Hood legends, where one of the primary charges against the outlaws is that they "hunt the King's deer". settlers in Anglophone colonies pride themselves on hunting for all.
What was the game in feudal territory was used as?
{ "text": [ "food and furs" ], "answer_start": [ 163 ] }
5735f68a012e2f140011a0fe_aug
Hunting
In most parts of medieval Europe, the upper class obtained the sole rights to hunt in certain areas of feudal territory. Game in these areas was used as a source of food and furs, often provided via professional huntsmen, but it was also expected to provide a form of recreation for the aristocracy. The importance of this proprietary view of game can be seen in the Robin Hood legends, in which one of the primary charges against the outlaws is that they "hunt the King's deer". On the other hand, settlers in Anglophone colonies proudly supported hunting for all.
Who provided the game obtained in feudal territory?
{ "text": [ "professional huntsmen" ], "answer_start": [ 199 ] }
5735f68a012e2f140011a0ff_aug
Hunting
They were able to obtain sole rights to hunt in certain areas of feudal land. Game in these areas was used as a source of food and furs, often provided via professional huntsmen, but it was also expected to provide a form of entertainment for the aristocracy. The importance of this proprietary view of game can be seen in the Robin Hood legends, in which one of the primary charges against the outlaws is that they "hunt the King's deer". While colonists in Anglophone colonies gloated in hunting for all, many settlers in the United States did not participate in this process.
The importance of can be seen in what legends?
{ "text": [ "Robin Hood" ], "answer_start": [ 327 ] }
5735f68a012e2f140011a100_aug
Hunting
In most parts of medieval Europe the upper classes acquired exclusive rights to hunt in certain areas of feudal land. Game in these areas was used as a source of food and furs, often provided via professional huntsmen, but it was also expected to provide a form of entertainment for the aristocracy. In the Robin Hood legends, where one of the primary charges against the outlaws is that they "hunt the King's deer", this view of play is important. Similarly, settlers in Anglophone colonies promoted hunting for all.
Who did Anglophone colonies democratically glorify hunting for?
{ "text": [ "all" ], "answer_start": [ 513 ] }
57344a29879d6814001ca4a1_aug
Hunting
Hunting is considered an acceptable occupation in Hinduism, as well as a sport of the kingly. Even people considered godly are described to have engaged in hunting. One of Shiva's names is Mrigavyadha, which means "the deer hunter" in Hindi. The word Mriga in many Indian languages including Malayalam is not only for deer, it is also for all animals and animal instincts. Shiva, as Mrigavyadha, is the one who destroys the animal instincts in human beings. The father of Rama is said to have the ability to hunt in the dark. During one of his hunting expeditions, he accidentally killed Shravana, mistaking him for game. During Rama's exile in the forest, Ravana kidnapped his wife Sita. Meanwhile, Rama was asked by Sita to capture a golden deer, and his brother Lakshman went after him. Pandu, the father of Pandavas, accidentally killed Kindama and his wife with an arrow, mistaking them for a deer. He was said to have died after being accidentally wounded by an arrow of a hunter.
What kind of occupation do Hindu scriptures describe hunting as being?
{ "text": [ "acceptable" ], "answer_start": [ 25 ] }
57344a29879d6814001ca4a2_aug
Hunting
According to Indian scriptures hunting is an acceptable occupation, and a sport. Even figures thought godly were described to have engaged in hunting. "The deer hunter" is one of the names of Shiva. The word Mriga, in many Indian languages including Malayalam, not only stands for deer but also for all animals and animal instincts (Mriga Thrishna). Shiva, as Mrigavyadha, is the one who removes the animal instincts in human beings. Dasharatha, the father of Rama, is said to have the ability to hunt in the dark. During one of his hunting expeditions, he accidentally killed Shravana, mistaking him for game. During Rama's exile in the forest, Ravana kidnapped his wife Sita, while Rama was asked by Sita to capture a golden deer. The Mahabharat says that Pandu accidentally killed the sage Kindama and his wife with an arrow because he mistook them for a deer. Krishna is said to have died after being accidentally wounded by an arrow of a hunter.
What is one of the names of the god Shiva?
{ "text": [ "Mrigavyadha" ], "answer_start": [ 360 ] }
57344a29879d6814001ca4a3_aug
Hunting
Hunting is considered an acceptable occupation in Hindu scriptures. Even figures considered godly were described to have engaged in hunting. The name of Shiva is Mrigavyadha, which means "the deer hunter". The word Mriga, in many Indian languages including Malayalam, not only stands for deer, but for all animals and animal instincts. Shiva is the one who destroys the animal instincts in human beings. He was said to have the ability to hunt in the dark, and thus he was called Rasharatha. During one of his hunting expeditions, he accidentally killed Shravana, mistaking him for game. He had been kidnapped by Ravana, and Rama had been asked by Sita to catch a golden deer, and his brother Lakshman had gone after him. Pandu, the father of the Pandavas, accidentally killed the sage Kindama and his wife with an arrow mistaking them for a deer. Krishna is said to have died after being accidentally wounded by an arrow of a hunter.
What is the translation of Mrigavyadha?
{ "text": [ "\"the deer hunter\"" ], "answer_start": [ 187 ] }
57344a29879d6814001ca4a4_aug
Hunting
Hindu scriptures describe hunting as an acceptable occupation, as well as a sport of the kingly. Even figures considered godly are described to have engaged in hunting. One of Shiva's names is Mrigavyadha, which means "the deer hunter". The word Mriga, in many Indian languages, not only stands for deer but for all animals and animal instincts (Mriga Thrishna). Shiva is the one who destroys all animal instincts in human beings. He is said to be the father of Rama. His mistaking of Shravana for game caused him to be accidentally killed. Ravana kidnapped his wife, Sita, during Rama's exile in the forest. In the meantime, Rama had been asked by Sita to capture a golden deer, and his brother Lakshman went after him. Pandu, the father of the Pandavas, accidentally killed sage Kindama and his wife with an arrow. Krishna is said to have died after being accidentally wounded by an arrow.
What does Shiva destroy in human beings?
{ "text": [ "animal instincts" ], "answer_start": [ 328 ] }
57344a29879d6814001ca4a5_aug
Hunting
Hunting is considered an acceptable occupation in Hindu scriptures. Even figures considered godly are described to have engaged in hunting. One of the names of the Hindu Shiva is "the deer hunter", and hence the name Shiva. The word Mriga, in many Indian languages including Malayalam, not only stands for deer, but for all animals and animal instincts (Mriga Thrishna). Shiva (Mrigavyadha), the one who destroys the animal instincts in human beings. He is said to have the ability to hunt in the dark. During one of his hunting expeditions, he accidentally killed Shravana, mistaking him for game. During Rama's exile in the forest, Ravana kidnapped his wife Sita, while Rama was asked by Sita to capture a golden deer, and his brother Lakshman went after him. He accidentally killed the sage Kindama and his wife with an arrow, mistaking them for a deer. Krishna is said to have died after being accidentally wounded by an arrow of a hunter.
What talent does Dasharatha have?
{ "text": [ "hunt in the dark" ], "answer_start": [ 485 ] }
5735f8bc012e2f140011a106_aug
Hunting
Hindu scriptures describe hunting as an acceptable occupation, as well as a sport of the kingly. Even figures considered holy are described to have engaged in hunting. The name Shiva is derived from the Greek words'mrigavyadha', which means 'the hunter'. The word Mriga, in many Indian languages including Malayalam, not only stands for deer but for all animals and animal instincts. Shiva, as Mrigavyadha is the one who destroys all animal instincts in human beings. This is because the ancient Indian, Dasharatha, was said to be able to hunt in the dark. During one of his hunting expeditions, he accidentally killed Shravana, mistaking him for game. During Rama's exile in the forest, Ravana kidnapped his wife, Sita, and asked Rama to capture a golden deer. It is believed that Pandu, the father of the Pandavas, accidentally killed the sage Kindama and his wife with an arrow mistakenly thinking that they were deer. Krishna is said to have died after being accidentally wounded by an arrow.
What scriptures describe hunting as and acceptable occupation?
{ "text": [ "Hindu" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
5735f8bc012e2f140011a107_aug
Hunting
Hunting is considered an acceptable occupation in Hindu scriptures, as well as a sport of the kingly. Even figures considered godly are described to have engaged in hunting. A Shiva named Mrigavyadha means "the deer hunter". The word Mriga, in many Indian languages including Malayalam, not only stands for deer, but for all animals and animal instincts. Shiva, as Mrigavyadha, is the one who destroys all animal instincts in human beings. In the epic Ramayana, the father of Rama is said to be able to hunt in the dark. During one of his hunting expeditions, he accidentally killed Shravana, mistaking him for game. During Rama's exile in the forest, Ravana kidnapped his wife, Sita, from their hut. Meanwhile, Rama was asked by Sita to capture a golden deer, and his brother Lakshman went after him. Pandu accidentally killed Kindama and his wife with an arrow, mistaking them for a deer. Krishna is said to have died after being accidentally wounded by an arrow of a hunter.
Godly figures have engaged in what activity?
{ "text": [ "hunting" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
5735f8bc012e2f140011a108_aug
Hunting
Hunting is an accepted occupation in Hindu scriptures, as well as a sport of the kingly. Even figures considered godly are described to have engaged in hunting. One of the names of Shiva is Mrigavyadha, meaning the deer hunter. The word Mriga, in many Indian languages including Malayalam, not only stands for deer but also for all animals and animal instincts. Shiva, as Mrigavyadha is the one who destroys the animal instincts in human beings. After the death of Rama, his father Dasharatha is said to have had the ability to hunt in the dark. During one of his hunting expeditions, he accidentally killed Shravana, mistaking him for game. During Rama's exile in the forest, Ravana kidnapped his wife Sita, and Rama was asked by Sita to capture a golden deer, and his brother Lakshman went after him. Pandu the father of the Pandavas accidentally killed the sage Kindama and his wife with an arrow, mistaking them for a deer. It is said that Krishna died after being accidentally wounded by an arrow of a hunter.
Mrigavyadha means what?
{ "text": [ "deer hunter" ], "answer_start": [ 215 ] }
5735f8bc012e2f140011a109_aug
Hunting
Hunting has been thought of as an acceptable occupation in Hindu scriptures, as well as a sport of the kingly. Even figures considered holy are described to have engaged in hunting. The name of Shiva is "the deer hunter" (mriga means deer; vyadha means hunter). The word Mriga, in many Indian languages including Malayalam, not only stands for deer, but for all animals and animal instincts. Shiva, as Mrigavyadha, is the one who destroys the animal instincts in human beings. In the epic Ramayana, the father of Rama is said to have been able to hunt in the dark. He accidentally killed Shravana, mistaking him for game. Rama was kidnapped by Ravana during his exile in the forest, while Sita asked Rama to capture a golden deer, and Rama was asked by Sita to capture the deer. His father, Pandu, accidentally killed the sage Kindama and his wife with an arrow, mistaking them for a deer. Krishna is said to have died after being accidentally wounded by an arrow of a hunter.
Mrigavyadha destroys animal instinct in who?
{ "text": [ "human beings" ], "answer_start": [ 463 ] }
5735f8bc012e2f140011a10a_aug
Hunting
Hunting is considered by Hindu scriptures to be an acceptable occupation. Even figures considered godly are described to have engaged in hunting. One of the names of Shiva is Mrigavyadha, which in English means "the deer hunter". The word Mriga, in Indian languages including Malayalam, not only is deer, but also all animals and animal instincts (Mriga Thrishna). Shiva, as Mrigavyadha is the one who destroys all animal instincts in human beings. In the epic Ramayana, the father of Rama, is said to have the ability to hunt in the dark. During one of his hunting expeditions, he accidentally killed Shravana, mistaking him for game. During Rama's exile in the forest, Ravana kidnapped his wife, Sita, from their hut. Meanwhile, Rama was asked by Sita to capture a golden deer, and his brother Lakshman went after him. Pandu, the father of the Pandavas, accidentally killed the sage Kindama and his wife with an arrow, mistaking them for a deer. He is said to have died after being accidentally wounded by an arrow of a hunter.
What happened after Krishna was accidentally wounded by an arrow of a hunter?
{ "text": [ "died" ], "answer_start": [ 967 ] }
57344adb879d6814001ca4b7_aug
Hunting
Roman Catholic Church clerics have been forbidden from hunting since early Christian times. Thus the Corpus Juris Canonici, C. ii, X, De cleric. venat.) He also says, "We forbid all servants of God to hunt and travel in the woods with hounds, and we also forbid them to keep hawks or falcons." "We interdict hunting or hawking to all clerics." The decree of the Council of Trent is more mild: "Let clerics abstain from illicit hunting and hawking" (Sess. XXIV, De reform., c. xii), which seems to imply that not all hunting is illicit, and canonists generally make a distinction declaring noisy (clamorosa) hunting unlawful, but not quiet (quieta) hunting.
Who has hunting been forbidden to since early Christian times?
{ "text": [ "Roman Catholic Church clerics" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
57344adb879d6814001ca4b8_aug
Hunting
Canon law requires that Catholic clergy be prohibited from hunting. Thus the Corpus Juris Canonici (C. ii, X, De cleric. venat.) The Old Testament says, "We forbid all servants of God to hunt and travel through the woods with hounds, and we also forbid them to keep hawks or falcons." "We interdict hunting or hawking to all clerics." The Council of Trent decree was more mild: "Let clerics abstain from illicit hunting and hawking" (Sess. XXIV, De reform., c. xii), which seems to imply that not all hunting is illicit, and canonists generally make a distinction declaring noisy (clamorosa) hunting unlawful, but not quiet (quieta) hunting.
Who forbid to all servants of God hunting?
{ "text": [ "Corpus Juris Canonici" ], "answer_start": [ 77 ] }
57344adb879d6814001ca4ba_aug
Hunting
From early Christian times, hunting has been forbidden to priests and monks. Thus the Corpus Juris Canonici (C. ii, X, De cleric. The Venat.) He says, "We forbid all servants of God hunting and expeditions through the woods with hounds, and we also forbid them to keep hawks or falcons." "We interdict hunting or hawking to all clerics," the Fourth Council of the Lateran declared. The decree of the Council of Trent is more mild, "Let clerics abstain from illicit hunting and hawking" (Sess. XXIV, De reform., c. xii), which seems to imply that not all hunting is illicit, and canonists generally make a distinction declaring noisy (clamorosa) hunting unlawful, but not quiet (quieta) hunting.
What does the decree of the Council of Trent imply?
{ "text": [ "not all hunting is illicit" ], "answer_start": [ 546 ] }
57344adb879d6814001ca4bb_aug
Hunting
From early Christian times, hunting has been forbidden to Catholic Church members. Thus the Corpus Juris Canonici (C. ii, X, De cleric. Venat.) The prohibition says, "We forbid all servants of God hunting and expeditions through the woods with hounds; and we also forbid them to keep hawks or falcons." "We interdict hunting or hawking to all clerics," the Fourth Council of the Lateran decreed (canon xv). "Let clerics abstain from illicit hunting and hawking" (Sess. XXIV, De reform., c. xii), which seems to imply that not all hunting is illicit, and canonists generally make a distinction declaring noisy (clamorosa) hunting unlawful, but not quiet (quieta) hunting.
What type of hunting is unlawful?
{ "text": [ "clamorosa" ], "answer_start": [ 610 ] }
5735fcb96c16ec1900b928c8_aug
Hunting
For Catholics, hunting has been forbidden since the time of St. John the Evangelist. Thus the Corpus Juris Canonici (C. ii, X, De cleric. The Venat.) The Law states, "We forbid all servants of God hunting and expeditions through the woods with hounds, and we also forbid them to keep hawks or falcons." "We interdict hunting or hawking to all clerics," the Fourth Council of the Lateran decreed. The decree of the Council of Trent is more gentle: "Let clerics abstain from illicit hunting and hawking" (Sess. XXIV, De reform., c. xii), which seems to imply that not all hunting is illicit, and canonists generally make a distinction declaring noisy (clamorosa) hunting unlawful, but not quiet (quieta) hunting.
What forbid hunting in the woods with hounds and keeping hawks or falcons?
{ "text": [ "Corpus Juris Canonici" ], "answer_start": [ 94 ] }