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104/paper.pdf

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104/replication_package/Replication/Data/HunanCntyYr.dta

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104/replication_package/Replication/Data/NationalCntyYr.dta

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104/replication_package/Replication/Data/OfficialYear.dta

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104/replication_package/Replication/Data/ThreeRivers.dta

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104/replication_package/Replication/Programs/All_in_One.do

@@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+************************************
+************************************
+************************************ This dofile could generate key tables and figures in the paper
+************************************ in the order which they are cited in the text
+************************************
+************************************
+
+clear
+
+
+*********
+********* Change directory to Replication\
+*********
+cd D:\Dropbox\Xiangjun\FinalFiles\Replication\
+
+
+
+
+log using "Results\All_in_One.log", replace 
+
+********************************************************************************
+
+******** Table 1: Summary Statistics 
+
+
+do Programs\Table_1.do
+
+
+******** Table A3: Elite Connections and Other Characteristics cross Counties
+
+
+do Programs\Appendix_Table_A3.do
+
+
+******** Figure 3. Motivational Evidence on Elite Networks and Soldier Deaths: Raw Data
+
+
+do Programs\Figure_3.do
+
+
+******** Figure A.5. II. Number of National-level Offices and Officials Over Time
+
+
+do Programs\Appendix_Figure_A5.do
+
+
+******** Table 2. The Impact of Elite Connections on Soldier Deaths: DD Estimates
+
+
+do Programs\Table_2.do
+
+
+******* Table B.1. I. The Impact of Elite Connections on Soldier Deaths: Checking Outliers
+
+
+do Programs\Appendix_Table_B1_I.do
+
+
+******* Table B.1. II. The Impact of Elite Connections on Soldier Deaths
+
+
+do Programs\Appendix_Table_B1_II.do
+
+
+******* Table B.1. III. The Impact of Elite Connections on Soldier Deaths: Spatial Clustering S.E.
+
+
+do Programs\Appendix_Table_B1_III.do
+
+
+******* Table B.1. IV. The Impact of Elite Connections on Soldier Deaths: Controls X Year FE
+
+
+do Programs\Appendix_Table_B1_IV.do
+
+
+******* Table B.2. Yearly Effects of Elite Connections
+
+
+do Programs\Appendix_Table_B2.do
+
+
+******* Table 3. The Impact of Elite Connections on Soldier Deaths: Types of Links
+
+
+do Programs\Table_3.do
+
+
+******* Table 4. The Impact of Elite Connections on Soldier Deaths: Placebo Networks
+
+
+do Programs\Table_4.do
+
+
+******* Figure 4. The Impact of Elite Connections on Soldier Deaths: Year-by-Year Estimates
+
+
+do Programs\Figure_4.do
+
+
+******* Table B.4. The Impact of Elite Connections on Soldier Deaths: Controlling for Physical Distance to Zeng
+
+
+do Programs\Appendix_Table_B4.do
+
+
+******* Table B.5. I. Elite Networks and Data Missing
+
+
+do Programs\Appendix_Table_B5_I.do
+
+
+******* Table B.5. II. The Impact of Elite Connections on Soldier Deaths: Degree-Holders vs. Commoners
+
+
+do Programs\Appendix_Table_B5_II.do
+
+
+******* Table B.6. I. What Does the Number of Soldier Deaths Measure?
+
+
+do Programs\Appendix_Table_B6_I.do
+
+
+******* Table B.6. II. The Battle of Three Rivers vs. Other Battles in 1858
+
+
+do Programs\Appendix_Table_B6_II.do
+
+
+******** Table 5. The Impact of Elite Connections on Elite Power: DD and DDD Estimates
+
+
+do Programs\Table_5.do
+
+
+******** Figure 5. Motivational Evidence for the Power Effect: National-level Offices by Connection-Province
+
+
+do Programs\Figure_5.do
+
+
+******** Table 6. The Power Effect: the Role of Soldier Deaths
+
+
+do Programs\Table_6.do
+
+
+******** Figure 6. The Dynamics Impacts of Elite Network on National-level Offices
+
+
+do Programs\Figure_6.do
+
+
+******** Figure C.1. Understanding the Fluctuation of the Power Impact
+
+
+do Programs\Appendix_Figure_C1.do
+
+
+******** Table C.2. The Impact of Elite Networks on Elite Power: Inside and Outside the Network
+
+
+do Programs\Appendix_Table_C2.do
+
+
+******** Table C.3. The Impact of Elite Networks on Exam Quotas and Numbers of Jinshi
+
+
+do Programs\Appendix_Table_C3.do
+
+
+
+******** Figure 7. National-level Power Distribution and the Contribution of Elite Networks
+
+
+do Programs\Figure_7.do
+
+
+******** Table C.4. The Impact of Elite Networks on Elite Power
+******** Observation of Zeros in Our Data on National-level Offices
+
+
+do Programs\Appendix_Table_C4.do
+
+
+******** Table C.5. The Impact of Elite Networks and Elite Power: Varying Comparison Provinces
+
+
+do Programs\Appendix_Table_C5.do
+
+
+******** Table C.6. The Impact of Elite Networks and Elite Power: Controlling for Placebo Networks
+
+
+do Programs\Appendix_Table_C6.do
+
+
+
+*********Table C.7. The Changes in Power Distribution by Decade
+
+
+do Programs\Appendix_Table_C7.do
+
+
+******** Figure 8. The Share of Provincial Officials from Connected Counties in Hunan
+
+
+do Programs\Figure_8.do
+
+
+
+clear 
+log close
+
+
+

104/replication_package/Replication/Programs/Appendix_Figure_A5.do

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+********************************************************************************
+******** Figure A.5. II. Number of National-level Offices and Officials Over Time
+********************************************************************************
+
+use Data\OfficialYear.dta,clear
+
+********************************************************************************
+
+use Data\OfficialYear.dta,clear
+
+tsset year
+
+keep if year>=1820
+foreach x of varlist tot_ind tot_han_ind tot_senior tot_han_senior {
+gen ma5_`x'=(`x'+l.`x'+l2.`x'+l3.`x'+l4.`x')/5
+}
+
+
+
+twoway (scatter tot_senior year, m(O) msize(small) mc(gs6) xlabel(1820(30)1910)) ///
+(line ma5_tot_senior year, lp(solid) lc(gs2) lw(medium ))  ///
+(scatter tot_han_senior year, m(Oh) msize(small) mc(gs6)) ///
+(line ma5_tot_han_senior year, lp(dash) lc(gs2) lw(medium ) graphregion(color(white) ifcolor(white) ilcolor(white) fcolor(white)) xtitle(Year) legend(order(1 "Total number" 2 "5-year moving average"    3 "The Han Chinese" 4 "5-year moving average" ) row(2)) title(A: Number of positions) saving(Results\AllPositions_by_Year, replace)) 
+
+twoway (scatter tot_ind year, m(O) msize(small) mc(gs6) xlabel(1820(30)1910)) ///
+(line ma5_tot_ind year, lp(solid) lc(gs2) lw(medium ))  ///
+(scatter tot_han_ind year, m(Oh) msize(small) mc(gs6)) ///
+(line ma5_tot_han_ind year, lp(dash) lc(gs2) lw(medium ) graphregion(color(white) ifcolor(white) ilcolor(white) fcolor(white)) xtitle(Year) legend(order(1 "Total number" 2 "5-year moving average"    3 "The Han Chinese" 4 "5-year moving average" ) row(2))  title(B: Number of officials) saving(Results\AllOfficials_by_Year, replace)) 
+
+
+graph combine Results\AllPositions_by_Year.gph Results\AllOfficials_by_Year.gph, xsize(9) ysize(4.5) graphregion( color(white) ifcolor(white) ilcolor(white) fcolor(white))
+graph export Results\Figure_A5.png, replace 
+
+

104/replication_package/Replication/Programs/Appendix_Figure_C1.do

@@ -0,0 +1,277 @@
+*********************************************************************************************************
+**** Figure C.1. Yearly effects of connections : Entry vs. Re-entry 
+*********************************************************************************************************
+
+
+use Data\NationalCntyYr.dta,clear
+
+
+
+********************************************************************************
+********** gen interactions
+
+
+gen nhXZenghu_all_invdist=nonhunan*Zenghu_all_invdist
+gen hXZenghu_all_invdist=hunan*Zenghu_all_invdist
+
+gen nhXZeng_all0_invdist=nonhunan*Zeng_all0_invdist
+gen hXZeng_all0_invdist=hunan*Zeng_all0_invdist
+
+
+foreach x of varlist hunan  Zenghu_all_invdist   Zeng_all0_invdist Zeng_all0_invdist_pc  invdist0_L1 invdist0_F1    Zeng_exam0_invdist  Zeng_Extraexam_invdist   Zeng_BMF_invdist    Zeng_juren0_invdist  nhXZenghu_all_invdist nhXZeng_all0_invdist  hXZenghu_all_invdist hXZeng_all0_invdist{
+gen `x'Xperiod1=`x'*period1
+gen `x'Xperiod2=`x'*period2
+gen `x'Xperiod=`x'*period
+
+}
+
+
+foreach x of varlist  lnurbanpop prefcap lnjinshi lncntyquota0 lncntypop lncntyarea  mainriv dist2canal lnrice lnwheat dist_nanjing Taiping_route1 {
+gen `x'Xperiod1=`x'*period1
+gen `x'Xperiod2=`x'*period2
+gen `x'Xperiod=`x'*period
+
+}
+
+
+foreach x of varlist  lnurbanpop prefcap lnjinshi lncntyquota0 lncntypop lncntyarea  mainriv dist2canal lnrice lnwheat dist_nanjing  Taiping_route1 {
+gen h`x'Xperiod1=hunan*`x'*period1
+gen h`x'Xperiod2=hunan*`x'*period2
+gen h`x'Xperiod=hunan*`x'*period
+}
+
+
+
+
+********************************************************************************
+********** gen year dummy & interactions
+
+
+drop if year==.
+tab year, gen(year)
+
+
+foreach x of varlist year2-year111 {
+gen hunanX`x'=hunan*`x'
+
+
+}
+
+
+***************************************************************
+foreach x of varlist year2-year111 {
+gen Zeng_all0_invdistX`x'=Zeng_all0_invdist*`x'
+}
+
+********
+foreach x of varlist year2-year111 {
+gen hXZeng_all0_invdistX`x'=hXZeng_all0_invdist*`x'
+}
+
+
+********
+foreach x of varlist year2-year111 {
+gen nhXZeng_all0_invdistX`x'=nhXZeng_all0_invdist*`x'
+}
+
+
+***************************************************************
+foreach x of varlist year2-year111 {
+gen Zenghu_all_invdistX`x'=Zenghu_all_invdist*`x'
+}
+
+********
+foreach x of varlist year2-year111 {
+gen hXZenghu_all_invdistX`x'=hXZenghu_all_invdist*`x'
+}
+
+
+********
+foreach x of varlist year2-year111 {
+gen nhXZenghu_all_invdistX`x'=nhXZenghu_all_invdist*`x'
+}
+
+
+
+********************************************************************************
+
+
+reghdfe entry hXZeng_all0_invdistXyear22-hXZeng_all0_invdistXyear111  Zeng_all0_invdistXyear22-Zeng_all0_invdistXyear111     lnurbanpopXperiod-Taiping_route1Xperiod  , absorb(year samcntyid ) cluster(prefid )
+
+
+parmest, saving( Results\ConnectionOnEntry_all0_yearly_0, replace)
+
+
+reghdfe reentry hXZeng_all0_invdistXyear22-hXZeng_all0_invdistXyear111  Zeng_all0_invdistXyear22-Zeng_all0_invdistXyear111     lnurbanpopXperiod-Taiping_route1Xperiod  , absorb(year samcntyid  ) cluster(prefid )
+
+
+parmest, saving( Results\ConnectionOnRentry_all0_yearly_0, replace)
+ 
+
+
+
+preserve
+
+**************
+ 
+use Results\ConnectionOnSenior_all0_yearly_02, clear
+ 
+
+gen i=_n
+keep if i<=91
+gen time=i
+
+
+gen zero=0
+label var zero "the effect = 0"
+label var estimate "the coefficent of logged total deaths"
+
+keep time max95 min95 time estimate zero
+
+
+replace time=1820+time
+replace time=1820 if time==1911
+ 
+
+foreach x of varlist estimate   {
+replace `x'=0 if  time==1820
+}
+
+foreach x of varlist   max95 min95  {
+replace `x'=0 if  time==1820
+}
+
+
+gen year=time 
+
+****
+sort time
+label var time "Year"
+ 
+sum estimate if year<=1849
+gen bench=r(mean)
+
+ 
+***** 
+twoway  (rarea max95 min95 time, lstyle(ci)  msize(tiny) fc(gs12) c(none) lc(gs12))   (connect estimate time, msize(vsmall) lp(solid) lw(medthick) lc(gs7)  xline(1850, lpattern(dash) lcolor(blue))  xline(1853, lpattern(solid) lcolor(blue)) xline(1864, lpattern(dash) lcolor(blue)) ) (line zero time , lp(dash) lw(medthick) lc(gs0) )   /// 
+, leg(region(lp(blank)) rows(3))   title("A. All officials", size(medium) )  xlabel(1820(30)1910) ylabel(-0.2(0.2)0.4)   legend(order(1 "95% CI" 2 "Effects of connections * Hunan" ) row(2) region(color(none)))  graphregion(color(white) ifcolor(white) ilcolor(white) fcolor(white)) saving("Results\AllCnty_hXconn_all0_yearly_A_0.gph", replace) xsize(3) ysize(3)
+ 
+restore 
+
+
+*********************************** New  entry
+
+preserve
+
+**************
+ 
+use Results\ConnectionOnEntry_all0_yearly_0, clear
+
+
+gen i=_n
+keep if i<=91
+gen time=i
+
+gen zero=0
+label var zero "the effect = 0"
+label var estimate "the coefficent of logged total deaths"
+
+keep time max95 min95 time estimate zero
+
+
+replace time=1820+time
+replace time=1820 if time==1911
+ 
+
+foreach x of varlist estimate   {
+replace `x'=0 if  time==1820
+}
+
+foreach x of varlist   max95 min95  {
+replace `x'=0 if  time==1820
+}
+
+
+gen year=time 
+
+****
+sort time
+label var time "Year"
+ 
+sum estimate if year<=1849
+gen bench=r(mean)
+
+ 
+***** 
+twoway  (rarea max95 min95 time, lstyle(ci)  msize(tiny) fc(gs12) c(none) lc(gs12))   (connect estimate time, msize(vsmall) lp(solid) lw(medthick) lc(gs7)  xline(1850, lpattern(dash) lcolor(blue))  xline(1853, lpattern(solid) lcolor(blue)) xline(1864, lpattern(dash) lcolor(blue)) ) (line zero time , lp(dash) lw(medthick) lc(gs0) )   /// 
+, leg(region(lp(blank)) rows(3))   title("B. Newly promoted", size(medium) )  xlabel(1820(30)1910) ylabel(-0.2(0.2)0.4)   legend(order(1 "95% CI" 2 "Effects of connections * Hunan" ) row(2) region(color(none)))  graphregion(color(white) ifcolor(white) ilcolor(white) fcolor(white)) saving("Results\AllCnty_hXconn_all0_yearly_Entry_0.gph", replace) xsize(3) ysize(3)
+ 
+restore 
+
+
+
+
+*********************************** RE  entry
+
+preserve
+
+**************
+ 
+use Results\ConnectionOnRentry_all0_yearly_0, clear
+
+
+gen i=_n
+keep if i<=91
+gen time=i
+
+
+gen zero=0
+label var zero "the effect = 0"
+label var estimate "the coefficent of logged total deaths"
+
+keep time max95 min95 time estimate zero
+
+
+replace time=1820+time
+replace time=1820 if time==1911
+ 
+
+foreach x of varlist estimate   {
+replace `x'=0 if  time==1820
+}
+
+foreach x of varlist   max95 min95  {
+replace `x'=0 if  time==1820
+}
+
+
+gen year=time 
+
+****
+sort time
+label var time "Year"
+
+ 
+sum estimate if year<=1849
+gen bench=r(mean)
+
+ 
+***** 
+twoway  (rarea max95 min95 time, lstyle(ci)  msize(tiny) fc(gs12) c(none) lc(gs12))   (connect estimate time, msize(vsmall) lp(solid) lw(medthick) lc(gs7)  xline(1850, lpattern(dash) lcolor(blue))  xline(1853, lpattern(solid) lcolor(blue)) xline(1864, lpattern(dash) lcolor(blue)) ) (line zero time , lp(dash) lw(medthick) lc(gs0) )   /// 
+, leg(region(lp(blank)) rows(3))   title("C. Re-promoted", size(medium) )  xlabel(1820(30)1910) ylabel(-0.2(0.2)0.4)   legend(order(1 "95% CI" 2 "Effects of connections * Hunan" ) row(2) region(color(none)))  graphregion(color(white) ifcolor(white) ilcolor(white) fcolor(white)) saving("Results\AllCnty_hXconn_all0_yearly_Rentry_0.gph", replace) xsize(3) ysize(3)
+ 
+restore 
+
+
+
+
+
+*********************************************************************************************************
+************************************************** Yearly effect of connections all, newly promoted, and re-promoted 
+************************************************** 
+
+graph combine  Results\AllCnty_hXconn_all0_yearly_A_0.gph  Results\AllCnty_hXconn_all0_yearly_Entry_0.gph Results\AllCnty_hXconn_all0_yearly_Rentry_0.gph, row(1) xsize(9) ysize(4.5) graphregion(color(white) ifcolor(white) ilcolor(white) fcolor(white))
+
+graph export Results\Figure_C1.png, replace
+
+

104/replication_package/Replication/Programs/Appendix_Table_A3.do

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+
+***************************************************************************************
+************************** Table A3： Elite Connections and Other Characteristics cross Counties
+************************** Sample: Hunan counties, 1850--1864
+****************************************************************************************
+
+use Data\NationalCntyYr.dta,clear
+
+*********************************************************************************
+
+
+reg     Zeng_all0_invdist   lncntyarea lncntypop    lnrice lnwheat mainriv dist2canal   lnurbanpop  prefcap       lnjinshi  lncntyquota0   dist_nanjing   Taiping_route1 if year==1855&hunan==1,  cluster(  samcntyid)  
+outreg2 using Results\Appendix_Table_A3.doc,  keep(lncntyarea lncntypop    lnrice lnwheat mainriv dist2canal   lnurbanpop  prefcap       lnjinshi  lncntyquota0   dist_nanjing   Taiping_route1 ) sortvar(lncntyarea lncntypop     lnrice lnwheat mainriv dist2canal   lnurbanpop  prefcap       lnjinshi  lncntyquota0   dist_nanjing   Taiping_route1) se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons  replace
+
+
+reg     Zeng_all0_invdist   lncntyarea lncntypop    lnrice lnwheat mainriv dist2canal   lnurbanpop  prefcap       lnjinshi  lncntyquota0   dist_nanjing   Taiping_route1 if year==1855,  cluster(samcntyid)  
+outreg2 using Results\Appendix_Table_A3.doc,  keep(lncntyarea lncntypop   lnrice lnwheat mainriv dist2canal   lnurbanpop  prefcap       lnjinshi  lncntyquota0   dist_nanjing   Taiping_route1 ) sortvar(lncntyarea lncntypop     lnrice lnwheat mainriv dist2canal   lnurbanpop  prefcap       lnjinshi  lncntyquota0   dist_nanjing   Taiping_route1) se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons   append
+
+

104/replication_package/Replication/Programs/Appendix_Table_B1_I.do

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+
+***************************************************************************************
+************************** Table B.1. I. The Impact of Elite Connections on Soldier Deaths
+************************** Checking Outliers
+****************************************************************************************
+
+use Data\HunanCntyYr.dta,clear
+
+********************************************************************************
+********************** gen Zeng Guofan period dummies
+
+gen Post=0 if year<1854
+replace Post=1 if year>=1854&year<=1864
+
+
+foreach y of varlist Zeng_all0_invdist_pc Zeng_all0_pc Zenghu_all Zenghu_all_invdist  Zeng_all0 Zeng_all0_invdist  Zeng_exam0_invdist  Zeng_BMF_invdist Zeng_Juren_invdist lnarea capital lnurbanpop  lnpop  dist_nanjing lnjinshi lnquotas mainriv route1 dist2canal lnwheat lnrice  {
+gen `y'_Post=`y'*Post
+
+}
+
+
+********************************************************************************
+********************** regression
+
+
+xi: reghdfe  lnmartyr1  capital_Post  lnurbanpop_Post  lnjinshi_Post  lnquotas_Post route1_Post  dist_nanjing_Post mainriv_Post dist2canal_Post  lnwheat_Post lnrice_Post lnpop_Post lnarea_Post  Zeng_all0_invdist_Post , absorb(year cntyid)  cluster(  cntyid)
+outreg2 using Results\Appendix_Table_B1_I.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_invdist_Post )  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons replace 
+
+xi: reghdfe  lnmartyr1  capital_Post  lnurbanpop_Post  lnjinshi_Post  lnquotas_Post route1_Post  dist_nanjing_Post mainriv_Post dist2canal_Post  lnwheat_Post lnrice_Post lnpop_Post lnarea_Post  Zeng_all0_invdist_Post if Zeng_all0_invdist<=10, absorb(year cntyid)  cluster(  cntyid)
+outreg2 using Results\Appendix_Table_B1_I.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_invdist_Post )  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append
+
+
+xi: reghdfe  lnmartyr1  capital_Post  lnurbanpop_Post  lnjinshi_Post  lnquotas_Post route1_Post  dist_nanjing_Post mainriv_Post dist2canal_Post  lnwheat_Post lnrice_Post lnpop_Post lnarea_Post  Zeng_all0_invdist_Post  if Zeng_all0_invdist<=3, absorb(year cntyid)  cluster(  cntyid)
+outreg2 using Results\Appendix_Table_B1_I.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_invdist_Post )  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append
+
+
+

104/replication_package/Replication/Programs/Appendix_Table_B1_II.do

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+
+***************************************************************************************
+************************** Tab B.1. II. The impact of elite connections on soldier deaths
+************************** sine transformation
+****************************************************************************************
+
+use Data\HunanCntyYr.dta,clear
+
+********************************************************************************
+********************** gen Zeng Guofan period dummies
+
+gen Post=0 if year<1854
+replace Post=1 if year>=1854&year<=1864
+
+
+foreach y of varlist Zeng_all0_invdist_pc Zeng_all0_pc Zenghu_all Zenghu_all_invdist  Zeng_all0 Zeng_all0_invdist  Zeng_exam0_invdist  Zeng_BMF_invdist Zeng_Juren_invdist lnarea capital lnurbanpop  lnpop   dist_nanjing lnjinshi lnquotas mainriv route1 dist2canal lnwheat lnrice  {
+gen `y'_Post=`y'*Post
+
+}
+
+
+********************************************************************************
+********************** regression
+
+xi: reghdfe  lnmartyr_sine  capital_Post  lnurbanpop_Post  lnjinshi_Post  lnquotas_Post route1_Post  dist_nanjing_Post mainriv_Post dist2canal_Post  lnwheat_Post lnrice_Post lnpop_Post lnarea_Post  Zeng_all0_invdist_Post , absorb(year cntyid)  cluster(  cntyid)
+outreg2 using Results\\Appendix_Table_B1_II.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_invdist_Post)  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons replace 
+ 
+
+ 
+xi: reghdfe  lnmartyr_sine  capital_Post  lnurbanpop_Post  lnjinshi_Post  lnquotas_Post route1_Post  dist_nanjing_Post mainriv_Post dist2canal_Post  lnwheat_Post lnrice_Post lnpop_Post lnarea_Post   Zeng_all0_invdist_pc_Post , absorb(year cntyid )  cluster( cntyid)
+outreg2 using Results\\Appendix_Table_B1_II.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_invdist_pc_Post )  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append
+ 
+
+ 
+ **** *** *** 
+xi: reghdfe  lnmartyr_sine    capital_Post  lnurbanpop_Post  lnjinshi_Post  lnquotas_Post route1_Post  dist_nanjing_Post mainriv_Post dist2canal_Post  lnwheat_Post lnrice_Post lnpop_Post lnarea_Post  Zeng_all0_Post , absorb(year cntyid )  cluster(  cntyid)
+outreg2 using Results\\Appendix_Table_B1_II.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_Post)  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append
+
+
+*** *** ***  
+ 
+xi: reghdfe  lnmartyr_sine  capital_Post  lnurbanpop_Post  lnjinshi_Post  lnquotas_Post route1_Post  dist_nanjing_Post mainriv_Post dist2canal_Post  lnwheat_Post lnrice_Post lnpop_Post lnarea_Post     Zeng_all0_pc_Post , absorb(year cntyid  )  cluster(  cntyid)
+outreg2 using Results\\Appendix_Table_B1_II.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_pc_Post )  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append
+

104/replication_package/Replication/Programs/Appendix_Table_B1_III.do

@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+
+***************************************************************************************
+************************** Appendix Table B.1.III. arbitray clustering standard errors
+****************************************************************************************
+
+use Data\HunanCntyYr.dta,clear
+
+********************************************************************************
+********************** gen Zeng Guofan period dummies
+
+gen Post=0 if year<1854
+replace Post=1 if year>=1854&year<=1864
+
+
+foreach y of varlist Zeng_all0_invdist_pc Zeng_all0_pc Zenghu_all Zenghu_all_invdist  Zeng_all0 Zeng_all0_invdist  Zeng_exam0_invdist  Zeng_BMF_invdist Zeng_Juren_invdist lnarea capital lnurbanpop  lnpop  dist_nanjing lnjinshi lnquotas mainriv route1 dist2canal lnwheat lnrice {
+gen `y'_Post=`y'*Post
+
+}
+
+
+********************************************************************************
+********************** regression
+
+
+
+
+************* 50 KM
+reg2hdfespatial lnmartyr1     Zeng_all0_invdist_Post, timevar(year) panelvar(cntyid)    lat(y_coord) lon(x_coord) distcutoff(50) lagcutoff(20) 
+outreg2 using Results\Appendix_Table_B1_III_50KM.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_invdist_Post)  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons replace
+
+
+reg2hdfespatial lnmartyr1  lnurbanpop_Post mainriv_Post dist2canal_Post   lnwheat_Post lnrice_Post lnpop_Post lnarea_Post  Zeng_all0_invdist_Post , timevar(year) panelvar(cntyid)    lat(y_coord) lon(x_coord) distcutoff(50) lagcutoff(20) 
+outreg2 using Results\Appendix_Table_B1_III_50KM.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_invdist_Post)  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append 
+
+
+reg2hdfespatial lnmartyr1  capital_Post lnurbanpop_Post  lnjinshi_Post  lnquotas_Post mainriv_Post dist2canal_Post   lnwheat_Post lnrice_Post lnpop_Post lnarea_Post  Zeng_all0_invdist_Post, timevar(year) panelvar(cntyid)    lat(y_coord) lon(x_coord) distcutoff(50) lagcutoff(20) 
+outreg2 using Results\Appendix_Table_B1_III_50KM.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_invdist_Post)  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append 
+
+
+reg2hdfespatial lnmartyr1  capital_Post lnurbanpop_Post  lnjinshi_Post  lnquotas_Post route1_Post  dist_nanjing_Post mainriv_Post dist2canal_Post   lnwheat_Post lnrice_Post lnpop_Post lnarea_Post  Zeng_all0_invdist_Post, timevar(year) panelvar(cntyid)    lat(y_coord) lon(x_coord) distcutoff(50) lagcutoff(20) 
+outreg2 using Results\Appendix_Table_B1_III_50KM.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_invdist_Post)  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append 
+
+
+*************
+
+reg2hdfespatial lnmartyr1    Zeng_all0_invdist_pc_Post, timevar(year) panelvar(cntyid)    lat(y_coord) lon(x_coord) distcutoff(50) lagcutoff(20) 
+outreg2 using Results\Appendix_Table_B1_III_50KM.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_invdist_pc_Post)  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append 
+
+
+reg2hdfespatial lnmartyr1  capital_Post lnurbanpop_Post  lnjinshi_Post  lnquotas_Post route1_Post  dist_nanjing_Post mainriv_Post dist2canal_Post   lnwheat_Post lnrice_Post lnpop_Post lnarea_Post  Zeng_all0_invdist_pc_Post, timevar(year) panelvar(cntyid)    lat(y_coord) lon(x_coord) distcutoff(50) lagcutoff(20) 
+outreg2 using Results\Appendix_Table_B1_III_50KM.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_invdist_pc_Post)  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append 
+
+
+*** *** *** 
+reg2hdfespatial  lnmartyr1     Zeng_all0_Post , timevar(year) panelvar(cntyid)    lat(y_coord) lon(x_coord) distcutoff(50) lagcutoff(20) 
+outreg2 using Results\Appendix_Table_B1_III_50KM.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_Post)  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append
+
+ 
+*** *** *** 
+reg2hdfespatial  lnmartyr1   capital_Post lnurbanpop_Post  lnjinshi_Post  lnquotas_Post route1_Post  dist_nanjing_Post mainriv_Post dist2canal_Post  lnwheat_Post lnrice_Post lnpop_Post lnarea_Post     Zeng_all0_Post , timevar(year) panelvar(cntyid)    lat(y_coord) lon(x_coord) distcutoff(50) lagcutoff(20) 
+outreg2 using Results\Appendix_Table_B1_III_50KM.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_Post)  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append
+
+*** *** *** 
+
+reg2hdfespatial lnmartyr1  Zeng_all0_pc_Post , timevar(year) panelvar(cntyid)    lat(y_coord) lon(x_coord) distcutoff(50) lagcutoff(20) 
+outreg2 using Results\Appendix_Table_B1_III_50KM.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_pc_Post )  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append
+
+ 
+reg2hdfespatial  lnmartyr1  capital_Post lnurbanpop_Post  lnjinshi_Post  lnquotas_Post route1_Post  dist_nanjing_Post mainriv_Post dist2canal_Post   lnwheat_Post lnrice_Post lnpop_Post lnarea_Post   Zeng_all0_pc_Post  , timevar(year) panelvar(cntyid)    lat(y_coord) lon(x_coord) distcutoff(50) lagcutoff(20) 
+outreg2 using Results\Appendix_Table_B1_III_50KM.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_pc_Post )  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append
+
+
+
+
+
+********************* 100 KM
+
+reg2hdfespatial lnmartyr1     Zeng_all0_invdist_Post, timevar(year) panelvar(cntyid)    lat(y_coord) lon(x_coord) distcutoff(100) lagcutoff(20) 
+outreg2 using Results\Appendix_Table_B1_III_100KM.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_invdist_Post)  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons replace
+
+
+reg2hdfespatial lnmartyr1  lnurbanpop_Post mainriv_Post dist2canal_Post   lnwheat_Post lnrice_Post lnpop_Post lnarea_Post  Zeng_all0_invdist_Post , timevar(year) panelvar(cntyid)    lat(y_coord) lon(x_coord) distcutoff(100) lagcutoff(20) 
+outreg2 using Results\Appendix_Table_B1_III_100KM.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_invdist_Post)  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append 
+
+
+reg2hdfespatial lnmartyr1  capital_Post lnurbanpop_Post  lnjinshi_Post  lnquotas_Post mainriv_Post dist2canal_Post   lnwheat_Post lnrice_Post lnpop_Post lnarea_Post  Zeng_all0_invdist_Post, timevar(year) panelvar(cntyid)    lat(y_coord) lon(x_coord) distcutoff(100) lagcutoff(20) 
+outreg2 using Results\Appendix_Table_B1_III_100KM.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_invdist_Post)  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append 
+
+
+reg2hdfespatial lnmartyr1  capital_Post lnurbanpop_Post  lnjinshi_Post  lnquotas_Post route1_Post  dist_nanjing_Post mainriv_Post dist2canal_Post   lnwheat_Post lnrice_Post lnpop_Post lnarea_Post  Zeng_all0_invdist_Post, timevar(year) panelvar(cntyid)    lat(y_coord) lon(x_coord) distcutoff(100) lagcutoff(20) 
+outreg2 using Results\Appendix_Table_B1_III_100KM.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_invdist_Post)  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append 
+
+
+*************
+
+reg2hdfespatial lnmartyr1    Zeng_all0_invdist_pc_Post, timevar(year) panelvar(cntyid)    lat(y_coord) lon(x_coord) distcutoff(100) lagcutoff(20) 
+outreg2 using Results\Appendix_Table_B1_III_100KM.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_invdist_pc_Post)  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append 
+
+
+reg2hdfespatial lnmartyr1  capital_Post lnurbanpop_Post  lnjinshi_Post  lnquotas_Post route1_Post  dist_nanjing_Post mainriv_Post dist2canal_Post   lnwheat_Post lnrice_Post lnpop_Post lnarea_Post  Zeng_all0_invdist_pc_Post, timevar(year) panelvar(cntyid)    lat(y_coord) lon(x_coord) distcutoff(100) lagcutoff(20) 
+outreg2 using Results\Appendix_Table_B1_III_100KM.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_invdist_pc_Post)  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+*** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** 
+*** *** *** 
+reg2hdfespatial  lnmartyr1     Zeng_all0_Post , timevar(year) panelvar(cntyid)    lat(y_coord) lon(x_coord) distcutoff(100) lagcutoff(20) 
+outreg2 using Results\Appendix_Table_B1_III_100KM.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_Post)  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append
+
+ 
+*** *** *** 
+reg2hdfespatial  lnmartyr1   capital_Post lnurbanpop_Post  lnjinshi_Post  lnquotas_Post route1_Post  dist_nanjing_Post mainriv_Post dist2canal_Post  lnwheat_Post lnrice_Post lnpop_Post lnarea_Post     Zeng_all0_Post , timevar(year) panelvar(cntyid)    lat(y_coord) lon(x_coord) distcutoff(100) lagcutoff(20) 
+outreg2 using Results\Appendix_Table_B1_III_100KM.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_Post)  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append
+
+*** *** *** 
+
+reg2hdfespatial lnmartyr1  Zeng_all0_pc_Post , timevar(year) panelvar(cntyid)    lat(y_coord) lon(x_coord) distcutoff(100) lagcutoff(20) 
+outreg2 using Results\Appendix_Table_B1_III_100KM.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_pc_Post )  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append
+
+ 
+reg2hdfespatial  lnmartyr1  capital_Post lnurbanpop_Post  lnjinshi_Post  lnquotas_Post route1_Post  dist_nanjing_Post mainriv_Post dist2canal_Post   lnwheat_Post lnrice_Post lnpop_Post lnarea_Post   Zeng_all0_pc_Post  , timevar(year) panelvar(cntyid)    lat(y_coord) lon(x_coord) distcutoff(100) lagcutoff(20) 
+outreg2 using Results\Appendix_Table_B1_III_100KM.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_pc_Post )  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append
+
+
+
+
+
+********************* 200 KM
+
+reg2hdfespatial lnmartyr1     Zeng_all0_invdist_Post, timevar(year) panelvar(cntyid)    lat(y_coord) lon(x_coord) distcutoff(200) lagcutoff(20) 
+outreg2 using Results\Appendix_Table_B1_III_200KM.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_invdist_Post)  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons replace
+
+
+reg2hdfespatial lnmartyr1  lnurbanpop_Post mainriv_Post dist2canal_Post   lnwheat_Post lnrice_Post lnpop_Post lnarea_Post  Zeng_all0_invdist_Post , timevar(year) panelvar(cntyid)    lat(y_coord) lon(x_coord) distcutoff(200) lagcutoff(20) 
+outreg2 using Results\Appendix_Table_B1_III_200KM.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_invdist_Post)  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append 
+
+
+reg2hdfespatial lnmartyr1  capital_Post lnurbanpop_Post  lnjinshi_Post  lnquotas_Post mainriv_Post dist2canal_Post   lnwheat_Post lnrice_Post lnpop_Post lnarea_Post  Zeng_all0_invdist_Post, timevar(year) panelvar(cntyid)    lat(y_coord) lon(x_coord) distcutoff(200) lagcutoff(20) 
+outreg2 using Results\Appendix_Table_B1_III_200KM.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_invdist_Post)  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append 
+
+
+reg2hdfespatial lnmartyr1  capital_Post lnurbanpop_Post  lnjinshi_Post  lnquotas_Post route1_Post  dist_nanjing_Post mainriv_Post dist2canal_Post   lnwheat_Post lnrice_Post lnpop_Post lnarea_Post  Zeng_all0_invdist_Post, timevar(year) panelvar(cntyid)    lat(y_coord) lon(x_coord) distcutoff(200) lagcutoff(20) 
+outreg2 using Results\Appendix_Table_B1_III_200KM.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_invdist_Post)  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append 
+
+
+
+*************
+
+reg2hdfespatial lnmartyr1    Zeng_all0_invdist_pc_Post, timevar(year) panelvar(cntyid)    lat(y_coord) lon(x_coord) distcutoff(200) lagcutoff(20) 
+outreg2 using Results\Appendix_Table_B1_III_200KM.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_invdist_pc_Post)  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append 
+
+
+reg2hdfespatial lnmartyr1  capital_Post lnurbanpop_Post  lnjinshi_Post  lnquotas_Post route1_Post  dist_nanjing_Post mainriv_Post dist2canal_Post   lnwheat_Post lnrice_Post lnpop_Post lnarea_Post  Zeng_all0_invdist_pc_Post, timevar(year) panelvar(cntyid)    lat(y_coord) lon(x_coord) distcutoff(200) lagcutoff(20) 
+outreg2 using Results\Appendix_Table_B1_III_200KM.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_invdist_pc_Post)  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append 
+
+
+
+
+*** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** 
+*** *** *** 
+reg2hdfespatial  lnmartyr1     Zeng_all0_Post , timevar(year) panelvar(cntyid)    lat(y_coord) lon(x_coord) distcutoff(200) lagcutoff(20) 
+outreg2 using Results\Appendix_Table_B1_III_200KM.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_Post)  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append
+
+ 
+*** *** *** 
+reg2hdfespatial  lnmartyr1   capital_Post lnurbanpop_Post  lnjinshi_Post  lnquotas_Post route1_Post  dist_nanjing_Post mainriv_Post dist2canal_Post  lnwheat_Post lnrice_Post lnpop_Post lnarea_Post     Zeng_all0_Post , timevar(year) panelvar(cntyid)    lat(y_coord) lon(x_coord) distcutoff(200) lagcutoff(20) 
+outreg2 using Results\Appendix_Table_B1_III_200KM.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_Post)  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append
+
+*** *** *** 
+
+reg2hdfespatial lnmartyr1  Zeng_all0_pc_Post , timevar(year) panelvar(cntyid)    lat(y_coord) lon(x_coord) distcutoff(200) lagcutoff(20) 
+outreg2 using Results\Appendix_Table_B1_III_200KM.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_pc_Post )  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append
+
+ 
+reg2hdfespatial  lnmartyr1  capital_Post lnurbanpop_Post  lnjinshi_Post  lnquotas_Post route1_Post  dist_nanjing_Post mainriv_Post dist2canal_Post   lnwheat_Post lnrice_Post lnpop_Post lnarea_Post   Zeng_all0_pc_Post  , timevar(year) panelvar(cntyid)    lat(y_coord) lon(x_coord) distcutoff(200) lagcutoff(20) 
+outreg2 using Results\Appendix_Table_B1_III_200KM.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_pc_Post )  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append
+
+

104/replication_package/Replication/Programs/Appendix_Table_B1_IV.do

@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+
+
+***************************************************************************************
+************************** Appendix Table B.1.IV. Additional Fixed effects
+****************************************************************************************
+
+use Data\HunanCntyYr.dta,clear
+
+
+********************************************************************************
+********************** gen Zeng Guofan period dummies
+
+gen Post=0 if year<1854
+replace Post=1 if year>=1854&year<=1864
+
+
+foreach y of varlist Zeng_all0_invdist_pc Zeng_all0_pc Zenghu_all Zenghu_all_invdist  Zeng_all0 Zeng_all0_invdist  Zeng_exam0_invdist  Zeng_BMF_invdist Zeng_Juren_invdist lnarea capital lnurbanpop  lnpop  dist_nanjing lnjinshi lnquotas mainriv route1 dist2canal lnwheat lnrice  {
+gen `y'_Post=`y'*Post
+
+}
+
+
+********************** ********************** ********************** **********************
+********************** gen year dummies
+
+tab year, gen(year)
+local r=1 
+while `r'<16 {
+local s=`r'+1849
+rename year`r' yr`s'
+local r=`r'+1
+}
+
+**
+foreach y of varlist Zeng_all0_invdist_pc Zeng_all0_pc Zenghu_all Zenghu_all_invdist  Zeng_all0 Zeng_all0_invdist  Zeng_exam0_invdist  Zeng_BMF_invdist Zeng_Juren_invdist lnarea capital lnurbanpop  lnpop  dist_nanjing lnjinshi lnquotas mainriv route1 dist2canal lnwheat lnrice  {
+foreach x of varlist yr1850-yr1852 yr1854-yr1864 {
+gen `y'_`x'=`y'*`x'
+}
+}
+
+
+**************************
+
+egen  prefidXyear=group(prefid year)
+
+ 
+********************************************************************************
+********************** regression
+
+*** *** *** 
+*** *** ***  
+*** *** ***  controls X year FE 
+*** *** *** 
+*** *** *** 
+
+ 
+xi: reghdfe  lnmartyr1  capital_Post lnurbanpop_Post  lnjinshi_Post  lnquotas_Post route1_Post  dist_nanjing_Post mainriv_Post dist2canal_Post  lnwheat_Post lnrice_Post lnpop_Post lnarea_Post     Zeng_all0_invdist_Post , absorb(year cntyid prefidXyear)   cluster(prefid cntyid)
+outreg2 using Results\\Appendix_Table_B1_IV.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_invdist_Post)  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons replace 
+
+
+
+xi: reghdfe  lnmartyr1  capital_yr* lnurbanpop_yr*  lnjinshi_yr*  lnquotas_yr* route1_yr*  dist_nanjing_yr* mainriv_yr*  lnwheat_yr* lnrice_yr* lnpop_yr* lnarea_yr*   Zeng_all0_invdist_Post , absorb(year cntyid  prefidXyear)   cluster(prefid cntyid)
+outreg2 using Results\\Appendix_Table_B1_IV.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_invdist_Post)  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append
+
+
+
+*** *** *** *** *** ***
+ *** *** *** *** *** ***
+xi: reghdfe  lnmartyr1  capital_Post lnurbanpop_Post  lnjinshi_Post  lnquotas_Post route1_Post  dist_nanjing_Post mainriv_Post dist2canal_Post  lnwheat_Post lnrice_Post lnpop_Post lnarea_Post       Zeng_all0_invdist_pc_Post, absorb(year cntyid  prefidXyear)   cluster(prefid cntyid)
+outreg2 using Results\\Appendix_Table_B1_IV.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_invdist_pc_Post )  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append
+ 
+
+ 
+xi: reghdfe  lnmartyr1  capital_yr* lnurbanpop_yr*  lnjinshi_yr*  lnquotas_yr* route1_yr*  dist_nanjing_yr* mainriv_yr*    lnwheat_yr* lnrice_yr* lnpop_yr* lnarea_yr*    Zeng_all0_invdist_pc_Post, absorb(year cntyid  prefidXyear)   cluster(prefid cntyid)
+outreg2 using Results\\Appendix_Table_B1_IV.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_invdist_pc_Post )  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append
+ 
+
+
+*** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** 
+*** *** *** 
+ 
+xi: reghdfe  lnmartyr1    capital_Post lnurbanpop_Post  lnjinshi_Post  lnquotas_Post route1_Post  dist_nanjing_Post mainriv_Post dist2canal_Post  lnwheat_Post lnrice_Post lnpop_Post lnarea_Post      Zeng_all0_Post , absorb(year cntyid prefidXyear)   cluster(prefid cntyid)
+outreg2 using Results\\Appendix_Table_B1_IV.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_Post)  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append
+
+**** *** *** 
+
+
+**** *** *** 
+xi: reghdfe  lnmartyr1    capital_yr* lnurbanpop_yr*  lnjinshi_yr*  lnquotas_yr* route1_yr*  dist_nanjing_yr* mainriv_yr* dist2canal_yr*  lnwheat_yr* lnrice_yr* lnpop_yr* lnarea_yr*   Zeng_all0_Post , absorb(year cntyid  prefidXyear)   cluster(prefid cntyid)
+outreg2 using Results\\Appendix_Table_B1_IV.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_Post)  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append
+
+
+
+*** *** *** 
+xi: reghdfe  lnmartyr1  capital_Post lnurbanpop_Post  lnjinshi_Post  lnquotas_Post route1_Post  dist_nanjing_Post mainriv_Post dist2canal_Post  lnwheat_Post lnrice_Post lnpop_Post lnarea_Post      Zeng_all0_pc_Post , absorb(year cntyid prefidXyear)   cluster(prefid cntyid)
+outreg2 using Results\\Appendix_Table_B1_IV.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_pc_Post )  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append
+
+
+
+xi: reghdfe  lnmartyr1  capital_yr* lnurbanpop_yr*  lnjinshi_yr*  lnquotas_yr* route1_yr*  dist_nanjing_yr* mainriv_yr* dist2canal_yr*   lnwheat_yr* lnrice_yr* lnpop_yr* lnarea_yr*    Zeng_all0_pc_Post , absorb(year cntyid  prefidXyear)   cluster(prefid cntyid)
+outreg2 using Results\\Appendix_Table_B1_IV.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_pc_Post )  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append
+  
+

104/replication_package/Replication/Programs/Appendix_Table_B2.do

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+
+*********************************************************************************
+*** Table B.2. Yearly Effects of Elite Connections
+*********************************************************************************
+
+
+use Data\HunanCntyYr.dta,clear
+
+
+********************************************************************************
+********************** gen Zeng Guofan period dummies
+
+gen Post=0 if year<1854
+replace Post=1 if year>=1854&year<=1864
+
+
+
+foreach y of varlist Zeng_all0_invdist_pc Zeng_all0_pc Zenghu_all Zenghu_all_invdist  Zeng_all0 Zeng_all0_invdist  Zeng_exam0_invdist  Zeng_BMF_invdist Zeng_Juren_invdist lnarea capital lnurbanpop  lnpop  dist_nanjing lnjinshi lnquotas mainriv route1 dist2canal lnwheat lnrice {
+gen `y'_Post=`y'*Post
+
+}
+
+
+********************** ********************** ********************** **********************
+********************** gen year dummies
+
+
+tab year, gen(year)
+local r=1 
+while `r'<16 {
+local s=`r'+1849
+rename year`r' yr`s'
+local r=`r'+1
+}
+
+**
+foreach y of varlist    Zeng_all0_invdist Zeng_all0 Zeng_all0_invdist_pc Zeng_all0_pc{
+foreach x of varlist yr1850-yr1852 yr1854-yr1864 {
+gen `y'_`x'=`y'*`x'
+}
+}
+
+
+**************************
+
+egen  prefidXyear=group(prefid year)
+
+
+*** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** 
+*** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** Weighted
+
+
+xi: reghdfe  lnmartyr1 Zeng_all0_invdist_yr*    capital_Post lnurbanpop_Post  lnjinshi_Post  lnquotas_Post route1_Post  dist_nanjing_Post mainriv_Post dist2canal_Post  lnwheat_Post lnrice_Post lnpop_Post lnarea_Post      , absorb(year cntyid  prefidXyear)   cluster( cntyid)
+
+outreg2 using Results\Appendix_Table_B2.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_invdist_yr* )   se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons addtext(Observations, `e(N_full)') noobs  replace 
+parmest, saving( Results\Placebo_Yearly_ctrl_all0_invdist, replace)
+
+
+
+*** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** 
+*** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** unweighted
+
+xi: reghdfe  lnmartyr1 Zeng_all0_yr*    capital_Post lnurbanpop_Post  lnjinshi_Post  lnquotas_Post route1_Post  dist_nanjing_Post mainriv_Post dist2canal_Post  lnwheat_Post lnrice_Post lnpop_Post lnarea_Post     , absorb(year cntyid  prefidXyear)   cluster( cntyid)
+
+outreg2 using Results\Appendix_Table_B2.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_yr* )   se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons  addtext(Observations, `e(N_full)') noobs append 
+parmest, saving( Results\Placebo_Yearly_ctrl_all0, replace)
+
+
+*** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** 
+*** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** per capita weighted
+
+xi: reghdfe  lnmartyr1 Zeng_all0_invdist_pc_yr*    capital_Post lnurbanpop_Post  lnjinshi_Post  lnquotas_Post route1_Post  dist_nanjing_Post mainriv_Post dist2canal_Post lnwheat_Post lnrice_Post lnpop_Post lnarea_Post      , absorb(year cntyid  prefidXyear)   cluster( cntyid)
+
+outreg2 using Results\Appendix_Table_B2.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_invdist_pc_yr* )   se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons addtext(Observations, `e(N_full)') noobs  append 
+parmest, saving( Results\Placebo_Yearly_ctrl_all0_invdist_pc, replace)
+
+
+
+*** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** 
+*** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** per capita unweighted
+
+
+xi: reghdfe  lnmartyr1 Zeng_all0_pc_yr*    capital_Post lnurbanpop_Post  lnjinshi_Post  lnquotas_Post route1_Post  dist_nanjing_Post mainriv_Post dist2canal_Post lnwheat_Post lnrice_Post lnpop_Post lnarea_Post     , absorb(year cntyid  prefidXyear)   cluster(cntyid)
+
+outreg2 using Results\Appendix_Table_B2.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_pc_yr* )   se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons addtext(Observations, `e(N_full)') noobs  append 
+parmest, saving( Results\Placebo_Yearly_ctrl_all0_pc, replace)
+

104/replication_package/Replication/Programs/Appendix_Table_B4.do

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+
+************************************************************************************************
+****Table B4: The Impact of Elite Connections on Soldier Deaths: Controlling for Physical Distance to Zeng
+*** Distance to Xiangxiang  dist_xiangxiang_Post   LangSimilarity_Post 
+************************************************************************************************
+
+use Data\HunanCntyYr.dta,clear
+
+
+********************************************************************************
+********************** gen Zeng Guofan period dummies
+
+gen Post=0 if year<1854
+replace Post=1 if year>=1854&year<=1864
+
+
+
+foreach y of varlist Zeng_all0_invdist_pc Zeng_all0_pc Zenghu_all Zenghu_all_invdist  Zeng_all0 Zeng_all0_invdist  Zeng_exam0_invdist  Zeng_BMF_invdist Zeng_Juren_invdist invdist0_L1 invdist0_F1 lnarea capital lnurbanpop  lnpop  dist_nanjing lnjinshi lnquotas mainriv route1 dist2canal lnwheat lnrice dist_xiangxiang LangSimilarity{
+gen `y'_Post=`y'*Post
+
+}
+
+**************************
+
+egen  prefidXyear=group(prefid year)
+
+
+
+********************************************************************************
+************************** regression
+
+reghdfe   lnmartyr1 capital_Post lnurbanpop_Post  lnjinshi_Post  lnquotas_Post route1_Post  dist_nanjing_Post mainriv_Post dist2canal_Post   lnwheat_Post lnrice_Post lnpop_Post lnarea_Post  dist_xiangxiang_Post     Zeng_all0_invdist_Post  ,   absorb(year cntyid prefidXyear) cluster(  cntyid)
+outreg2 using Results\Appendix_Table_B4.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_invdist_Post) se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons replace 
+
+
+**************
+reghdfe   lnmartyr1 capital_Post lnurbanpop_Post  lnjinshi_Post  lnquotas_Post route1_Post  dist_nanjing_Post mainriv_Post dist2canal_Post   lnwheat_Post lnrice_Post lnpop_Post lnarea_Post     LangSimilarity_Post Zeng_all0_invdist_Post ,  absorb(year cntyid prefidXyear) cluster(  cntyid)
+outreg2 using Results\Appendix_Table_B4.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_invdist_Post ) se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append
+
+
+**************
+
+reghdfe   lnmartyr1 capital_Post lnurbanpop_Post  lnjinshi_Post  lnquotas_Post route1_Post  dist_nanjing_Post mainriv_Post dist2canal_Post   lnwheat_Post lnrice_Post lnpop_Post lnarea_Post  dist_xiangxiang_Post   LangSimilarity_Post  Zeng_all0_invdist_Post ,  absorb(year cntyid prefidXyear) cluster(  cntyid)
+outreg2 using Results\Appendix_Table_B4.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_invdist_Post) se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append
+
+
+***************
+reghdfe   lnmartyr1 capital_Post lnurbanpop_Post  lnjinshi_Post  lnquotas_Post route1_Post  dist_nanjing_Post mainriv_Post dist2canal_Post   lnwheat_Post lnrice_Post lnpop_Post lnarea_Post dist_xiangxiang_Post     Zeng_all0_Post ,   absorb(year cntyid prefidXyear) cluster(  cntyid)
+outreg2 using Results\Appendix_Table_B4.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_Post) se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append  
+
+
+**************
+reghdfe   lnmartyr1 capital_Post lnurbanpop_Post  lnjinshi_Post  lnquotas_Post route1_Post  dist_nanjing_Post mainriv_Post dist2canal_Post  lnwheat_Post lnrice_Post lnpop_Post lnarea_Post  LangSimilarity_Post   Zeng_all0_Post ,   absorb(year cntyid prefidXyear) cluster(  cntyid)
+outreg2 using Results\Appendix_Table_B4.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_Post ) se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append
+
+**************
+
+reghdfe   lnmartyr1  capital_Post lnurbanpop_Post  lnjinshi_Post  lnquotas_Post route1_Post  dist_nanjing_Post mainriv_Post dist2canal_Post   lnwheat_Post lnrice_Post lnpop_Post lnarea_Post dist_xiangxiang_Post   LangSimilarity_Post  Zeng_all0_Post ,  absorb(year cntyid prefidXyear) cluster(  cntyid)
+outreg2 using Results\Appendix_Table_B4.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_Post) se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append
+
+ 
+ 

104/replication_package/Replication/Programs/Appendix_Table_B5_I.do

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+
+
+*********************************************************************************
+********************************** Table B.5. I. Elite Networks and Data Missing
+*********************************************************************************
+
+
+use Data\HunanCntyYr.dta,clear
+
+
+********************************************************************************
+********************** gen Zeng Guofan period dummies
+
+gen Post=0 if year<1854
+replace Post=1 if year>=1854&year<=1864
+
+
+foreach y of varlist Zeng_all0_invdist_pc Zeng_all0_pc Zenghu_all Zenghu_all_invdist  Zeng_all0 Zeng_all0_invdist  Zeng_exam0_invdist  Zeng_BMF_invdist Zeng_Juren_invdist invdist0_L1 invdist0_F1 lnarea capital lnurbanpop  lnpop  dist_nanjing lnjinshi lnquotas mainriv route1 dist2canal lnwheat lnrice dist_xiangxiang LangSimilarity{
+gen `y'_Post=`y'*Post
+
+}
+
+ 
+************************************************************************************************
+************************ regression 
+
+reghdfe   missingratio Zeng_all0_invdist_Post  if year==1855,  absorb(prefid)  cluster( cntyid)
+outreg2 using Results\Appendix_Table_B5_I.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_invdist_Post)   se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons replace 
+
+
+reghdfe   missingratio Zeng_all0_invdist_Post lntotmartyr_withmissing if year==1855,  absorb(prefid)  cluster( cntyid)
+outreg2 using Results\Appendix_Table_B5_I.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_invdist_Post lntotmartyr_withmissing)   se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append  
+
+
+reghdfe  missingratio  Zeng_all0_invdist_Post  capital_Post lnurbanpop_Post  lnjinshi_Post  lnquotas_Post route1_Post  dist_nanjing_Post mainriv_Post dist2canal_Post   lnwheat_Post lnrice_Post lnpop_Post lnarea_Post      if year==1855,  absorb(prefid)  cluster(cntyid)
+outreg2 using Results\Appendix_Table_B5_I.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_invdist_Post)   se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append  
+
+
+reghdfe   missingratio  Zeng_all0_invdist_Post lntotmartyr_withmissing  capital_Post lnurbanpop_Post  lnjinshi_Post  lnquotas_Post route1_Post  dist_nanjing_Post mainriv_Post dist2canal_Post   lnwheat_Post lnrice_Post lnpop_Post lnarea_Post     if year==1855,  absorb(prefid)  cluster( cntyid)
+outreg2 using Results\Appendix_Table_B5_I.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_invdist_Post lntotmartyr_withmissing )   se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append  
+
+
+********************
+reghdfe   missingratio Zeng_all0_Post  if year==1855,  absorb(prefid)  cluster( cntyid)
+outreg2 using Results\Appendix_Table_B5_I.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_Post)   se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append
+
+
+reghdfe   missingratio Zeng_all0_Post lntotmartyr_withmissing if year==1855,  absorb(prefid)  cluster( cntyid)
+outreg2 using Results\Appendix_Table_B5_I.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_Post lntotmartyr_withmissing)   se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append  
+
+
+reghdfe   missingratio  Zeng_all0_Post  capital_Post lnurbanpop_Post  lnjinshi_Post  lnquotas_Post route1_Post  dist_nanjing_Post mainriv_Post dist2canal_Post   lnwheat_Post lnrice_Post lnpop_Post lnarea_Post    if year==1855,  absorb(prefid)  cluster( cntyid)
+outreg2 using Results\Appendix_Table_B5_I.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_Post lntotmartyr_withmissing)   se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append  
+
+
+reghdfe  missingratio  Zeng_all0_Post lntotmartyr_withmissing  capital_Post lnurbanpop_Post  lnjinshi_Post  lnquotas_Post route1_Post  dist_nanjing_Post mainriv_Post dist2canal_Post   lnwheat_Post lnrice_Post lnpop_Post lnarea_Post   if year==1855,  absorb(prefid)  cluster( cntyid)
+outreg2 using Results\Appendix_Table_B5_I.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_Post lntotmartyr_withmissing)   se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append  
+
+
+ 

104/replication_package/Replication/Programs/Appendix_Table_B5_II.do

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+
+ 
+************************************************************************************
+****** Table B.5. II. The Impact of Elite Connections on Soldier Deaths: Degree-Holders vs. Commoners
+************************************************************************************
+
+
+use Data\HunanCntyYr.dta,clear
+
+
+********************************************************************************
+********************** gen Zeng Guofan period dummies
+
+gen Post=0 if year<1854
+replace Post=1 if year>=1854&year<=1864
+
+
+foreach y of varlist Zeng_all0_invdist_pc Zeng_all0_pc Zenghu_all Zenghu_all_invdist  Zeng_all0 Zeng_all0_invdist  Zeng_exam0_invdist  Zeng_BMF_invdist Zeng_Juren_invdist invdist0_L1 invdist0_F1 lnarea capital lnurbanpop  lnpop  dist_nanjing lnjinshi lnquotas mainriv route1 dist2canal lnwheat lnrice  dist_xiangxiang LangSimilarity{
+gen `y'_Post=`y'*Post
+
+}
+ 
+
+**************************
+
+egen  prefidXyear=group(prefid year)
+
+
+************************************************************************************************
+*************************** regression
+
+reghdfe  std_lnmartyr1  Zeng_all0_invdist_Post  capital_Post lnurbanpop_Post  lnjinshi_Post  lnquotas_Post route1_Post  dist_nanjing_Post mainriv_Post dist2canal_Post   lnwheat_Post lnrice_Post lnpop_Post lnarea_Post      ,  absorb(year cntyid prefidXyear)  cluster( cntyid)
+outreg2 using Results\Appendix_Table_B5_II.doc, keep( Zeng_all0_invdist_Post )   se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons replace  
+
+reghdfe   std_lnmartyr1  Zeng_all0_Post   capital_Post lnurbanpop_Post  lnjinshi_Post  lnquotas_Post route1_Post  dist_nanjing_Post mainriv_Post dist2canal_Post   lnwheat_Post lnrice_Post lnpop_Post lnarea_Post     ,  absorb(year cntyid  prefidXyear)  cluster( cntyid)
+outreg2 using Results\Appendix_Table_B5_II.doc, keep( Zeng_all0_Post )   se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append  
+
+ 
+*****
+reghdfe   std_lnGentryDeath1   Zeng_all0_invdist_Post   capital_Post lnurbanpop_Post  lnjinshi_Post  lnquotas_Post route1_Post  dist_nanjing_Post mainriv_Post dist2canal_Post   lnwheat_Post lnrice_Post lnpop_Post lnarea_Post    ,  absorb(year cntyid  prefidXyear)  cluster( cntyid)
+outreg2 using Results\Appendix_Table_B5_II.doc, keep( Zeng_all0_invdist_Post )   se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append 
+
+reghdfe  std_lnGentryDeath1   Zeng_all0_Post  capital_Post lnurbanpop_Post  lnjinshi_Post  lnquotas_Post route1_Post  dist_nanjing_Post mainriv_Post dist2canal_Post   lnwheat_Post lnrice_Post lnpop_Post lnarea_Post      ,  absorb(year cntyid   prefidXyear)  cluster(cntyid)
+outreg2 using Results\Appendix_Table_B5_II.doc, keep( Zeng_all0_Post )   se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append 
+
+ 
+ 

104/replication_package/Replication/Programs/Appendix_Table_B6_I.do

@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+
+*This dofile produces Table B6.I column (1)-(3)
+
+************************************************************************************
+****** Table B.6. I. What Does the Number of Soldier Deaths Measure?
+************************************************************************************
+
+
+*This part produces Table B6.I column (1)-(3)
+
+
+use Data\HunanCntyYr.dta,clear
+
+
+********************************************************************************
+********************** gen Zeng Guofan period dummies
+
+gen Post=0 if year<1854
+replace Post=1 if year>=1854&year<=1864
+
+
+foreach y of varlist Zeng_all0_invdist_pc Zeng_all0_pc Zenghu_all Zenghu_all_invdist  Zeng_all0 Zeng_all0_invdist  Zeng_exam0_invdist  Zeng_BMF_invdist Zeng_Juren_invdist invdist0_L1 invdist0_F1 lnarea capital lnurbanpop  lnpop lnhh  dist_nanjing lnjinshi lnquotas mainriv route1 dist2canal lnwheat lnrice  dist_xiangxiang LangSimilarity{
+gen `y'_Post=`y'*Post
+
+}
+ 
+ 
+********************************************************************************
+********************** gen interactions
+
+
+sum lnhh 
+gen ZengXlnhhXPost=Zeng_all0_invdist_Post*(lnhh-r(mean))
+gen ZenghuXlnhhXPost=Zenghu_all_invdist_Post*(lnhh-r(mean))
+
+
+sum lnquotas
+gen ZengXlnquotasXPost=Zeng_all0_invdist_Post*(lnquotas_Post-r(mean))
+
+
+sum lnjinshi
+gen ZengXlnjinshiXPost=Zeng_all0_invdist_Post*(lnjinshi-r(mean))
+
+ 
+
+**************************
+
+egen  prefidXyear=group(prefid year)
+
+
+************************************************************************************************
+*************************** regression 
+ 
+ 
+reghdfe   lnmartyr1  capital_Post lnurbanpop_Post lnjinshi_Post  lnquotas_Post  route1_Post   dist_nanjing_Post mainriv_Post dist2canal_Post lnrice_Post lnwheat_Post   lnhh_Post lnarea_Post Zeng_all0_invdist_Post  ZengXlnquotasXPost ZengXlnhhXPost, absorb(year cntyid prefidXyear) cluster(cntyid)
+outreg2 using Results\Appendix_Table_B6_I.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_invdist_Post ZengXlnquotasXPost  ZengXlnhhXPost)    se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons replace 
+
+
+***************
+
+reghdfe   lnmartyr1  capital_Post lnurbanpop_Post lnjinshi_Post  lnquotas_Post  route1_Post   dist_nanjing_Post mainriv_Post dist2canal_Post lnrice_Post lnwheat_Post   lnhh_Post lnarea_Post Zeng_all0_invdist_Post   ZengXlnjinshiXPost ZengXlnhhXPost, absorb(year cntyid prefidXyear) cluster(cntyid)
+outreg2 using Results\Appendix_Table_B6_I.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_invdist_Post ZengXlnquotasXPost ZengXlnjinshiXPost ZengXlnhhXPost)    se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append 
+
+
+***************
+
+reghdfe   lnmartyr1  capital_Post lnurbanpop_Post lnjinshi_Post  lnquotas_Post  route1_Post   dist_nanjing_Post mainriv_Post dist2canal_Post lnrice_Post lnwheat_Post   lnhh_Post lnarea_Post Zeng_all0_invdist_Post  ZengXlnquotasXPost ZengXlnjinshiXPost ZengXlnhhXPost, absorb(year cntyid prefidXyear) cluster( cntyid)
+outreg2 using Results\Appendix_Table_B6_I.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_invdist_Post ZengXlnquotasXPost ZengXlnjinshiXPost ZengXlnhhXPost)    se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append 
+  
+ 
+
+ 
+ 
+ 
+********************************************************************************
+********************************************************************************
+********************************************************************************
+************************************ This dofile creats Table B.6.I Column (4-5)
+
+
+
+use Data\HunanBattleField.dta,clear
+
+
+
+********************** ********************** ********************** **********
+********************** gen Zeng Guofan period dummies
+
+gen Post=0 if year<1854
+replace Post=1 if year>=1854&year<=1864
+
+
+******
+
+gen Zeng_all0_invdist_P=Zeng_all0_invdist*Post
+
+foreach y of varlist  lnarea capital lnurbanpop lnhh  dist_nanjing  lnjinshi lnquotas  mainriv route1  dist2canal lnrice lnwheat {
+gen `y'_Post=`y'*Post
+}
+
+
+******
+
+gen cntyXyear=cntyid*100+(year-1850)
+
+egen  prefidXyear=group(prefid year)
+
+
+
+******** Table B.6 Column (4): Without Battle FE
+
+reghdfe lnmartyrs_battle1 Zeng_all0_invdist_P ///
+capital_Post lnurbanpop_Post lnjinshi_Post  lnquotas_Post  route1_Post   dist_nanjing_Post mainriv_Post dist2canal_Post lnrice_Post lnwheat_Post  lnhh_Post lnarea_Post ///
+, absorb(cntyid year prefidXyear) cluster(cntyid)
+
+outreg2 using Results\Appendix_Table_B6_I.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_invdist_P)  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append
+ 
+
+********* Table B.6 Column (5): With Battle FE
+
+reghdfe lnmartyrs_battle1 Zeng_all0_invdist_P ///
+capital_Post lnurbanpop_Post lnjinshi_Post  lnquotas_Post  route1_Post  dist_nanjing_Post mainriv_Post  dist2canal_Post lnrice_Post lnwheat_Post   lnhh_Post lnarea_Post ///
+, absorb(battleid  cntyid year prefidXyear) cluster(cntyid )
+
+outreg2 using Results\Appendix_Table_B6_I.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_invdist_P)  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append
+
+
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 

104/replication_package/Replication/Programs/Appendix_Table_B6_II.do

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+
+********************************************************************************
+***** Table B.6. II. The Battle of Three Rivers vs. Other Battles in 1858
+***** Sample: Hunan counties, 1858
+********************************************************************************
+ 
+
+use Data\ThreeRivers.dta,clear
+
+
+foreach x of varlist martyrs_battle martyrs_battle_sanhe martyrs_battle_nosanhe {
+gen ln`x'1=ln(1+`x')
+}
+
+
+
+********************************************************************************
+
+
+
+sum  martyrs_battle martyrs_battle_sanhe martyrs_battle_nosanhe if year==1858
+
+sum  martyrs_battle martyrs_battle_sanhe martyrs_battle_nosanhe if year==1858
+
+
+
+********************************************************************************
+****************************** Appendix Table B.6.II San He 
+
+
+
+egen  prefidXyear=group(prefid year)
+
+
+ reghdfe    lnmartyrs_battle1 Zeng_all0_invdist ///
+ capital    lnjinshi   lnquotas ///
+  route1    dist_nanjing ///
+lnurbanpop dist2canal lnrice lnwheat     mainriv lnhh lnarea   if year==1858 , absorb(prefid)  cluster(  cntyid)
+outreg2 using Results\Appendix_Table_B6_II.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_invdist)  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons addtext(Observations, `e(N_full)') noobs  replace
+
+
+ reghdfe    lnmartyrs_battle_sanhe1 Zeng_all0_invdist ///
+ capital    lnjinshi   lnquotas ///
+  route1    dist_nanjing ///
+lnurbanpop  dist2canal lnrice lnwheat     mainriv lnhh lnarea if year==1858 , absorb(prefid)   cluster(  cntyid)
+outreg2 using Results\Appendix_Table_B6_II.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_invdist)  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons addtext(Observations, `e(N_full)') noobs  append
+
+
+ reghdfe    lnmartyrs_battle_nosanhe1 Zeng_all0_invdist ///
+ capital    lnjinshi   lnquotas ///
+  route1    dist_nanjing ///
+lnurbanpop  dist2canal lnrice lnwheat     mainriv lnhh lnarea  if year==1858 , absorb(prefid)   cluster(  cntyid)
+outreg2 using Results\Appendix_Table_B6_II.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_invdist)  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons addtext(Observations, `e(N_full)') noobs  append
+
+
+

104/replication_package/Replication/Programs/Appendix_Table_C2.do

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+
+*********************************************************************************
+* Table C.2. The Impact of Elite Networks on Elite Power: Inside and Outside the Network
+*********************************************************************************
+
+
+use Data\NationalCntyYr.dta,clear
+
+
+
+********************************************************************************
+********** gen interactions
+
+
+gen nhXZenghu_all_invdist=nonhunan*Zenghu_all_invdist
+gen hXZenghu_all_invdist=hunan*Zenghu_all_invdist
+
+gen nhXZeng_all0_invdist=nonhunan*Zeng_all0_invdist
+gen hXZeng_all0_invdist=hunan*Zeng_all0_invdist
+
+
+foreach x of varlist hunan  Zenghu_all_invdist   Zeng_all0_invdist Zeng_all0_invdist_pc  invdist0_L1 invdist0_F1    Zeng_exam0_invdist  Zeng_Extraexam_invdist   Zeng_BMF_invdist    Zeng_juren0_invdist  nhXZenghu_all_invdist nhXZeng_all0_invdist  hXZenghu_all_invdist hXZeng_all0_invdist{
+gen `x'Xperiod=`x'*period
+
+}
+
+
+foreach x of varlist  lnurbanpop prefcap lnjinshi lncntyquota0 lncntypop lncntyarea mainriv dist2canal lnrice lnwheat dist_nanjing Taiping_route1 {
+gen `x'Xperiod=`x'*period
+
+}
+foreach x of varlist  lnurbanpop prefcap lnjinshi lncntyquota0 lncntypop lncntyarea mainriv dist2canal lnrice lnwheat dist_nanjing  Taiping_route1 {
+gen h`x'Xperiod=hunan*`x'*period
+}
+
+
+
+********************************************************************************
+
+keep if year>=1820
+
+foreach x of varlist alloff ZengConnected NotZengConnected entry reentry {
+sum `x'
+gen `x'_byavg=`x'/r(mean)
+}
+
+
+
+********************************************************************************
+
+
+********* 
+
+
+reghdfe alloff_byavg        lnurbanpopXperiod-Taiping_route1Xperiod  hXZeng_all0_invdistXperiod    Zeng_all0_invdistXperiod hunanXperiod, absorb(year samcntyid ) cluster(prefid  )
+outreg2 using Results\Appendix_Table_C2.doc, keep( hXZeng_all0_invdistXperiod    Zeng_all0_invdistXperiod hunanXperiod)  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons replace 
+
+
+ 
+*********
+reghdfe ZengConnected_byavg       lnurbanpopXperiod-Taiping_route1Xperiod  hXZeng_all0_invdistXperiod    Zeng_all0_invdistXperiod hunanXperiod, absorb(year samcntyid ) cluster(prefid )
+outreg2 using Results\Appendix_Table_C2.doc, keep( hXZeng_all0_invdistXperiod    Zeng_all0_invdistXperiod hunanXperiod)  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append 
+
+ 
+*********
+
+reghdfe NotZengConnected_byavg       lnurbanpopXperiod-Taiping_route1Xperiod   hXZeng_all0_invdistXperiod    Zeng_all0_invdistXperiod hunanXperiod, absorb(year samcntyid) cluster(prefid  )
+outreg2 using Results\Appendix_Table_C2.doc, keep( hXZeng_all0_invdistXperiod    Zeng_all0_invdistXperiod hunanXperiod)  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

104/replication_package/Replication/Programs/Appendix_Table_C3.do

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+
+*********************************************************************************
+**** Table C.3. The Impact of Elite Networks on Exam Quotas and Numbers of Jinshi
+*********************************************************************************
+
+
+use Data\NationalCntyYr.dta,clear
+
+
+********************************************************************************
+********** gen interactions
+
+
+gen hXZeng_all0_invdist=hunan*Zeng_all0_invdist
+
+
+foreach x of varlist hunan  Zeng_all0_invdist hXZeng_all0_invdist{
+gen `x'Xperiod=`x'*period
+
+}
+
+foreach x of varlist  lnurbanpop prefcap lnjinshi lncntyquota0 lncntypop lncntyarea  mainriv dist2canal lnrice lnwheat dist_nanjing Taiping_route1 {
+gen `x'Xperiod=`x'*period
+
+}
+
+
+********************************************************************************
+
+keep if year > =1820
+
+
+
+*******
+ 
+reghdfe lncntyquota_panel    lnurbanpopXperiod-Taiping_route1Xperiod  hXZeng_all0_invdistXperiod    Zeng_all0_invdistXperiod hunanXperiod if year==1840|year==1880 , absorb(year samcntyid ) cluster(prefid )
+outreg2 using Results\Appendix_Table_C3.doc, keep( hXZeng_all0_invdistXperiod  )  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons replace
+
+
+*******
+
+reghdfe lnjinshi_panel    lnurbanpopXperiod-Taiping_route1Xperiod  hXZeng_all0_invdistXperiod    Zeng_all0_invdistXperiod hunanXperiod if year==1840|year==1880, absorb(year samcntyid ) cluster(prefid )
+outreg2 using Results\Appendix_Table_C3.doc, keep( hXZeng_all0_invdistXperiod  )  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons  append  
+
+
+*******
+
+reghdfe alloff   lnurbanpopXperiod-Taiping_route1Xperiod  hXZeng_all0_invdistXperiod    Zeng_all0_invdistXperiod hunanXperiod, absorb(year samcntyid ) cluster(prefid   )
+outreg2 using Results\Appendix_Table_C3.doc, keep( hXZeng_all0_invdistXperiod  )  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons  append   
+
+
+*******
+
+reghdfe alloff  lnjinshi_panel lncntyquota_panel    lnurbanpopXperiod-Taiping_route1Xperiod  hXZeng_all0_invdistXperiod    Zeng_all0_invdistXperiod hunanXperiod  , absorb(year samcntyid ) cluster(prefid )
+outreg2 using Results\Appendix_Table_C3.doc, keep( hXZeng_all0_invdistXperiod    lnjinshi_panel lncntyquota_panel)  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append  
+
+
+*******
+
+gen lncntyquotaXperiod=lncntyquota*period
+gen lnjinshi_aft50Xperiod=lnjinshi_aft50*period
+
+reghdfe alloff  lnjinshi_aft50Xperiod lncntyquotaXperiod    lnurbanpopXperiod-Taiping_route1Xperiod  hXZeng_all0_invdistXperiod    Zeng_all0_invdistXperiod hunanXperiod  , absorb(year samcntyid ) cluster(prefid )
+outreg2 using Results\Appendix_Table_C3.doc, keep( hXZeng_all0_invdistXperiod    lnjinshi_aft50Xperiod lncntyquotaXperiod)  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append  
+
+
+
+

104/replication_package/Replication/Programs/Appendix_Table_C4.do

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+
+*********************************************************************************
+************************** Table C.4. The Impact of Elite Networks on Elite Power 
+*********************************************************************************
+
+
+use Data\NationalCntyYr.dta,clear
+
+
+********************************************************************************
+********** gen interactions
+
+gen hXZeng_all0_invdist=hunan*Zeng_all0_invdist
+
+
+foreach x of varlist hunan  Zeng_all0_invdist hXZeng_all0_invdist{
+gen `x'Xperiod=`x'*period
+
+}
+
+foreach x of varlist  lnurbanpop prefcap lnjinshi lncntyquota0 lncntypop lncntyarea  mainriv dist2canal lnrice lnwheat dist_nanjing Taiping_route1 {
+gen `x'Xperiod=`x'*period
+
+}
+
+
+********************************************************************************
+
+keep if year > = 1820
+
+
+*********
+*********
+*********
+*********
+*********
+
+reghdfe alloff    lnurbanpopXperiod-Taiping_route1Xperiod  hXZeng_all0_invdistXperiod  Zeng_all0_invdistXperiod hunanXperiod   , absorb(year  samcntyid ) cluster(prefid )
+
+outreg2 using Results\Appendix_Table_C4.doc, keep( hXZeng_all0_invdistXperiod   Zeng_all0_invdistXperiod )  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons  replace  
+
+
+
+reghdfe alloffd    lnurbanpopXperiod-Taiping_route1Xperiod  hXZeng_all0_invdistXperiod   Zeng_all0_invdistXperiod hunanXperiod   , absorb(year  samcntyid ) cluster(prefid )
+
+outreg2 using Results\Appendix_Table_C4.doc, keep( hXZeng_all0_invdistXperiod   Zeng_all0_invdistXperiod )  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons  append  
+
+
+
+reghdfe alloff   lnurbanpopXperiod-Taiping_route1Xperiod  hXZeng_all0_invdistXperiod Zeng_all0_invdistXperiod hunanXperiod   if alloffd==1, absorb(year samcntyid  ) cluster(prefid )
+
+outreg2 using Results\Appendix_Table_C4.doc, keep( hXZeng_all0_invdistXperiod   Zeng_all0_invdistXperiod )  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons  append  
+
+
+
+*********
+
+
+reghdfe alloff  lnurbanpop prefcap lnjinshi lncntyquota0  lncntypop lncntyarea mainriv dist2canal lnrice lnwheat  dist_nanjing Taiping_route1   lnurbanpopXperiod-Taiping_route1Xperiod  hXZeng_all0_invdistXperiod  Zeng_all0_invdist hXZeng_all0_invdist  Zeng_all0_invdistXperiod hunanXperiod  hunan, absorb(year   ) cluster(prefid )
+
+outreg2 using Results\Appendix_Table_C4.doc, keep( hXZeng_all0_invdistXperiod   Zeng_all0_invdistXperiod )  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons  append  
+
+
+
+*********
+xi: zinb alloff   i.year  lnurbanpop prefcap lnjinshi lncntyquota0  lncntypop lncntyarea mainriv dist2canal lnrice lnwheat  dist_nanjing Taiping_route1   lnurbanpopXperiod-Taiping_route1Xperiod  hXZeng_all0_invdistXperiod  Zeng_all0_invdist hXZeng_all0_invdist  Zeng_all0_invdistXperiod hunanXperiod  hunan, inflate( i.year  lnurbanpop prefcap lnjinshi lncntyquota0  lncntypop lncntyarea mainriv dist2canal lnrice lnwheat  dist_nanjing Taiping_route1   lnurbanpopXperiod-Taiping_route1Xperiod   Zeng_all0_invdist hXZeng_all0_invdist   hunanXperiod  hunan)  probit  vce(cluster prefid)
+
+margins , dydx(hXZeng_all0_invdistXperiod Zeng_all0_invdistXperiod)
+
+outreg2 using Results\Appendix_Table_C4.doc, keep( hXZeng_all0_invdistXperiod   Zeng_all0_invdistXperiod )  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons  append  
+
+

104/replication_package/Replication/Programs/Appendix_Table_C5.do

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+*********************************************************************************
+*Table C5.The Impact of Elite Networks and Elite Power: Varying Comparison Provinces
+*********************************************************************************
+
+
+use Data\NationalCntyYr.dta,clear
+
+
+********************************************************************************
+********** gen interactions
+
+gen hXZeng_all0_invdist=hunan*Zeng_all0_invdist
+gen hXZeng_exam0_invdist=hunan*Zeng_exam0_invdist
+gen hXZeng_Extraexam_invdist=hunan*Zeng_Extraexam_invdist
+
+
+foreach x of varlist hunan  Zeng_all0_invdist Zenghu_all_invdist Zeng_exam0_invdist Zeng_Extraexam_invdist hXZeng_all0_invdist hXZeng_exam0_invdist hXZeng_Extraexam_invdist martyrs_tot_post{
+gen `x'Xperiod=`x'*period
+
+}
+
+foreach x of varlist  lnurbanpop prefcap lnjinshi lncntyquota0 lncntypop lncntyarea  mainriv dist2canal lnrice lnwheat dist_nanjing Taiping_route1 {
+gen `x'Xperiod=`x'*period
+
+}
+
+********************************************************************************
+
+keep if year > =1820
+
+
+******************************* Hunan vs. Guangxi, Hubei， Jiangxi， Anhui and Jiangsu
+
+reghdfe alloff   hXZeng_all0_invdistXperiod   Zeng_all0_invdistXperiod  hunanXperiod   lnurbanpopXperiod-Taiping_route1Xperiod   if provcd==11|provcd==5|provcd==16|provcd==10| provcd==3| provcd==2, absorb(year samcntyid) cluster(prefid samcntyid)
+
+outreg2 using Results\Appendix_Table_C5.doc, keep(  hXZeng_all0_invdistXperiod   Zeng_all0_invdistXperiod hunanXperiod )  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons replace 
+
+
+reghdfe alloff  martyrs_tot_postXperiod   hXZeng_all0_invdistXperiod   Zeng_all0_invdistXperiod  hunanXperiod lnurbanpopXperiod-Taiping_route1Xperiod  if provcd==11|provcd==5|provcd==16|provcd==10| provcd==3| provcd==2, absorb(year samcntyid ) cluster(prefid samcntyid)
+
+
+outreg2 using Results\Appendix_Table_C5.doc, keep(martyrs_tot_postXperiod  hXZeng_all0_invdistXperiod   Zeng_all0_invdistXperiod hunanXperiod )   se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append 
+
+
+******************************* Hunan vs. Guangxi, Hubei and Jiangxi
+
+reghdfe alloff    hXZeng_all0_invdistXperiod   Zeng_all0_invdistXperiod hunanXperiod lnurbanpopXperiod-Taiping_route1Xperiod   if provcd==11|provcd==5|provcd==16|provcd==10, absorb(year samcntyid ) cluster(prefid samcntyid)
+
+outreg2 using Results\Appendix_Table_C5.doc, keep(martyrs_tot_postXperiod  hXZeng_all0_invdistXperiod   Zeng_all0_invdistXperiod hunanXperiod )   se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append 
+
+
+reghdfe alloff  martyrs_tot_postXperiod    hXZeng_all0_invdistXperiod   Zeng_all0_invdistXperiod hunanXperiod lnurbanpopXperiod-Taiping_route1Xperiod if provcd==11|provcd==5|provcd==16|provcd==10, absorb(year samcntyid ) cluster(prefid samcntyid)
+
+
+outreg2 using Results\Appendix_Table_C5.doc, keep(martyrs_tot_postXperiod  hXZeng_all0_invdistXperiod   Zeng_all0_invdistXperiod hunanXperiod )   se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append 
+
+
+
+******************************* Hunan vs. Anhui and Jiangsu
+
+reghdfe alloff  hXZeng_all0_invdistXperiod   Zeng_all0_invdistXperiod hunanXperiod lnurbanpopXperiod-Taiping_route1Xperiod if provcd==11| provcd==3| provcd==2, absorb(year samcntyid) cluster(prefid samcntyid)
+
+outreg2 using Results\Appendix_Table_C5.doc, keep(martyrs_tot_postXperiod  hXZeng_all0_invdistXperiod   Zeng_all0_invdistXperiod hunanXperiod )   se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append 
+
+
+reghdfe alloff  martyrs_tot_postXperiod hXZeng_all0_invdistXperiod   Zeng_all0_invdistXperiod  hunanXperiod lnurbanpopXperiod-Taiping_route1Xperiod   if provcd==11| provcd==3| provcd==2, absorb(year samcntyid) cluster(prefid samcntyid)
+
+
+outreg2 using Results\Appendix_Table_C5.doc, keep(martyrs_tot_postXperiod  hXZeng_all0_invdistXperiod   Zeng_all0_invdistXperiod hunanXperiod )   se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append 

104/replication_package/Replication/Programs/Appendix_Table_C6.do

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+
+*********************************************************************************
+*Table C6.The Impact of Elite Networks and Elite Power: Controlling for Placebo Networks
+*********************************************************************************
+
+
+use Data\NationalCntyYr.dta,clear
+
+
+
+********************************************************************************
+********** gen interactions
+
+
+gen hXZeng_exam0_invdist=hunan*Zeng_exam0_invdist
+
+gen hXinvdist0_F1=invdist0_F1*hunan
+gen hXinvdist0_L1=invdist0_L1*hunan
+
+
+
+foreach x of varlist hunan  Zeng_all0_invdist Zenghu_all_invdist Zeng_exam0_invdist Zeng_Extraexam_invdist hXZeng_exam0_invdist martyrs_tot_post hXinvdist0_F1 hXinvdist0_L1  invdist0_L1  invdist0_F1{
+gen `x'Xperiod=`x'*period
+
+}
+
+foreach x of varlist  lnurbanpop prefcap lnjinshi lncntyquota0 lncntypop lncntyarea  mainriv dist2canal lnrice lnwheat dist_nanjing Taiping_route1 {
+gen `x'Xperiod=`x'*period
+
+}
+
+
+
+********************************************************************************
+
+keep if year > =1820
+
+********************************************************************************
+
+
+ivreghdfe alloff  (martyrs_tot_postXperiod  = hXZeng_exam0_invdistXperiod )  Zeng_exam0_invdistXperiod hunanXperiod lnurbanpopXperiod-Taiping_route1Xperiod , absorb(year samcntyid ) cluster(prefid )
+
+outreg2 using Results\Appendix_Table_C6.doc, keep( hXZeng_exam0_invdistXperiod  martyrs_tot_postXperiod   Zeng_exam0_invdistXperiod hXinvdist0_L1Xperiod  invdist0_L1Xperiod  hXinvdist0_F1Xperiod  invdist0_F1Xperiod hunanXperiod )  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons replace   
+
+
+
+ivreghdfe alloff  (martyrs_tot_postXperiod  = hXZeng_exam0_invdistXperiod )  Zeng_exam0_invdistXperiod hXinvdist0_L1Xperiod  invdist0_L1Xperiod  hXinvdist0_F1Xperiod  invdist0_F1Xperiod  hunanXperiod lnurbanpopXperiod-Taiping_route1Xperiod  , absorb(year samcntyid ) cluster(prefid  )
+
+outreg2 using Results\Appendix_Table_C6.doc, keep( hXZeng_exam0_invdistXperiod  martyrs_tot_postXperiod   Zeng_exam0_invdistXperiod hXinvdist0_L1Xperiod  invdist0_L1Xperiod  hXinvdist0_F1Xperiod  invdist0_F1Xperiod hunanXperiod )  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append  
+
+
+
+

104/replication_package/Replication/Programs/Appendix_Table_C7.do

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+
+*********************************************************************************************************
+**********  Table C.7. The Changes in Power Distribution by Decade
+*********************************************************************************************************
+
+
+use Data\EG_Index.dta, clear
+
+
+**** Gen Hunan dummy 
+gen hunan=(provcd==11)
+ 
+ 
+**** Gen number of offices net of the effect of connections*Hunan 
+gen alloff_NoConn=alloff
+replace alloff_NoConn=alloff_NoConn-estimate*Zeng_all0_invdist if hunan==1
+
+sort provcd year 
+collapse (sum) alloff alloff_NoConn labor, by(provcd year)
+
+
+sort year
+by year: egen tot_labor=sum(labor)
+gen x=labor/tot_labor 
+ 
+gen x2=x^2
+sort year
+by year: egen sigmax2=sum(x2)
+
+
+
+local vars "alloff  alloff_NoConn"
+
+foreach y of local vars {
+
+sort year
+by year: egen t`y'=sum(`y')
+gen s`y'=`y'/t`y'
+
+gen H`y'=1/t`y'
+
+gen sminusx`y'=(s`y'-x)
+
+gen sminusx2`y'=(s`y'-x)^2
+sort year
+by year: egen G`y'=sum(sminusx2`y')
+
+gen gama`y'=(G`y'-(1-sigmax2)*H`y')/((1-sigmax2)*(1-H`y'))
+}
+
+
+
+****************** ****************** ****************** ****************** 
+
+keep if provcd==10
+
+keep year gamaalloff  gamaalloff_NoConn 
+
+label var gamaalloff "EG Index"
+label var gamaalloff_NoConn "EG Index excluding the Hunan*connected officials"
+
+****
+
+
+
+*************************** Table C.7. The Changes in Power Distribution by Decade 
+
+gen dec=int(year/10)
+table dec
+table dec, c(mean gamaalloff   mean gamaalloff_NoConn)
+
+

104/replication_package/Replication/Programs/Figure_3.do

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+
+***************************************************************************************
+************************** Figure 3: Motivational Evidence on Elite Networks and Soldier Deaths
+****************************************************************************************
+
+use Data\HunanCntyYr.dta,clear
+
+*********************************************************************************
+
+gen connect=(Zeng_all0_invdist>0)
+
+ 
+**** **** **** 
+gen year0=year
+tabout year0 connect using Results\Figure_3.txt, replace  cells(mean martyr) format(3)  sum
+
+
+**** **** **** **** **** **** ******* **** **** **** **** **** ******* **** **** **** **** **** ***
+**** **** **** **** **** **** **** graphing: parallel
+ 
+clear
+import delimited "Results\Figure_3.txt"
+drop in 1/3
+drop in 16
+destring v1, force gen(year)
+destring v2, force gen(NonConnect_martyr)
+destring v3, force gen(Connect_martyr)
+destring v4, force gen(tot_martyr)
+
+drop v1 v2 v3 v4 
+sum
+sort year
+
+twoway  connect  Connect_martyr year,  msymbol(O) mc(gs6)  lp(solid) lc(gs6) lw(medthick)  || ///
+ connect  NonConnect_martyr year,  legend(order(1 "Connected" 2 "Unconnected") row(2))    ylabel(0(40)120) msymbol(Oh) mc(gs6)   lp(dash) lc(gs6) lw(medthick)     ///
+xsize(8) ysize(6) xline(1853, lc(blue) lp(solid)) graphregion( color(white) ifcolor(white) ilcolor(white) fcolor(white))  title("Number of soldier deaths:" "connected & unconnected counties in Hunan", size(median) )  
+
+  
+graph export Results\Figure_3.png, replace
+ 
+ 

104/replication_package/Replication/Programs/Figure_4.do

@@ -0,0 +1,285 @@
+
+*********************************************************************************
+*** Figure 4: The Impact of Elite Connections on Soldier Deaths: Year-by-Year Estimates
+*********************************************************************************
+
+
+use Data\HunanCntyYr.dta,clear
+
+
+********************************************************************************
+********************** gen Zeng Guofan period dummies
+
+gen Post=0 if year<1854
+replace Post=1 if year>=1854&year<=1864
+
+
+
+foreach y of varlist Zeng_all0_invdist_pc Zeng_all0_pc Zenghu_all Zenghu_all_invdist  Zeng_all0 Zeng_all0_invdist  Zeng_exam0_invdist  Zeng_BMF_invdist Zeng_Juren_invdist lnarea capital lnurbanpop  lnpop  dist_nanjing lnjinshi lnquotas mainriv route1 dist2canal lnwheat lnrice  {
+gen `y'_Post=`y'*Post
+
+}
+
+
+********************** ********************** ********************** **********************
+********************** gen year dummies
+
+
+tab year, gen(year)
+local r=1 
+while `r'<16 {
+local s=`r'+1849
+rename year`r' yr`s'
+local r=`r'+1
+}
+
+**
+foreach y of varlist    Zeng_all0_invdist Zeng_all0 Zeng_all0_invdist_pc Zeng_all0_pc{
+foreach x of varlist yr1850-yr1852 yr1854-yr1864 {
+gen `y'_`x'=`y'*`x'
+}
+}
+
+
+**************************
+
+egen  prefidXyear=group(prefid year)
+
+
+*** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** 
+*** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** Weighted
+
+
+xi: reghdfe  lnmartyr1 Zeng_all0_invdist_yr*    capital_Post lnurbanpop_Post  lnjinshi_Post  lnquotas_Post route1_Post  dist_nanjing_Post mainriv_Post dist2canal_Post  lnwheat_Post lnrice_Post lnpop_Post lnarea_Post      , absorb(year cntyid  prefidXyear)   cluster( cntyid)
+
+outreg2 using Results\Placebo_Yearly_ctrl_all0_invdist.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_invdist_yr* )   se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons replace 
+parmest, saving( Results\Placebo_Yearly_ctrl_all0_invdist, replace)
+
+
+
+*** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** 
+*** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** unweighted
+
+xi: reghdfe  lnmartyr1 Zeng_all0_yr*    capital_Post lnurbanpop_Post  lnjinshi_Post  lnquotas_Post route1_Post  dist_nanjing_Post mainriv_Post dist2canal_Post  lnwheat_Post lnrice_Post lnpop_Post lnarea_Post     , absorb(year cntyid  prefidXyear)   cluster( cntyid)
+
+outreg2 using Results\Placebo_Yearly_ctrl_all0_invdist.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_yr* )   se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append 
+parmest, saving( Results\Placebo_Yearly_ctrl_all0, replace)
+
+
+*** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** 
+*** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** per capita weighted
+
+xi: reghdfe  lnmartyr1 Zeng_all0_invdist_pc_yr*    capital_Post lnurbanpop_Post  lnjinshi_Post  lnquotas_Post route1_Post  dist_nanjing_Post mainriv_Post dist2canal_Post lnwheat_Post lnrice_Post lnpop_Post lnarea_Post      , absorb(year cntyid  prefidXyear)   cluster( cntyid)
+
+outreg2 using Results\Placebo_Yearly_ctrl_all0_invdist.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_invdist_pc_yr* )   se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append 
+parmest, saving( Results\Placebo_Yearly_ctrl_all0_invdist_pc, replace)
+
+
+
+*** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** 
+*** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** per capita unweighted
+
+
+xi: reghdfe  lnmartyr1 Zeng_all0_pc_yr*    capital_Post lnurbanpop_Post  lnjinshi_Post  lnquotas_Post route1_Post  dist_nanjing_Post mainriv_Post dist2canal_Post lnwheat_Post lnrice_Post lnpop_Post lnarea_Post     , absorb(year cntyid  prefidXyear)   cluster(cntyid)
+
+outreg2 using Results\Placebo_Yearly_ctrl_all0_invdist.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_pc_yr* )   se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append 
+parmest, saving( Results\Placebo_Yearly_ctrl_all0_pc, replace)
+
+
+
+
+********************************* Graphing
+*********************************
+*********************************
+preserve
+use Results\Placebo_Yearly_ctrl_all0_invdist, clear
+
+
+gen i=_n
+keep if i<=15
+gen time=i
+
+
+gen zero=0
+label var zero "the effect = 0"
+label var estimate "the coefficent of logged total deaths"
+
+keep time max95 min95 time estimate zero
+
+
+
+replace time=time+1 if time>3
+replace time=4 if time==16
+
+foreach x of varlist estimate   {
+replace `x'=0 if  time==4
+}
+
+foreach x of varlist   max95 min95  {
+replace `x'=0 if  time==4
+}
+
+replace time=1849+time
+
+
+****
+sort time
+label var time "Year"
+ 
+
+twoway (rcap max95 min95 time, ylabel(-0.25(0.25)0.5) lstyle(ci)  xtitle(" ") )   ///
+  (connect estimate time, lp(solid) lc(black) lw(medthick) xline(1853, lpattern(solid) lcolor(blue) lw(medthick)) xsize(6) ysize(6)) ///
+       (scatter estimate time, mstyle(p1)  yline(0, lpattern(solid) lcolor(red))  ///
+	   legend(off) xlabel(1850(5)1865) graphregion(color(white) ifcolor(white) ilcolor(white) fcolor(white))  saving(Results\Yearly1_All0_invdist, replace) title(A. Weighted connections, size(medsmall)))
+   
+   
+restore
+
+
+
+
+*********************************
+preserve
+use Results\Placebo_Yearly_ctrl_all0, clear
+
+
+gen i=_n
+keep if i<=15
+gen time=i
+
+
+gen zero=0
+label var zero "the effect = 0"
+label var estimate "the coefficent of logged total deaths"
+
+keep time max95 min95 time estimate zero
+
+
+
+replace time=time+1 if time>3
+replace time=4 if time==16
+
+foreach x of varlist estimate   {
+replace `x'=0 if  time==4
+}
+
+foreach x of varlist   max95 min95  {
+replace `x'=0 if  time==4
+}
+
+replace time=1849+time
+
+
+****
+sort time
+label var time "Year"
+ 
+
+twoway (rcap max95 min95 time, ylabel(-0.25(0.25)0.5) lstyle(ci)  xtitle(" ") )   ///
+  (connect estimate time, lp(solid) lc(black) lw(medthick) xline(1853, lpattern(solid) lcolor(blue) lw(medthick)) xsize(6) ysize(6)) ///
+       (scatter estimate time, mstyle(p1)  yline(0, lpattern(solid) lcolor(red))  ///
+	    legend(off) xlabel(1850(5)1865) graphregion(color(white) ifcolor(white) ilcolor(white) fcolor(white))  saving(Results\Yearly1_All0, replace) title(B. Unweighted connections, size(medsmall)))
+   
+   
+restore
+
+
+
+
+*********************************
+preserve
+use Results\Placebo_Yearly_ctrl_all0_invdist_pc, clear
+
+
+gen i=_n
+keep if i<=15
+gen time=i
+
+
+gen zero=0
+label var zero "the effect = 0"
+label var estimate "the coefficent of logged total deaths"
+
+keep time max95 min95 time estimate zero
+
+
+
+replace time=time+1 if time>3
+replace time=4 if time==16
+
+foreach x of varlist estimate   {
+replace `x'=0 if  time==4
+}
+
+foreach x of varlist   max95 min95  {
+replace `x'=0 if  time==4
+}
+
+replace time=1849+time
+
+
+****
+sort time
+label var time "Year"
+ 
+ 
+twoway (rcap max95 min95 time, ylabel(-0.08(0.08)0.16) lstyle(ci)  xtitle(" ") )   ///
+  (connect estimate time, lp(solid) lc(black) lw(medthick) xline(1853, lpattern(solid) lcolor(blue) lw(medthick)) xsize(6) ysize(6)) ///
+       (scatter estimate time, mstyle(p1)  yline(0, lpattern(solid) lcolor(red))  ///
+	   legend(order(2 "Effects of elite connections")  size(small) row(1) region(color(none)))  xlabel(1850(5)1865) graphregion(color(white) ifcolor(white) ilcolor(white) fcolor(white))  saving(Results\Yearly1_All0_invdist_pc, replace) title(C. Weighted connections per capita, size(medsmall)))
+	   
+restore
+
+
+
+
+*********************************
+preserve
+use Results\Placebo_Yearly_ctrl_all0_pc, clear
+
+
+gen i=_n
+keep if i<=15
+gen time=i
+
+
+gen zero=0
+label var zero "the effect = 0"
+label var estimate "the coefficent of logged total deaths"
+
+keep time max95 min95 time estimate zero
+
+
+
+replace time=time+1 if time>3
+replace time=4 if time==16
+
+foreach x of varlist estimate   {
+replace `x'=0 if  time==4
+}
+
+foreach x of varlist   max95 min95  {
+replace `x'=0 if  time==4
+}
+
+replace time=1849+time
+
+
+****
+sort time
+label var time "Year"
+ 
+ 
+  
+twoway (rcap max95 min95 time, ylabel(-0.08(0.08)0.16) lstyle(ci)  xtitle(" ") )   ///
+  (connect estimate time, lp(solid) lc(black) lw(medthick)  xline(1853, lpattern(solid) lcolor(blue) lw(medthick)) xsize(6) ysize(6)) ///
+       (scatter estimate time, mstyle(p1)  yline(0, lpattern(solid) lcolor(red))  ///
+	   legend(order(1 "95% CI")  size(small) row(1) region(color(none)))  xlabel(1850(5)1865) graphregion(color(white) ifcolor(white) ilcolor(white) fcolor(white))  saving(Results\Yearly1_All0_pc, replace) title(D. Unweighted connections per capita, size(medsmall)))
+   
+   
+restore
+
+
+gr combine Results\Yearly1_All0_invdist.gph  Results\Yearly1_All0.gph Results\Yearly1_All0_invdist_pc.gph  Results\Yearly1_All0_pc.gph  , row(2)  ysize(18) xsize(15)  graphregion(color(white) ifcolor(white) ilcolor(white) fcolor(white))
+graph export Results\Figure_4.png, replace
+

104/replication_package/Replication/Programs/Figure_5.do

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+
+*********************************************************************************************************
+***************** Figure 5: Motivational Evidence for the Power Effect
+*********************************************************************************************************
+
+use Data\NationalCntyYr.dta,clear
+
+
+********************************************************************************
+
+gen connect=(Zenghu_all_invdist>0)
+gen death=(martyrs_tot_post>0)
+
+table hunan connect
+gen hunanXconnect=1
+replace hunanXconnect=4 if hunan==1&connect==1
+replace hunanXconnect=3 if hunan==0&connect==1
+replace hunanXconnect=2 if hunan==1&connect==0
+table year hunanXconnect
+
+keep if year>=1820
+
+****************************************************************************************  
+preserve
+tabout year hunanXconnect using Results\Official_HunanXconn_1800_1910.txt, replace  cells(mean alloff) format(3)  sum
+
+clear
+import delimited "Results\Official_HunanXconn_1800_1910.txt"
+drop in 1/3
+drop in 92
+sum
+destring v1, force gen(year)
+destring v2, force gen(UnXnonHunan)
+destring v3, force gen(UnXHunan)
+destring v4, force gen(ConnXnonHunan)
+destring v5, force gen(ConnXHunan)
+
+
+
+drop v1 v2 v3 v4 v5 v6
+sort year
+
+twoway (connect ConnXHunan  year, m(O) msize(vsmall) mc(gs6) lp(solid) lc(gs6) ylabel(0(0.2)0.8) ) ///
+(connect ConnXnonHunan  year, m(Oh) msize(vsmall) mc(gs6) lp(dash) lc(gs6)   ) ///
+(line UnXHunan year,  lp(solid) lc(gs6) xlabel(1820(10)1910) )  ///
+ (line UnXnonHunan year,  lp(dash) lc(gs6) xsize(8) ysize(6) xline(1850, lc(blue) lp(dash))  xline(1853, lc(blue) lp(solid))   xline(1864, lc(blue) lp(dash))   graphregion(color(white) ifcolor(white) ilcolor(white) fcolor(white)) xtitle(Year) ytitle(Number of natioinal-offices) legend(order(1 "Connected, Hunan (38)" 2 "Connected, non-Hunan (670)" 3 "Unconnected, Hunan (37)" 4 "Unconnected, non-Hunan (901)") row(2) size(small)) title("Number of national-offices" "Connected & unconnected counties in Hunan and non-Hunan", size(median)) )
+
+ 
+graph export Results\Figure_5.png, replace 
+ 
+
+

104/replication_package/Replication/Programs/Figure_6.do

@@ -0,0 +1,284 @@
+
+
+*********************************************************************************************************
+**** Figure 6: The dynamic impacts of elite network on national-level office
+*********************************************************************************************************
+
+
+use Data\NationalCntyYr.dta,clear
+
+
+********************************************************************************
+********** gen interactions
+
+
+gen nhXZenghu_all_invdist=nonhunan*Zenghu_all_invdist
+gen hXZenghu_all_invdist=hunan*Zenghu_all_invdist
+
+gen nhXZeng_all0_invdist=nonhunan*Zeng_all0_invdist
+gen hXZeng_all0_invdist=hunan*Zeng_all0_invdist
+
+
+foreach x of varlist hunan  Zenghu_all_invdist   Zeng_all0_invdist Zeng_all0_invdist_pc  invdist0_L1 invdist0_F1    Zeng_exam0_invdist  Zeng_Extraexam_invdist   Zeng_BMF_invdist    Zeng_juren0_invdist  nhXZenghu_all_invdist nhXZeng_all0_invdist  hXZenghu_all_invdist hXZeng_all0_invdist{
+gen `x'Xperiod1=`x'*period1
+gen `x'Xperiod2=`x'*period2
+gen `x'Xperiod=`x'*period
+
+}
+
+
+foreach x of varlist  lnurbanpop prefcap lnjinshi lncntyquota0 lncntypop lncntyarea  mainriv dist2canal lnrice lnwheat dist_nanjing Taiping_route1 {
+gen `x'Xperiod1=`x'*period1
+gen `x'Xperiod2=`x'*period2
+gen `x'Xperiod=`x'*period
+
+}
+
+foreach x of varlist  lnurbanpop prefcap lnjinshi lncntyquota0 lncntypop lncntyarea  mainriv dist2canal lnrice lnwheat dist_nanjing  Taiping_route1 {
+gen h`x'Xperiod1=hunan*`x'*period1
+gen h`x'Xperiod2=hunan*`x'*period2
+gen h`x'Xperiod=hunan*`x'*period
+}
+
+
+
+
+********************************************************************************
+********** gen year dummy & interactions
+
+
+drop if year==.
+tab year, gen(year)
+
+
+foreach x of varlist year2-year111 {
+gen hunanX`x'=hunan*`x'
+
+
+}
+
+***************************************************************
+foreach x of varlist year2-year111 {
+gen Zeng_all0_invdistX`x'=Zeng_all0_invdist*`x'
+}
+
+********
+foreach x of varlist year2-year111 {
+gen hXZeng_all0_invdistX`x'=hXZeng_all0_invdist*`x'
+}
+
+
+********
+foreach x of varlist year2-year111 {
+gen nhXZeng_all0_invdistX`x'=nhXZeng_all0_invdist*`x'
+}
+
+
+***************************************************************
+foreach x of varlist year2-year111 {
+gen Zenghu_all_invdistX`x'=Zenghu_all_invdist*`x'
+}
+
+********
+foreach x of varlist year2-year111 {
+gen hXZenghu_all_invdistX`x'=hXZenghu_all_invdist*`x'
+}
+
+
+********
+foreach x of varlist year2-year111 {
+gen nhXZenghu_all_invdistX`x'=nhXZenghu_all_invdist*`x'
+}
+
+
+********************************************************************************
+
+
+reghdfe alloff   hXZeng_all0_invdistXyear22-hXZeng_all0_invdistXyear111  nhXZeng_all0_invdistXyear22-nhXZeng_all0_invdistXyear111  hunanXyear22-hunanXyear111   lnurbanpopXperiod-Taiping_route1Xperiod   ,  absorb(year samcntyid  ) cluster(prefid )
+parmest, saving( Results\ConnectionOnSenior_all0_yearly_01, replace)
+
+
+
+reghdfe alloff  hXZeng_all0_invdistXyear22-hXZeng_all0_invdistXyear111  Zeng_all0_invdistXyear22-Zeng_all0_invdistXyear111 hunanXyear22-hunanXyear111  lnurbanpopXperiod-Taiping_route1Xperiod   ,  absorb(year samcntyid ) cluster(prefid )
+parmest, saving( Results\ConnectionOnSenior_all0_yearly_02, replace)
+
+
+
+preserve
+
+**************
+ 
+use Results\ConnectionOnSenior_all0_yearly_01, clear
+
+
+gen i=_n
+keep if i<=91
+gen time=i
+
+
+
+gen zero=0
+label var zero "the effect = 0"
+label var estimate "the coefficent of logged total deaths"
+
+keep time max95 min95 time estimate zero
+
+
+replace time=1820+time
+replace time=1820 if time==1911
+ 
+
+foreach x of varlist estimate   {
+replace `x'=0 if  time==1820
+}
+
+foreach x of varlist   max95 min95  {
+replace `x'=0 if  time==1820
+}
+
+
+gen year=time 
+
+****
+sort time
+label var time "Year"
+
+ 
+sum estimate if year<=1849
+gen bench=r(mean)
+
+ 
+***** 
+twoway  (rarea max95 min95 time, lstyle(ci)  msize(tiny) fc(gs12) c(none) lc(gs12))   (connect estimate time, msize(vsmall) lp(solid) lw(medthick) lc(gs7)  xline(1850, lpattern(dash) lcolor(blue))  xline(1853, lpattern(solid) lcolor(blue)) xline(1864, lpattern(dash) lcolor(blue)) ) (line zero time , lp(dash) lw(medthick) lc(gs0) )   /// 
+, leg(region(lp(blank)) rows(3))   title("A. Hunan", size(medium) )  xlabel(1820(30)1910) ylabel(-0.2(0.2)0.4)   legend(order(1 "95% CI" 2 "Effects of connections" ) row(2) region(color(none)))  graphregion(color(white) ifcolor(white) ilcolor(white) fcolor(white)) saving("Results\AllCnty_hunan_conn_All0_ctrl_0.gph", replace) xsize(3) ysize(3)
+ 
+restore 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+*********************************************************************************************************
+****  the connection effects in non-Hunan 
+
+preserve
+
+**************
+ 
+use Results\ConnectionOnSenior_all0_yearly_01, clear
+
+
+gen i=_n
+keep if i>=91&i<=181
+gen time=i-90
+
+
+gen zero=0
+label var zero "the effect = 0"
+label var estimate "the coefficent of logged total deaths"
+
+keep time max95 min95 time estimate zero
+
+
+replace time=1820+time
+replace time=1820 if time==1911
+ 
+
+foreach x of varlist estimate   {
+replace `x'=0 if  time==1820
+}
+
+foreach x of varlist   max95 min95  {
+replace `x'=0 if  time==1820
+}
+
+
+
+gen year=time 
+
+****
+sort time
+label var time "Year"
+
+ 
+sum estimate if year<=1849
+gen bench=r(mean)
+***** 
+twoway  (rarea max95 min95 time, lstyle(ci)  msize(tiny) fc(gs12) c(none) lc(gs12))   (connect estimate time, msize(vsmall) lp(solid) lw(medthick) lc(gs7)  xline(1850, lpattern(dash) lcolor(blue))  xline(1853, lpattern(solid) lcolor(blue)) xline(1864, lpattern(dash) lcolor(blue)) )   (line zero time , lp(dash) lw(medthick) lc(gs0) )   /// 
+, leg(region(lp(blank)) rows(3))   title("B. Non-Hunan", size(medium) )  xlabel(1820(30)1910) ylabel(-0.2(0.2)0.4)   legend(order(1 "95% CI" 2 "Effects of connections"  ) row(2) region(color(none)))  graphregion(color(white) ifcolor(white) ilcolor(white) fcolor(white)) saving("Results\AllCnty_nhunan_conn_All0_ctrl_0.gph", replace) xsize(3) ysize(3)
+ 
+restore 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+*********************************************************************************************************
+****  the difference in connection effects, hunan vs. non-hunan 
+
+
+preserve
+
+**************
+ 
+use Results\ConnectionOnSenior_all0_yearly_02, clear
+
+
+gen i=_n
+keep if i<=91
+gen time=i
+
+
+gen zero=0
+label var zero "the effect = 0"
+label var estimate "the coefficent of logged total deaths"
+
+keep time max95 min95 time estimate zero
+
+
+replace time=1820+time
+replace time=1820 if time==1911
+ 
+
+foreach x of varlist estimate   {
+replace `x'=0 if  time==1820
+}
+
+foreach x of varlist   max95 min95  {
+replace `x'=0 if  time==1820
+}
+
+
+gen year=time 
+
+****
+sort time
+label var time "Year"
+
+ 
+sum estimate if year<=1849
+gen bench=r(mean)
+
+ 
+***** 
+twoway  (rarea max95 min95 time, lstyle(ci)  msize(tiny) fc(gs12) c(none) lc(gs12))   (connect estimate time, msize(vsmall) lp(solid) lw(medthick) lc(gs7)  xline(1850, lpattern(dash) lcolor(blue))  xline(1853, lpattern(solid) lcolor(blue)) xline(1864, lpattern(dash) lcolor(blue)) ) (line zero time , lp(dash) lw(medthick) lc(gs0) )   /// 
+, leg(region(lp(blank)) rows(3))   title("C. Difference between Hunan and non-Hunan", size(medium) )  xlabel(1820(30)1910) ylabel(-0.2(0.2)0.4)   legend(order(1 "95% CI" 2 "Effects of connections * Hunan" ) row(2) region(color(none)))  graphregion(color(white) ifcolor(white) ilcolor(white) fcolor(white)) saving("Results\AllCnty_hXconn_All0_ctrl_0.gph", replace) xsize(3) ysize(3)
+ 
+restore 
+
+
+
+
+
+*********************************************************************************************************
+************************************************** Yearly effect of connections in Hunan, non-hunan, and the difference 
+************************************************** 
+
+graph combine   Results\AllCnty_hunan_conn_All0_ctrl_0.gph Results\AllCnty_nhunan_conn_All0_ctrl_0.gph  Results\AllCnty_hXconn_All0_ctrl_0.gph  , row(1) xsize(9) ysize(4.5) graphregion(color(white) ifcolor(white) ilcolor(white) fcolor(white))
+
+graph export Results\Figure_6.png, replace

104/replication_package/Replication/Programs/Figure_7.do

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+
+************************************************************************************************
+************* Figure 7: National-level Power Distribution and the Contribution of Elite Networks
+************************************************************************************************
+
+
+use Data\EG_Index.dta, clear
+
+
+**** Gen Hunan dummy 
+gen hunan=(provcd==11)
+ 
+ 
+**** Gen number of offices net of the effect of connections*Hunan 
+gen alloff_NoConn=alloff
+replace alloff_NoConn=alloff_NoConn-estimate*Zeng_all0_invdist if hunan==1
+
+sort provcd year 
+collapse (sum) alloff alloff_NoConn labor, by(provcd year)
+
+
+sort year
+by year: egen tot_labor=sum(labor)
+gen x=labor/tot_labor 
+ 
+gen x2=x^2
+sort year
+by year: egen sigmax2=sum(x2)
+
+
+
+
+local vars "alloff  alloff_NoConn"
+
+foreach y of local vars {
+
+sort year
+by year: egen t`y'=sum(`y')
+gen s`y'=`y'/t`y'
+
+gen H`y'=1/t`y'
+
+gen sminusx`y'=(s`y'-x)
+
+gen sminusx2`y'=(s`y'-x)^2
+sort year
+by year: egen G`y'=sum(sminusx2`y')
+
+gen gama`y'=(G`y'-(1-sigmax2)*H`y')/((1-sigmax2)*(1-H`y'))
+}
+
+
+
+****************** ****************** ****************** ****************** 
+
+keep if provcd==10
+
+
+keep year gamaalloff  gamaalloff_NoConn 
+
+gen hXconnRole=gamaalloff-gamaalloff_NoConn
+label var hXconnRole "The role of Hunan*connections"
+
+
+label var gamaalloff "EG Index"
+label var gamaalloff_NoConn "EG Index excluding the Hunan*connected officials"
+
+
+****
+
+
+*************************** Figure 7. National-level Power Distribution and the Contribution of Elite Networks
+
+
+scatter  gamaalloff  year, ylabel(0(0.02)0.06)   xlabel(1820(30)1910)  ms(O) mc(gs4) msize(medium) || scatter gamaalloff_NoConn   year, ylabel(0(0.02)0.06) xlabel(1820(30)1910) ms(Oh) mc(blue) msize(medium) mlwidth(medthick) xtitle(Year) ytitle(EG index) title(A. EG index)  graphregion(color(white) ifcolor(white) ilcolor(white) fcolor(white)) legend(order(1 "Real" 2 "Counterfactual: Net the effect of Hunan*connections") region(color(none)))  saving(Results\ProvEG.gph, replace)  xsize(4.5) ysize(4.5)
+
+****
+
+scatter hXconnRole  year,  legend(on) xlabel(1820(30)1910) ylabel(0(0.01)0.03)   ms(Oh) mc(gs1) mlwidth(medthick) msize(medium)  xtitle(Year) ytitle(Difference in the two indices) title(B. The role of Hunan*connections) graphregion(color(white) ifcolor(white) ilcolor(white) fcolor(white)) legend(order(1 "The role of Hunan*connections") region(color(none)))  saving(Results\Role_hXconn.gph, replace)   xsize(4.5) ysize(4.5) 
+
+graph combine Results\ProvEG.gph Results\Role_hXconn.gph,  row(1)  xsize(9) ysize(4.5) graphregion(color(white) ifcolor(white) ilcolor(white) fcolor(white))
+
+graph export Results\Figure_7.png, replace 
+

104/replication_package/Replication/Programs/Figure_8.do

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+
+*********************************************************************************************************
+**********  Figure 8. The Share of Provincial Officials from Connected Counties in Hunan 
+*********************************************************************************************************
+
+
+use Data\ProvGovernors.dta, clear 
+
+***** Gen the ratio from Hunan*counnected counties 
+
+gen RatioWar2053=mobbased2053/num2053
+gen RatioWar5464=mobbased5464/num5464
+gen RatioWar6599=mobbased6599/num6599 
+
+
+
+*************************** Figure 8. The Share of Provincial Officials from Connected Counties in Hunan 
+
+
+*Share of top-4 officials from Hunan*connected area
+scatter RatioWar5464 RatioWar2053 if  provinceid!=6,  xlabel(0(0.1)0.3) ylabel(0(0.1)0.3, tposition(inside)) xtitle("From Hunan*connected counties, 1820-53", size(medium)) ytitle("From Hunan*connected counties, 1854-64", size(medium) margin(right)) ms(Oh) mc(blue) mlwidth(medthick) mlabel(prov_en)   mlabcolor(black) mlabposition(1) xsize(6) ysize(6)  title(A. 1820-53 (Pre-war)  vs. 1854-64 (In-war), size(medium))  graphregion(color(white) ifcolor(white) ilcolor(white) fcolor(white)) saving(Results\ProvChief1_HXConn.gph, replace)
+
+
+
+**********************************************************
+ 
+scatter RatioWar6599  RatioWar5464 if  provinceid!=6 ,  xlabel(0(0.1)0.3) ylabel(0(0.1)0.3, tposition(inside)) xtitle("From Hunan*connected counties, 1854-64", size(medium)) ytitle("From Hunan*connected counties, 1865-99", size(medium) margin(right))   ms(Oh) mcolor(blue) mlwidth(medthick) mlabel(prov_en)  mlabcolor(black) mlabposition(1) legend(off) xsize(6) ysize(6)  title(B. 1854-64 (In-war) vs. 1865-99 (Post-war), size(medium))  graphregion(color(white) ifcolor(white) ilcolor(white) fcolor(white)) saving(Results\ProvChief2_HXConn.gph, replace)
+
+
+
+**********************************************************
+
+twoway lfitci  Yangtze RatioWar5464 if  provinceid!=6  , ciplot(rline) lp(solid) lcolor(black) || scatter Yangtze RatioWar5464 , ms(Oh) mc(blue)  mlwidth(medthick) legend(off) xtitle("From Hunan*connected counties, 1854-64", size(medium) margin(right))   ylabel(0(1)2, tposition(inside))  ytitle("Disobeying the imperial edict", size(medium))  xsize(6) ysize(6)  title(C. Prob. of disobeying the state, size(medium))  graphregion(color(white) ifcolor(white) ilcolor(white) fcolor(white)) saving(Results\ProvChief3_HXConn.gph, replace)
+
+
+
+graph combine Results\ProvChief1_HXConn.gph Results\ProvChief2_HXConn.gph Results\ProvChief3_HXConn.gph, row(1) xsize(18) ysize(6) graphregion(color(white) ifcolor(white) ilcolor(white) fcolor(white))
+
+graph export Results\Figure_8.png, replace width(3600) height(1200)

104/replication_package/Replication/Programs/Table_1.do

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+
+***************************************************************************************
+************************** Table 1: Summary Statistics 
+****************************************************************************************
+
+************************** PanelA: Hunan
+
+use Data\HunanCntyYr.dta,clear
+
+********************************************************************************
+
+
+sum martyr martyrs_tot_hn Zeng_all0_invdist  Zeng_all0_invdist_pc lnarea lnpop   lnrice lnwheat mainriv  dist2canal lnurbanpop capital  lnjinshi  lnquotas dist_nanjing route1
+
+
+********************************************************************************
+********************************************************************************
+
+************************** PanelB: All counties
+
+use Data\NationalCntyYr.dta,clear
+
+
+********************************************************************************
+
+sum  martyrs_tot_post Zeng_all0_invdist  alloff  lncntyarea lncntypop  lnrice lnwheat mainriv dist2canal   lnurbanpop  prefcap       lnjinshi  lncntyquota0   dist_nanjing   Taiping_route1
+
+   
+	
+		

104/replication_package/Replication/Programs/Table_2.do

@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+
+***************************************************************************************
+************************** Table 2： The Impact of Elite Connections on Soldier Deaths: DD Estimates 
+************************** Sample: Hunan counties, 1850--1864
+****************************************************************************************
+
+use Data\HunanCntyYr.dta,clear
+
+********************************************************************************
+********************** gen Zeng Guofan period dummies
+
+gen Post=0 if year<1854
+replace Post=1 if year>=1854&year<=1864
+
+
+foreach y of varlist Zeng_all0_invdist_pc Zeng_all0_pc Zenghu_all Zenghu_all_invdist  Zeng_all0 Zeng_all0_invdist  Zeng_exam0_invdist  Zeng_BMF_invdist Zeng_Juren_invdist lnarea capital lnurbanpop  lnpop  dist_nanjing lnjinshi lnquotas mainriv route1 dist2canal lnwheat lnrice  {
+gen `y'_Post=`y'*Post
+
+}
+
+
+********************************************************************************
+********************** regression
+
+
+xi: reghdfe  lnmartyr1  Zeng_all0_invdist_Post , absorb(year cntyid )  cluster( cntyid)
+outreg2 using Results\Table_2.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_invdist_Post)  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons replace
+ 
+  
+xi: reghdfe  lnmartyr1   lnurbanpop_Post mainriv_Post dist2canal_Post lnwheat_Post lnrice_Post lnpop_Post lnarea_Post  Zeng_all0_invdist_Post , absorb(year cntyid)  cluster(  cntyid)
+outreg2 using Results\Table_2.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_invdist_Post)  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append
+
+ 
+
+xi: reghdfe  lnmartyr1  capital_Post  lnurbanpop_Post  lnjinshi_Post  lnquotas_Post  mainriv_Post dist2canal_Post  lnwheat_Post lnrice_Post lnpop_Post lnarea_Post  Zeng_all0_invdist_Post , absorb(year cntyid)  cluster(  cntyid)
+outreg2 using Results\Table_2.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_invdist_Post)  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append
+ 
+
+xi: reghdfe  lnmartyr1  capital_Post  lnurbanpop_Post  lnjinshi_Post  lnquotas_Post route1_Post  dist_nanjing_Post mainriv_Post dist2canal_Post  lnwheat_Post lnrice_Post lnpop_Post lnarea_Post  Zeng_all0_invdist_Post , absorb(year cntyid)  cluster(  cntyid)
+outreg2 using Results\Table_2.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_invdist_Post)  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append
+ 
+
+
+*** *** *** *** *** ***
+*** *** *** *** *** ***
+
+xi: reghdfe  lnmartyr1   Zeng_all0_invdist_pc_Post , absorb(year cntyid)  cluster( cntyid)
+outreg2 using Results\Table_2.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_invdist_pc_Post )  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append
+ 
+xi: reghdfe  lnmartyr1  capital_Post  lnurbanpop_Post  lnjinshi_Post  lnquotas_Post route1_Post  dist_nanjing_Post mainriv_Post dist2canal_Post  lnwheat_Post lnrice_Post lnpop_Post lnarea_Post   Zeng_all0_invdist_pc_Post , absorb(year cntyid )  cluster( cntyid)
+outreg2 using Results\Table_2.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_invdist_pc_Post )  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append
+ 
+
+
+*** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** 
+*** *** *** 
+xi: reghdfe  lnmartyr1     Zeng_all0_Post , absorb(year cntyid)  cluster(  cntyid)
+outreg2 using Results\Table_2.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_Post)  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append
+ 
+ **** *** *** 
+xi: reghdfe  lnmartyr1    capital_Post  lnurbanpop_Post  lnjinshi_Post  lnquotas_Post route1_Post  dist_nanjing_Post mainriv_Post dist2canal_Post  lnwheat_Post lnrice_Post lnpop_Post lnarea_Post  Zeng_all0_Post , absorb(year cntyid )  cluster(  cntyid)
+outreg2 using Results\Table_2.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_Post)  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append
+
+
+*** *** *** 
+xi: reghdfe  lnmartyr1  Zeng_all0_pc_Post , absorb(year cntyid)  cluster(  cntyid)
+outreg2 using Results\Table_2.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_pc_Post )  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append
+
+ 
+xi: reghdfe  lnmartyr1  capital_Post  lnurbanpop_Post  lnjinshi_Post  lnquotas_Post route1_Post  dist_nanjing_Post mainriv_Post dist2canal_Post  lnwheat_Post lnrice_Post lnpop_Post lnarea_Post     Zeng_all0_pc_Post , absorb(year cntyid  )  cluster(  cntyid)
+outreg2 using Results\Table_2.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_pc_Post )  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append
+
+
+
+
+
+/*
+********** The same results using xtreg  
+
+
+xtreg  lnmartyr1 i.year  Zeng_all0_invdist_Post , fe  cluster( cntyid)
+outreg2 using Results\Table_2.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_invdist_Post)  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons replace
+ 
+  
+xtreg  lnmartyr1 i.year   lnurbanpop_Post mainriv_Post dist2canal_Post lnwheat_Post lnrice_Post lnpop_Post lnarea_Post  Zeng_all0_invdist_Post , fe   cluster(  cntyid)
+outreg2 using Results\Table_2.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_invdist_Post)  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append
+
+ 
+
+xtreg  lnmartyr1 i.year  capital_Post  lnurbanpop_Post  lnjinshi_Post  lnquotas_Post  mainriv_Post dist2canal_Post  lnwheat_Post lnrice_Post lnpop_Post lnarea_Post  Zeng_all0_invdist_Post , fe   cluster(  cntyid)
+outreg2 using Results\Table_2.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_invdist_Post)  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append
+ 
+
+xtreg  lnmartyr1 i.year  capital_Post  lnurbanpop_Post  lnjinshi_Post  lnquotas_Post route1_Post  dist_nanjing_Post mainriv_Post dist2canal_Post  lnwheat_Post lnrice_Post lnpop_Post lnarea_Post  Zeng_all0_invdist_Post , fe   cluster(  cntyid)
+outreg2 using Results\Table_2.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_invdist_Post)  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append
+ 
+
+
+*** *** *** *** *** ***
+*** *** *** *** *** ***
+
+xtreg  lnmartyr1 i.year   Zeng_all0_invdist_pc_Post , fe   cluster( cntyid)
+outreg2 using Results\Table_2.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_invdist_pc_Post )  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append
+ 
+xtreg  lnmartyr1 i.year  capital_Post  lnurbanpop_Post  lnjinshi_Post  lnquotas_Post route1_Post  dist_nanjing_Post mainriv_Post dist2canal_Post  lnwheat_Post lnrice_Post lnpop_Post lnarea_Post   Zeng_all0_invdist_pc_Post , fe   cluster( cntyid)
+outreg2 using Results\Table_2.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_invdist_pc_Post )  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append
+ 
+
+
+*** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** 
+*** *** *** 
+xtreg  lnmartyr1 i.year     Zeng_all0_Post , fe   cluster(  cntyid)
+outreg2 using Results\Table_2.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_Post)  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append
+ 
+ **** *** *** 
+xtreg  lnmartyr1 i.year    capital_Post  lnurbanpop_Post  lnjinshi_Post  lnquotas_Post route1_Post  dist_nanjing_Post mainriv_Post dist2canal_Post  lnwheat_Post lnrice_Post lnpop_Post lnarea_Post  Zeng_all0_Post , fe  cluster(  cntyid)
+outreg2 using Results\Table_2.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_Post)  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append
+
+
+*** *** *** 
+xtreg  lnmartyr1 i.year    Zeng_all0_pc_Post , fe   cluster(  cntyid)
+outreg2 using Results\Table_2.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_pc_Post )  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append
+
+ 
+xtreg  lnmartyr1 i.year    capital_Post  lnurbanpop_Post  lnjinshi_Post  lnquotas_Post route1_Post  dist_nanjing_Post mainriv_Post dist2canal_Post  lnwheat_Post lnrice_Post lnpop_Post lnarea_Post     Zeng_all0_pc_Post , fe  cluster(  cntyid)
+outreg2 using Results\Table_2.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_pc_Post )  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append
+
+*/
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

104/replication_package/Replication/Programs/Table_3.do

@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+
+********************************************************************************
+***** Table 3: The Impact of Elite Connections on Soldier Deaths: Types of Links 
+***** Sample: Hunan counties, 1850–1864
+********************************************************************************
+ 
+ 
+**This part produces Table 3 column (1)-(4)
+ 
+
+use Data\HunanCntyYr.dta,clear
+
+
+********************************************************************************
+********************** gen Zeng Guofan period dummies
+
+gen Post=0 if year<1854
+replace Post=1 if year>=1854&year<=1864
+
+
+
+foreach y of varlist Zeng_all0_invdist_pc Zeng_all0_pc Zenghu_all Zenghu_all_invdist  Zeng_all0 Zeng_all0_invdist  Zeng_exam0_invdist  Zeng_BMF_invdist Zeng_Juren_invdist lnarea capital lnurbanpop  lnpop  dist_nanjing lnjinshi lnquotas mainriv route1 dist2canal lnwheat lnrice {
+gen `y'_Post=`y'*Post
+
+}
+
+**************************
+
+egen  prefidXyear=group(prefid year)
+
+
+ 
+********************************************* Types of networks with Pref X Year FE
+
+
+reghdfe  lnmartyr1  Zenghu_all_invdist_Post  capital_Post lnurbanpop_Post  lnjinshi_Post  lnquotas_Post route1_Post  dist_nanjing_Post mainriv_Post dist2canal_Post   lnwheat_Post lnrice_Post lnpop_Post lnarea_Post   , absorb(year cntyid  prefidXyear)  cluster(cntyid)
+outreg2 using Results\Table_3.doc, keep(Zenghu_all_invdist_Post Zeng_BMF_invdist_Post Zeng_Juren_invdist_Post Zeng_exam0_invdist_Post)    se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons replace
+
+
+********
+reghdfe  lnmartyr1    Zeng_BMF_invdist_Post   capital_Post lnurbanpop_Post  lnjinshi_Post  lnquotas_Post route1_Post  dist_nanjing_Post mainriv_Post dist2canal_Post   lnwheat_Post lnrice_Post lnpop_Post lnarea_Post    , absorb(year cntyid  prefidXyear)  cluster( cntyid)
+outreg2 using Results\Table_3.doc, keep( Zenghu_all_invdist_Post Zeng_BMF_invdist_Post Zeng_Juren_invdist_Post Zeng_exam0_invdist_Post)    se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append 
+
+
+********
+reghdfe  lnmartyr1     Zeng_Juren_invdist_Post   capital_Post lnurbanpop_Post  lnjinshi_Post  lnquotas_Post route1_Post  dist_nanjing_Post mainriv_Post dist2canal_Post   lnwheat_Post lnrice_Post lnpop_Post lnarea_Post    , absorb(year cntyid  prefidXyear)  cluster( cntyid)
+outreg2 using Results\Table_3.doc, keep( Zenghu_all_invdist_Post Zeng_BMF_invdist_Post Zeng_Juren_invdist_Post Zeng_exam0_invdist_Post)    se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append 
+
+
+********
+reghdfe  lnmartyr1     Zeng_exam0_invdist_Post   capital_Post lnurbanpop_Post  lnjinshi_Post  lnquotas_Post route1_Post  dist_nanjing_Post mainriv_Post dist2canal_Post   lnwheat_Post lnrice_Post lnpop_Post lnarea_Post     , absorb(year cntyid  prefidXyear)  cluster( cntyid)
+outreg2 using Results\Table_3.doc, keep( Zenghu_all_invdist_Post Zeng_BMF_invdist_Post Zeng_Juren_invdist_Post Zeng_exam0_invdist_Post)    se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+********************************************************************************
+********************************************************************************
+********************************************************************************
+******************************* This part produces Table 3 column (5)-(7)
+
+
+use Data\HunanSurname.dta,clear
+
+
+ 
+********************** ********************** ********************** **********
+********************** gen Zeng Guofan period dummies
+
+gen Post=0 if year<1854
+replace Post=1 if year>=1854&year<=1864
+
+**
+foreach y of varlist  sur_invdis_zeng_all0  capital  lnurbanpop  lnjinshi  lnquotas route1  dist_nanjing mainriv dist2canal  lnwheat lnrice  lnarea  lnhh  {
+gen `y'_Post=`y'*Post
+}
+
+
+
+***************************************** gen FE effect
+
+
+*****
+
+egen  prefXyear=group(prefid year)
+
+gen cntyXyear=cntyid*100+(year-1850)
+gen surXyear=surname_id*100+(year-1850)
+gen cntyXsur=cntyid*1000+surname_id
+
+
+**************************************** gen subsample when either connected surname or martyr surname does not equal to 0
+
+sort cntyXsur
+by cntyXsur: egen mean_sur_invdis_zeng_all0=mean(sur_invdis_zeng_all0)
+by cntyXsur: egen mean_martyr_surname=mean(martyr_surname)
+
+gen subsample=(mean_sur_invdis_zeng_all0!=0|mean_martyr_surname!=0)
+gen subsample_network=(mean_sur_invdis_zeng_all0!=0)
+gen subsample_martyr=(mean_martyr_surname!=0)
+
+
+
+*************************************** gen diff.-Surname baseline connections
+sort cntyid year
+by cntyid year: egen sum_sur_invdis_zeng_all0=sum(sur_invdis_zeng_all0)
+gen oth_sur_invdis_zeng_all0=sum_sur_invdis_zeng_all0-sur_invdis_zeng_all0
+
+gen oth_sur_invdis_zeng_all0_Post=oth_sur_invdis_zeng_all0*Post
+
+
+*****************************************
+***************************************** Regressions
+
+
+reghdfe  lnmartyr_surname1 sur_invdis_zeng_all0_Post ///
+lnjinshi_Post lnquotas_Post capital_Post  lnurbanpop_Post route1_Post dist_nanjing_Post mainriv_Post lnhh_Post lnarea_Post  lnwheat_Post lnrice_Post dist2canal_Post if subsample==1, ///
+absorb(prefXyear surXyear cntyXsur cntyid year  ) cluster(cntyid surname_id)
+outreg2 using Results\Table_3.doc, keep(sur_invdis_zeng_all0_Post)   se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append
+
+
+reghdfe  lnmartyr_surname1 sur_invdis_zeng_all0_Post oth_sur_invdis_zeng_all0_Post  ///
+lnjinshi_Post lnquotas_Post capital_Post  lnurbanpop_Post route1_Post dist_nanjing_Post mainriv_Post  lnhh_Post lnarea_Post lnwheat_Post lnrice_Post dist2canal_Post if subsample==1, ///
+absorb(prefXyear surXyear cntyXsur cntyid year  ) cluster(cntyid surname_id)
+outreg2 using Results\Table_3.doc, keep(sur_invdis_zeng_all0_Post oth_sur_invdis_zeng_all0_Post)   se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append
+
+
+reghdfe  lnmartyr_surname1 sur_invdis_zeng_all0_Post if subsample==1, ///
+absorb(cntyXyear surXyear cntyXsur cntyid year) cluster(cntyid surname_id)
+outreg2 using Results\Table_3.doc, keep(sur_invdis_zeng_all0_Post)   se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append
+
+
+
+

104/replication_package/Replication/Programs/Table_4.do

@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+
+
+************************************************************************************************
+******************************** Table 4: Placebo tests: change the year of exam_column(1)-(6)
+************************************************************************************************
+
+use Data\HunanCntyYr.dta,clear
+
+
+********************************************************************************
+********************** gen Zeng Guofan period dummies
+
+gen Post=0 if year<1854
+replace Post=1 if year>=1854&year<=1864
+
+
+
+foreach y of varlist Zeng_all0_invdist_pc Zeng_all0_pc Zenghu_all Zenghu_all_invdist  Zeng_all0 Zeng_all0_invdist  Zeng_exam0_invdist  Zeng_BMF_invdist Zeng_Juren_invdist invdist0_L1 invdist0_F1 lnarea capital lnurbanpop  lnpop  dist_nanjing lnjinshi lnquotas mainriv route1 dist2canal lnwheat lnrice  {
+gen `y'_Post=`y'*Post
+
+}
+
+**************************
+
+egen  prefidXyear=group(prefid year)
+
+
+************************************* Change the year of exam
+
+reghdfe   lnmartyr1 Zeng_exam0_invdist_Post invdist0_L1_Post    capital_Post lnurbanpop_Post  lnjinshi_Post  lnquotas_Post route1_Post  dist_nanjing_Post mainriv_Post dist2canal_Post   lnwheat_Post lnrice_Post lnpop_Post lnarea_Post    if cntyid!=25 , absorb(year cntyid prefidXyear) cluster(cntyid)
+outreg2 using Results\Table_4.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_invdist_Post Zeng_exam0_invdist_Post invdist0_L1_Post invdist0_F1_Post)    se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons replace 
+
+
+reghdfe   lnmartyr1  Zeng_exam0_invdist_Post invdist0_F1_Post     capital_Post lnurbanpop_Post  lnjinshi_Post  lnquotas_Post route1_Post  dist_nanjing_Post mainriv_Post dist2canal_Post   lnwheat_Post lnrice_Post lnpop_Post lnarea_Post    if cntyid!=25 , absorb(year cntyid prefidXyear) cluster(  cntyid)
+outreg2 using Results\Table_4.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_invdist_Post Zeng_exam0_invdist_Post invdist0_L1_Post invdist0_F1_Post)    se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append
+
+
+reghdfe   lnmartyr1 Zeng_exam0_invdist_Post invdist0_L1_Post  invdist0_F1_Post   capital_Post lnurbanpop_Post  lnjinshi_Post  lnquotas_Post route1_Post  dist_nanjing_Post mainriv_Post dist2canal_Post   lnwheat_Post lnrice_Post lnpop_Post lnarea_Post    if cntyid!=25 , absorb(year cntyid prefidXyear) cluster( cntyid)
+outreg2 using Results\Table_4.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_invdist_Post Zeng_exam0_invdist_Post invdist0_L1_Post invdist0_F1_Post)    se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append
+
+
+
+
+************************************* IV estimates
+
+
+ 
+ivreghdfe lnmartyr1   (Zeng_all0_invdist_Post=Zeng_exam0_invdist_Post) invdist0_L1_Post     capital_Post lnurbanpop_Post  lnjinshi_Post  lnquotas_Post route1_Post  dist_nanjing_Post mainriv_Post dist2canal_Post   lnwheat_Post lnrice_Post lnpop_Post lnarea_Post  if cntyid!=25 ,  absorb(year cntyid  prefidXyear) cluster(  cntyid)
+ outreg2 using Results\Table_4.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_invdist_Post Zeng_exam0_invdist_Post invdist0_L1_Post invdist0_F1_Post)    se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append
+
+ 
+ivreghdfe  lnmartyr1   (Zeng_all0_invdist_Post=Zeng_exam0_invdist_Post)   invdist0_F1_Post  capital_Post lnurbanpop_Post  lnjinshi_Post  lnquotas_Post route1_Post  dist_nanjing_Post mainriv_Post dist2canal_Post   lnwheat_Post lnrice_Post lnpop_Post lnarea_Post  if cntyid!=25 ,  absorb(year cntyid  prefidXyear) cluster(  cntyid)
+outreg2 using Results\Table_4.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_invdist_Post Zeng_exam0_invdist_Post invdist0_L1_Post invdist0_F1_Post)    se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append
+
+ 
+ivreghdfe  lnmartyr1   (Zeng_all0_invdist_Post=Zeng_exam0_invdist_Post)  invdist0_L1_Post   invdist0_F1_Post capital_Post lnurbanpop_Post  lnjinshi_Post  lnquotas_Post route1_Post  dist_nanjing_Post mainriv_Post dist2canal_Post   lnwheat_Post lnrice_Post lnpop_Post lnarea_Post  if cntyid!=25 ,  absorb(year cntyid  prefidXyear) cluster(cntyid)
+outreg2 using Results\Table_4.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_invdist_Post Zeng_exam0_invdist_Post invdist0_L1_Post invdist0_F1_Post)    se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+************************************************************************************************
+************************************************************************************************
+******************************** Table 4: Placebo tests: change the year of exam_column(7)-(11)
+************************************************************************************************
+************************************************************************************************
+
+
+use Data\HuaiYr.dta,clear
+
+
+
+****************************
+
+
+gen Post=0 if year<1854
+replace Post=1 if year>=1854&year<=1864
+
+
+*********
+foreach y of varlist  Zeng_all0_invdist   Zeng_exam0_invdist invdist0_L1 invdist0_F1  lncntyarea lncntypop    lnrice lnwheat  mainriv dist2canal   prefcap     lnurbanpop   lnjinshi  lncntyquota0   dist_nanjing   Taiping_route1 {
+gen `y'_Post=`y'*Post
+}
+ 
+  
+
+********************* Table 4, columns (7)-(11)
+
+xi: reghdfe  lnmartyr_yr  prefcap_Post  lnurbanpop_Post  lnjinshi_Post  lncntyquota0_Post  Taiping_route1_Post dist_nanjing_Post mainriv_Post dist2canal_Post    lnrice_Post lnwheat_Post lncntypop_Post lncntyarea_Post  Zeng_all0_invdist_Post , absorb(year samcntyid   prefidXyear)  cluster(  samcntyid)
+outreg2 using Results\Table_4.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_invdist_Post)   se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append 
+
+
+xi: reghdfe  lnmartyr_yr  prefcap_Post  lnurbanpop_Post  lnjinshi_Post  lncntyquota0_Post  Taiping_route1_Post dist_nanjing_Post mainriv_Post dist2canal_Post    lnrice_Post lnwheat_Post lncntypop_Post lncntyarea_Post  Zeng_exam0_invdist_Post , absorb(year samcntyid   prefidXyear)  cluster(  samcntyid)
+outreg2 using Results\Table_4.doc, keep(Zeng_exam0_invdist_Post)   se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append   
+
+
+xi: reghdfe  lnmartyr_yr  prefcap_Post  lnurbanpop_Post  lnjinshi_Post  lncntyquota0_Post  Taiping_route1_Post dist_nanjing_Post mainriv_Post dist2canal_Post    lnrice_Post lnwheat_Post lncntypop_Post lncntyarea_Post  Zeng_exam0_invdist_Post invdist0_L1_Post, absorb(year samcntyid   prefidXyear)  cluster(  samcntyid)
+outreg2 using Results\Table_4.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_invdist_Post  Zeng_exam0_invdist_Post invdist0_L1_Post )   se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append  
+
+
+xi: reghdfe  lnmartyr_yr  prefcap_Post  lnurbanpop_Post  lnjinshi_Post  lncntyquota0_Post  Taiping_route1_Post dist_nanjing_Post mainriv_Post dist2canal_Post    lnrice_Post lnwheat_Post lncntypop_Post lncntyarea_Post  Zeng_exam0_invdist_Post  invdist0_F1_Post , absorb(year samcntyid   prefidXyear)  cluster(  samcntyid)
+outreg2 using Results\Table_4.doc, keep(Zeng_all0_invdist_Post  Zeng_exam0_invdist_Post invdist0_F1_Post)   se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append  
+
+
+xi: reghdfe  lnmartyr_yr  prefcap_Post  lnurbanpop_Post  lnjinshi_Post  lncntyquota0_Post  Taiping_route1_Post dist_nanjing_Post mainriv_Post dist2canal_Post    lnrice_Post lnwheat_Post lncntypop_Post lncntyarea_Post Zeng_exam0_invdist_Post invdist0_L1_Post  invdist0_F1_Post , absorb(year samcntyid   prefidXyear)  cluster(  samcntyid)
+outreg2 using Results\Table_4.doc, keep(Zeng_exam0_invdist_Post  Zeng_exam0_invdist_Post invdist0_L1_Post  invdist0_F1_Post)   se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append  
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

104/replication_package/Replication/Programs/Table_5.do

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+
+*********************************************************************************************************
+**********  Table 5： The Impact of Elite Connections on National Offices: DDD Estimates
+*********************************************************************************************************
+
+use Data\NationalCntyYr.dta,clear
+
+
+********************************************************************************
+********** gen interactions
+
+keep if year>=1820
+
+gen nhXZenghu_all_invdist=nonhunan*Zenghu_all_invdist
+gen hXZenghu_all_invdist=hunan*Zenghu_all_invdist
+
+gen nhXZeng_all0_invdist=nonhunan*Zeng_all0_invdist
+gen hXZeng_all0_invdist=hunan*Zeng_all0_invdist
+
+
+
+foreach x of varlist hunan  Zenghu_all_invdist   Zeng_all0_invdist Zeng_all0_invdist_pc  invdist0_L1 invdist0_F1    Zeng_exam0_invdist  Zeng_Extraexam_invdist   Zeng_BMF_invdist    Zeng_juren0_invdist  nhXZenghu_all_invdist nhXZeng_all0_invdist  hXZenghu_all_invdist hXZeng_all0_invdist{
+gen `x'Xperiod=`x'*period
+
+}
+
+
+
+foreach x of varlist  lnurbanpop prefcap lnjinshi lncntyquota0 lncntypop lncntyarea  mainriv dist2canal lnrice lnwheat dist_nanjing Taiping_route1 {
+gen `x'Xperiod=`x'*period
+
+}
+
+
+foreach x of varlist  lnurbanpop prefcap lnjinshi lncntyquota0 lncntypop lncntyarea  mainriv dist2canal lnrice lnwheat dist_nanjing  Taiping_route1 {
+gen h`x'Xperiod=hunan*`x'*period
+}
+
+
+
+********************************************************************************
+
+
+***************
+reghdfe alloff      Zeng_all0_invdistXperiod   if hunan==1, absorb(year samcntyid) cluster(prefid )
+outreg2 using Results\Table_5.doc, keep( hXZeng_all0_invdistXperiod    Zeng_all0_invdistXperiod  hunanXperiod)  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons replace 
+
+
+reghdfe alloff    lnurbanpopXperiod-Taiping_route1Xperiod     Zeng_all0_invdistXperiod if hunan==1, absorb(year samcntyid) cluster(prefid  )
+outreg2 using Results\Table_5.doc, keep( hXZeng_all0_invdistXperiod    Zeng_all0_invdistXperiod  hunanXperiod)  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append
+
+  
+***************
+reghdfe alloff      Zeng_all0_invdistXperiod   if hunan==0, absorb(year samcntyid) cluster(prefid  )
+outreg2 using Results\Table_5.doc, keep( hXZeng_all0_invdistXperiod    Zeng_all0_invdistXperiod  hunanXperiod)  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append
+
+reghdfe alloff    lnurbanpopXperiod-Taiping_route1Xperiod     Zeng_all0_invdistXperiod if hunan==0, absorb(year samcntyid) cluster(prefid  )
+outreg2 using Results\Table_5.doc, keep( hXZeng_all0_invdistXperiod    Zeng_all0_invdistXperiod  hunanXperiod)  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append
+
+***************
+reghdfe alloff     hXZeng_all0_invdistXperiod    Zeng_all0_invdistXperiod hunanXperiod, absorb(year samcntyid ) cluster(prefid  )
+outreg2 using Results\Table_5.doc, keep( hXZeng_all0_invdistXperiod    Zeng_all0_invdistXperiod  hunanXperiod)  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append
+
+reghdfe alloff    lnurbanpopXperiod-Taiping_route1Xperiod  hXZeng_all0_invdistXperiod    Zeng_all0_invdistXperiod hunanXperiod, absorb(year samcntyid ) cluster(prefid  )
+outreg2 using Results\Table_5.doc, keep( hXZeng_all0_invdistXperiod    Zeng_all0_invdistXperiod  hunanXperiod)  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append  
+
+
+
+ 
+ 
+ 
+      
+

104/replication_package/Replication/Programs/Table_6.do

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+
+*********************************************************************************
+*************************** Table 6. The Power Effect: the Role of Soldier Deaths 
+*********************************************************************************
+
+
+use Data\NationalCntyYr.dta,clear
+
+
+
+********************************************************************************
+********** gen interactions
+
+
+gen hXZeng_all0_invdist=hunan*Zeng_all0_invdist
+gen hXZeng_exam0_invdist=hunan*Zeng_exam0_invdist
+gen hXZeng_Extraexam_invdist=hunan*Zeng_Extraexam_invdist
+
+
+foreach x of varlist hunan  Zeng_all0_invdist Zenghu_all_invdist Zeng_exam0_invdist Zeng_Extraexam_invdist hXZeng_all0_invdist hXZeng_exam0_invdist hXZeng_Extraexam_invdist martyrs_tot_post{
+gen `x'Xperiod=`x'*period
+
+}
+
+foreach x of varlist  lnurbanpop prefcap lnjinshi lncntyquota0 lncntypop lncntyarea  mainriv dist2canal lnrice lnwheat dist_nanjing Taiping_route1 {
+gen `x'Xperiod=`x'*period
+
+}
+
+
+********************************************************************************
+
+keep if year > =1820
+
+
+
+*******
+
+***************  ***************  ***************  ***************
+***************  ***************  ***************  *************** DDD Estimates, IV estimates, and Overid
+***************  ***************  ***************  ***************
+
+*********
+reghdfe alloff    lnurbanpopXperiod-Taiping_route1Xperiod  hXZeng_all0_invdistXperiod    Zeng_all0_invdistXperiod hunanXperiod, absorb(year samcntyid )  cluster(prefid )
+
+outreg2 using Results\Table_6.doc, keep( hXZeng_all0_invdistXperiod    Zeng_all0_invdistXperiod hunanXperiod)  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons replace 
+
+
+*********
+reghdfe alloff    lnurbanpopXperiod-Taiping_route1Xperiod martyrs_tot_postXperiod    Zeng_all0_invdistXperiod hunanXperiod, absorb(year samcntyid )  cluster(prefid )
+
+outreg2 using Results\Table_6.doc, keep( hXZeng_all0_invdistXperiod  martyrs_tot_postXperiod  Zeng_all0_invdistXperiod hunanXperiod)  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append 
+
+
+*********
+reghdfe alloff    lnurbanpopXperiod-Taiping_route1Xperiod martyrs_tot_postXperiod  hXZeng_all0_invdistXperiod  Zeng_all0_invdistXperiod hunanXperiod, absorb(year samcntyid )  cluster(prefid )
+
+outreg2 using Results\Table_6.doc, keep( hXZeng_all0_invdistXperiod  martyrs_tot_postXperiod  Zeng_all0_invdistXperiod hunanXperiod)  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append 
+
+
+*********
+
+ivreghdfe alloff  (martyrs_tot_postXperiod =     hXZeng_Extraexam_invdistXperiod hXZeng_exam0_invdistXperiod) Zeng_exam0_invdistXperiod   Zeng_Extraexam_invdistXperiod      lnurbanpopXperiod-Taiping_route1Xperiod       hunanXperiod , absorb(year samcntyid ) cluster(prefid )
+
+outreg2 using Results\Table_6.doc, keep(martyrs_tot_postXperiod  hXZeng_exam0_invdistXperiod hXZeng_Extraexam_invdistXperiod Zenghu_all_invdistXperiod Zenghu_all_invdistXperiod Zeng_exam0_invdistXperiod   Zeng_Extraexam_invdistXperiod  hunanXperiod )  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append 
+
+*********
+ivreghdfe alloff  (martyrs_tot_postXperiod =     hXZeng_Extraexam_invdistXperiod ) hXZeng_exam0_invdistXperiod Zeng_exam0_invdistXperiod   Zeng_Extraexam_invdistXperiod     lnurbanpopXperiod-Taiping_route1Xperiod     hunanXperiod  , absorb(year samcntyid) cluster(prefid)
+
+outreg2 using Results\Table_6.doc, keep(martyrs_tot_postXperiod  hXZeng_exam0_invdistXperiod hXZeng_Extraexam_invdistXperiod Zenghu_all_invdistXperiod Zenghu_all_invdistXperiod Zeng_exam0_invdistXperiod   Zeng_Extraexam_invdistXperiod  hunanXperiod)  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append 
+
+*********
+ivreghdfe alloff  (martyrs_tot_postXperiod =   hXZeng_exam0_invdistXperiod)   hXZeng_Extraexam_invdistXperiod  Zeng_exam0_invdistXperiod   Zeng_Extraexam_invdistXperiod     hunanXperiod  lnurbanpopXperiod-Taiping_route1Xperiod      , absorb(year samcntyid ) cluster(prefid )
+
+outreg2 using Results\Table_6.doc, keep(martyrs_tot_postXperiod  hXZeng_exam0_invdistXperiod hXZeng_Extraexam_invdistXperiod Zenghu_all_invdistXperiod Zenghu_all_invdistXperiod Zeng_exam0_invdistXperiod   Zeng_Extraexam_invdistXperiod  hunanXperiod)  se  bdec(3) rdec(3) nocons append 
+
+
+

104/replication_package/Replication/Results/AllCnty_hXconn_All0_ctrl_0.gph

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
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+size 13988

104/replication_package/Replication/Results/AllCnty_hXconn_all0_yearly_A_0.gph

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+size 13921

104/replication_package/Replication/Results/AllCnty_hXconn_all0_yearly_Entry_0.gph

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104/replication_package/Replication/Results/AllCnty_hXconn_all0_yearly_Rentry_0.gph

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104/replication_package/Replication/Results/AllCnty_hunan_conn_All0_ctrl_0.gph

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104/replication_package/Replication/Results/AllCnty_nhunan_conn_All0_ctrl_0.gph

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