add 41

41/paper.pdf

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:2e4b152dd9fe0208ec4ab10ab1f616697a1682c38722e1607a66189039ea7320
+size 679560

41/replication_package/1_jtg_install_packages.do

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+*Install necessary Stata packages
+
+ssc install ranktest, replace
+ssc install xtabond2, replace
+ssc install ivreg2, replace
+ssc install reghdfe, replace
+ssc install ivreghdfe, replace
+ssc install outreg2, replace
+ssc install plausexog, replace

41/replication_package/2_jtg_prepare_data_all.do

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+clear
+
+*IMPORTANT: Set current directoy to path of do-file before running
+cd "path of this do file"
+
+
+// OUTLINE OF THIS DO-FILE
+* 1 Import data sets and construct variables
+* 2 Code neighbors, second neighbors, and bilateral distances used in IV and controls for spatial spill-overs
+* 3 Construct IV
+* 4 Construct controls for spatial spill-overs
+* 5 Merge intermediate data sets and prepare final data set for analysis
+
+
+*###############################################################################
+*	1 IMPORT DATA AND CONSTRUCT MAIN VARIABLES
+*###############################################################################
+
+use "jtg_data_raw\mtech_raw.dta"
+
+local categories "s a r t m h"
+local stechs "1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9"
+local atechs "1 2 3 4 5"
+local rtechs "1 2 3 4 5 6"
+local ttechs "1 2 3 4 5"
+local mtechs "1 2"
+local htechs "1 2"
+
+// GENERATE MILITARY TECHNOLOGY INDEX FROM DATA ON INDIVIDUAL TECHNOLOGIES
+gen mtech=0
+foreach x of local categories {
+gen mtech_`x'=0
+foreach y of local `x'techs {
+replace mtech=mtech+`x'`y'_use
+replace mtech_`x'=mtech_`x'+`x'`y'_use
+}
+}
+gen mtech_exf=mtech_a+mtech_r+mtech_t+mtech_m+mtech_h
+gen mtech_exgen=mtech-r4_use-r5_use-r6_use-h2_use-t4_use-t5_use
+drop mtech_s mtech_a mtech_r mtech_t mtech_m mtech_h
+
+
+//MERGE REGIONS AND COUNTRY CODE CROSSWALK
+merge m:1 iso3 using "jtg_data_raw/country_codes.dta", keepusing(continent* region* COW_ccode)
+drop if _merge!=3
+drop _merge
+rename COW_ccode ccode
+drop if iso3=="KOS"
+
+// ADD WORLD BANL CLASSIFICATION OF REGIONS (TO CONSTRUCT ACEMOGLU ET AL IV FOR DEMOCRACY)
+gen region3=region2
+replace region3="Eastern Europe and Central Asia" if country=="Kazakhstan"
+replace region3="Eastern Europe and Central Asia" if country=="Kyrgyzstan"
+replace region3="Eastern Europe and Central Asia" if country=="Tajikistan"
+replace region3="Eastern Europe and Central Asia" if country=="Turkmenistan"
+replace region3="Eastern Europe and Central Asia" if country=="Uzbekistan"
+replace region3="Eastern Europe and Central Asia" if country=="Armenia"
+replace region3="Eastern Europe and Central Asia" if country=="Azerbaijan"
+replace region3="Eastern Europe and Central Asia" if country=="Georgia"
+replace region3="Eastern Europe and Central Asia" if country=="Russian Federation"
+
+replace region3="East Asia and the Pacific" if region3=="Asia and Oceania"
+replace region3="Eastern Europe and Central Asia" if region3=="Eastern Europe and Balkan"
+
+
+//MERGE GDP FROM MADDISON
+rename iso3 countrycode
+merge 1:1 countrycode year using "jtg_data_raw/maddison_gdp.dta", keepusing(cgdppc)
+gen temp=ln(cgdppc)
+ipolate temp year, gen(lngdpc) by(countrycode)
+drop if _merge==2
+drop _merge temp cgdppc
+rename countrycode iso3
+
+
+// FIX CCODE TO EASE MERGE
+replace ccode = 529 if country=="Ethiopia" & year>=1993
+replace ccode = 818 if country=="Viet nam" & year>=1976
+replace ccode = 315 if country=="Czech Republic" & year<1993
+replace ccode = 342 if country=="Serbia" & year<=1920
+replace ccode = 345 if country=="Serbia" & year>1920 & year<1991
+replace ccode = 347 if country=="Serbia" & year>=1991 & year<2006
+replace ccode = 342 if country=="Serbia" & year>=2006
+replace ccode = 730 if country=="Korea, Republic of" & year<=1910
+replace ccode = 769 if country=="Pakistan" & year<=1971
+
+
+
+//MERGE DEMOCRACY DATA (BOIX ET AL, POLITY IV, AND V-DEM)
+
+//Boix et al
+merge 1:1 ccode year using "jtg_data_raw/BoixMillerRosato-v4.dta", keepusing(democracy democracy_trans) 
+sort ccode year
+replace country=country[_n-1] if ccode==ccode[_n-1] & country==""
+replace iso3=iso3[_n-1] if ccode==ccode[_n-1] & iso3==""
+replace continent=continent[_n-1] if ccode==ccode[_n-1] & continent==""
+replace continent2=continent2[_n-1] if ccode==ccode[_n-1] & continent2==""
+drop if country==""  | iso3==""
+drop _merge
+replace democracy=0 if country=="Russian Federation" & democracy==. //codes USSR as autocracy (neccessary becayse ccode is different in using data)
+drop if country=="Serbia" & year<2010 & s1_use==. //Solves issue with having both Serbia and Serbia and Montenegro in data
+
+
+*polity
+merge 1:1 country year using "jtg_data_raw/polity_IV_2016", keepusing(polity2)
+sort country year
+replace ccode=ccode[_n-1] if country==country[_n-1] & ccode==.
+replace iso3=iso3[_n-1] if country==country[_n-1] & iso3==""
+drop if country=="" | iso3==""
+drop _merge
+
+
+*Vdem
+gen country_text_id=iso3
+merge 1:1 country_text_id year using "jtg_data_raw/Vdem10_extract.dta", keepusing(v2x_polyarchy v2regendtype v2reginfo)
+sort country_text_id year
+replace ccode=ccode[_n-1] if country_text_id==country_text_id[_n-1] & ccode==.
+replace iso3=iso3[_n-1] if country_text_id==country_text_id[_n-1] & iso3==""
+replace country=country[_n-1] if country_text_id==country_text_id[_n-1] & country==""
+drop if country=="" | iso3==""
+drop _merge
+
+
+
+//CONSTRUCT DEMOCRATIZATION VARIABLES
+
+*Democratization and regime no, Boix et al data
+gen democratization=1 if democracy_trans==1
+replace democratization=0 if democracy_trans!=1 & democracy_trans!=.
+replace democratization=. if democracy==1 & democratization!=1
+replace democratization=democratization*100
+
+gen demoyear=year if democracy_trans==1
+gen autoyear=year if democracy_trans==-1
+egen lastdemo=max(demoyear), by(country)
+egen lastauto=max(autoyear), by(country)
+gen lastdem = 1 if lastdemo==year 
+replace lastdem=0 if lastdemo<lastauto & lastauto!=.
+replace lastdem=0 if lastdemo>year
+replace lastdem=. if democracy==.
+replace lastdem=. if democracy==1 & year>lastdemo & lastdemo>lastauto 
+replace lastdem=. if democracy==1 & lastdemo==.
+replace lastdem=lastdem*100
+
+gen demreverse=1 if democracy_trans==-1
+replace demreverse=0 if democracy_trans!=-1 & democracy_trans!=.
+replace demreverse=. if democracy==0 & demreverse!=1
+replace demreverse=demreverse*100
+ 
+drop demoyear autoyear lastdemo lastauto
+
+gen new_regime=0
+gen regime_no=0
+gen ones=1
+replace new_regime=1 if democracy_trans[_n-1]!=0 & democracy_trans[_n-1]!=.
+replace new_regime=1 if year!=year[_n-1]+1
+replace new_regime=1 if iso3!=iso3[_n-1]
+replace new_regime=1 if iso3==iso3[_n-1] & year==year[_n-1]+1 & democracy!=. & democracy[_n-1]==.
+
+replace regime_no=regime_no[_n-1]+new_regime if regime_no[_n-1]!=.
+replace regime_no=regime_no[_n+1] if democratization[_n-1]==. & democratization==0 & country[_n+1]==country[_n-1] 
+replace regime_no=. if democracy==.
+egen regime_length=sum(ones), by(regime_no)
+
+gen durdem=democratization 
+replace durdem=0 if democratization==100 & regime_length[_n+1]<10
+replace durdem=0 if democracy==1 & regime_length[_n+1]<10
+
+replace new_regime=0 if durdem!=. & durdem[_n-1]!=. & iso3==iso3[_n-1]
+
+gen durableregime_no=regime_no if regime_no[_n-1]==. & iso3==iso3[_n-1]
+replace durableregime_no=regime_no if iso3!=iso3[_n-1]
+replace durableregime_no=regime_no if durdem[_n-1]==100 & iso3==iso3[_n-1]
+replace durableregime_no=durableregime_no[_n-1] if durableregime_no==. & iso3==iso3[_n-1]
+replace durableregime_no=. if durdem==.
+
+gen dregime_no=regime_no
+replace dregime_no=regime_no[_n-1] if demreverse==100
+replace dregime_no=regime_no[_n+1] if demreverse[_n-1]!=0 & democracy==1
+replace dregime_no=. if demreverse==.
+
+
+*Democratization  and regime no, polity IV data
+gen democratization_polity=1 if polity2>5 & polity2[_n-1]<=5 & polity2!=. & country==country[_n-1]
+replace democratization_polity=0 if democratization_polity!=1 & polity2<=5
+replace democratization_polity=democratization_polity*100
+
+gen demoyear=year if polity2>5 & polity2[_n-1]<=5 & polity2!=. & country==country[_n-1]
+gen autoyear=year if polity2<5 & polity2[_n-1]>=5 & polity2!=. & country==country[_n-1]
+egen lastdemo=max(demoyear), by(country)
+egen lastauto=max(autoyear), by(country)
+gen lastdem_polity = 1 if lastdemo==year 
+replace lastdem_polity=0 if lastdemo<lastauto & lastauto!=.
+replace lastdem_polity=0 if lastdemo>year
+replace lastdem_polity=. if polity2>5 & year>lastdemo & lastdemo>lastauto 
+replace lastdem_polity=. if polity2>5 & lastdemo==.
+replace lastdem_polity=lastdem_polity*100
+
+gen demreverse_polity=1 if polity2<5 & polity2[_n-1]>=5 & polity2!=. & country==country[_n-1]
+replace demreverse_polity=0 if demreverse_polity!=1 & polity2!=.
+replace demreverse_polity=. if polity2<=5 & demreverse_polity!=1
+replace demreverse_polity=demreverse_polity*100
+
+drop demoyear autoyear lastdemo lastauto
+
+
+gen new_regime_polity=0
+gen regime_no_polity=0
+
+replace new_regime_polity=1 if democratization_polity[_n-1]==100 | demreverse_polity[_n-1]==100
+replace new_regime_polity=1 if year!=year[_n-1]+1
+replace new_regime_polity=1 if iso3!=iso3[_n-1]
+replace new_regime_polity=1 if iso3==iso3[_n-1] & year==year[_n-1]+1 & polity2!=. & polity2[_n-1]==.
+
+replace regime_no_polity=regime_no_polity[_n-1]+new_regime_polity if regime_no_polity[_n-1]!=.
+replace regime_no_polity=regime_no_polity[_n+1] if democratization_polity[_n-1]==. & democratization_polity==0 & country[_n+1]==country[_n-1] 
+replace regime_no_polity=. if polity2==.
+egen regime_length_polity=sum(ones), by(regime_no_polity)
+
+gen durdem_polity=democratization_polity 
+replace durdem_polity=0 if democratization_polity==100 & regime_length_polity[_n+1]<10
+replace durdem_polity=0 if polity2>5 & polity2!=. & regime_length_polity[_n+1]<10
+
+replace new_regime_polity=0 if durdem_polity!=. & durdem_polity[_n-1]!=. & iso3==iso3[_n-1]
+
+gen durableregime_no_polity=regime_no_polity if regime_no_polity[_n-1]==. & iso3==iso3[_n-1]
+replace durableregime_no_polity=regime_no_polity if iso3!=iso3[_n-1]
+replace durableregime_no_polity=regime_no_polity if durdem_polity[_n-1]==100 & iso3==iso3[_n-1]
+replace durableregime_no_polity=durableregime_no_polity[_n-1] if durableregime_no_polity==. & iso3==iso3[_n-1]
+replace durableregime_no_polity=. if durdem_polity==.
+
+*Democratization and regime change, V-Dem data
+sort country year 
+replace v2x_polyarchy=. if democracy==. // V-Dem codes colonial institutions in some cases, we remove those by making this replacement
+gen rchange_vdem=0 if v2regendtype!=.
+replace rchange_vdem=100 if v2reginfo[_n-1]!=v2reginfo & country[_n-1]==country  & v2reginfo[_n-1]!="" & v2reginfo!="" 
+egen regime_no_vdem=group(v2reginfo country)
+
+egen democracy_vdem=mean(v2x_polyarchy), by(regime_no_vdem)
+replace democracy_vdem=. if v2x_polyarchy==. | v2reginfo==""
+replace democracy_vdem=0 if democracy_vdem<=0.4 
+replace democracy_vdem=1 if democracy_vdem>0.4 & democracy_vdem!=.
+
+replace regime_no_vdem=regime_no_vdem[_n-1] if rchange_vdem==100 & country[_n-1]==country
+
+gen democratization_vdem=1 if democracy_vdem==1 & democracy_vdem[_n-1]==0 & democracy_vdem!=. & country==country[_n-1]
+replace democratization_vdem=0 if democratization_vdem!=1 & democracy_vdem==0
+replace democratization_vdem=democratization_vdem*100
+
+gen demreverse_vdem=1 if democracy_vdem==0 & democracy_vdem[_n-1]==1 & country==country[_n-1]
+replace demreverse_vdem=0 if demreverse_vdem!=1 & v2x_poly!=.
+replace demreverse_vdem=. if democracy_vdem==0 & demreverse_vdem!=1
+replace demreverse_vdem=demreverse_vdem*100
+
+gen new_regime_vdem=0
+gen autoregime_no_vdem=0
+
+replace new_regime_vdem=1 if democratization_vdem[_n-1]==100 | demreverse_vdem[_n-1]==100
+replace new_regime_vdem=1 if year!=year[_n-1]+1
+replace new_regime_vdem=1 if iso3!=iso3[_n-1]
+replace new_regime_vdem=1 if iso3==iso3[_n-1] & year==year[_n-1]+1 & v2x_polyarchy!=. & v2x_polyarchy[_n-1]==.
+
+replace autoregime_no_vdem=autoregime_no_vdem[_n-1]+new_regime_vdem if autoregime_no_vdem[_n-1]!=.
+replace autoregime_no_vdem=autoregime_no_vdem[_n+1] if democratization_vdem[_n-1]==. & democratization_vdem==0 & country[_n+1]==country[_n-1] 
+replace autoregime_no_vdem=. if v2x_polyarchy==.
+egen regime_length_vdem=sum(ones), by(autoregime_no_vdem)
+
+gen durdem_vdem=democratization_vdem 
+replace durdem_vdem=0 if democratization_vdem==100 & regime_length_vdem[_n+1]<10
+replace durdem_vdem=0 if democracy_vdem==1 & democracy_vdem!=. & regime_length_vdem[_n+1]<10
+
+replace new_regime_vdem=0 if durdem_vdem!=. & durdem_vdem[_n-1]!=. & iso3==iso3[_n-1]
+
+gen durautoregime_no_vdem=autoregime_no_vdem if autoregime_no_vdem[_n-1]==. & iso3==iso3[_n-1]
+replace durautoregime_no_vdem=autoregime_no_vdem if iso3!=iso3[_n-1]
+replace durautoregime_no_vdem=autoregime_no_vdem if durdem_vdem[_n-1]==100 & iso3==iso3[_n-1]
+replace durautoregime_no_vdem=durautoregime_no_vdem[_n-1] if durautoregime_no_vdem==. & iso3==iso3[_n-1]
+replace durautoregime_no_vdem=. if durdem_vdem==.
+ 
+drop new_regime* ones
+
+
+// MERGE CORRELATES OF WAR (COW) DATA
+
+//Merge COW material capabilites
+merge m:1 ccode year using "jtg_data_raw/COW_NMC-60-abridged.dta", keepusing(milex milper tpop)
+drop if _merge==2
+drop _merge
+replace milex=. if milex<0
+replace milper=. if milper<0
+
+xtset ccode year
+ipolate milex year, by(ccode) gen(milex_i)
+ipolate milper year, by(ccode) gen(milper_i)
+replace milex=milex_i
+replace milper=milper_i
+drop milex_i milper_i
+
+//Merge COW interstate wars
+preserve
+clear
+use "jtg_data_raw/COW_interstate_wars.dta"
+expand 195
+sort warnum ccode
+egen year=seq(), by(warnum ccode side)
+replace year=year+1815
+
+gen interstatewar=1 if year>=startyear1 & year<=endyear1
+replace interstatewar=1 if year>=startyear2 & year<=endyear2 & endyear2!=.
+
+collapse (max) interstatewar, by(ccode year) 
+
+save "jtg_data/temp.dta", replace
+restore
+
+merge 1:1 ccode year using "jtg_data/temp.dta"
+drop if _merge==2
+drop _merge
+replace interstatewar=0 if interstatewar==. & tpop!=. //code 0 if no war, missing if not in CoW data
+
+//Merge COW militarized disputes 
+preserve
+clear
+use "jtg_data_raw/COW_militarized_disputes.dta"
+expand 195
+sort dispnum3 ccode
+egen year=seq(), by(dispnum3 ccode side)
+replace year=year+1815
+
+gen mildispute=1 if year>=styear & year<=endyear
+
+collapse (max) mildispute, by(ccode year) 
+
+
+save "jtg_data/temp.dta", replace
+restore
+
+merge 1:1 ccode year using "jtg_data/temp.dta"
+drop if _merge==2
+drop _merge
+replace mildispute=0 if mildispute==. & tpop!=. //code 0 if no dispute, missing if not in CoW data
+
+//Merge COW intrastarte conflicts
+preserve
+clear
+use "jtg_data_raw/COW_intrastatewar_v51.dta"
+expand 195
+rename CcodeA ccode
+sort WarNum ccode
+egen year=seq(), by(WarNum ccode)
+replace year=year+1815
+ 
+gen civilwar=1 if year>=StartYr1 & year<=EndYr1
+replace civilwar=1 if year>=StartYr2 & year<=EndYr2 & EndYr2!=.
+replace civilwar=1 if year>=StartYr3 & year<=EndYr3 & EndYr3!=.
+replace civilwar=1 if year>=StartYr4 & year<=EndYr4 & EndYr4!=.
+
+gen civilwar_central=civilwar if WarType==4
+
+collapse (max) civilwar*, by(ccode year) 
+
+save "jtg_data\temp.dta", replace
+restore
+
+merge 1:1 ccode year using "jtg_data/temp.dta"
+drop if _merge==2
+drop _merge
+replace civilwar=0 if civilwar==.
+replace civilwar_central=0 if civilwar_central==. & tpop!=. //code 0 if no war, missing if not in CoW data
+
+
+//Merge COW international trade
+merge m:1 ccode year using "jtg_data_raw/COW_trade_4.dta", keepusing(imports exports)
+drop if _merge==2
+drop _merge
+
+replace imports=. if imports==-9
+replace exports=. if exports==-9
+gen temp=ln(imports+exports) if imports!=. & exports!=.
+ipolate temp year, gen(lntrade) by(ccode)
+drop temp
+gen trade=exp(lntrade)
+
+
+//Merge COW Alliances
+preserve
+clear
+use "jtg_data_raw/COW_alliances.dta"
+gen ally_USA=1 if state_name1=="United States of America" 
+gen ally_Russia=1 if state_name1=="Russia"
+
+collapse (mean) ally_*, by(ccode2 year)
+rename ccode2 ccode
+save "jtg_data/temp.dta", replace
+restore
+
+merge 1:1 ccode year using "jtg_data/temp.dta"
+drop if _merge==2
+drop _merge
+
+replace ally_USA=0 if ally_USA==.
+replace ally_Russia=0 if ally_Russia==.
+replace ally_USA=1 if country=="United States"
+replace ally_Russia=1 if country=="Russian Federation"
+
+
+
+
+*MERGE SIPRI DATA
+merge 1:1 iso3 year using "jtg_data_raw/sipri_arms_trade.dta"
+drop if _merge==2
+drop _merge
+
+
+local tivvars "any us russia france uk"
+xtset ccode year
+foreach x of local tivvars {
+replace tiv_`x'=0 if tiv_`x'==. & year>=1950
+gen tivdum_`x'=tiv_`x'
+replace tivdum_`x'=1 if tiv_`x'>0 & tiv_`x'!=.
+gen tivakk_`x'=0 if year>=1949
+replace tivakk_`x'=tiv_`x'+tivakk_`x'[_n-1] if country==country[_n-1] & year>=1950
+}
+
+
+//MERGE UN AGREEMENT DATA
+preserve
+clear
+use "jtg_data_raw/UN_agreement_extract.dta"
+keep ccode1 ccode2 agree year
+reshape wide agree, i(ccode1 year) j(ccode2)
+rename agree2 agree_USA
+rename agree365 agree_Russia
+replace agree_USA=1 if ccode1==2
+replace agree_Russia=1 if ccode1==365
+rename ccode1 ccode
+save "jtg_data\temp.dta", replace
+restore
+
+merge 1:1 ccode year using "jtg_data/temp.dta"
+drop if _merge==2
+drop _merge
+
+
+//MERGE FOREIGN AID DATA
+gen countrycode=iso3
+merge 1:1 countrycode year using "jtg_data_raw/aid_dac_countries.dta"
+gen lnaid=ln(aid)
+replace lnaid=0 if lnaid==.
+drop if _merge==2
+drop _merge
+
+//MERGE COLONIAL RELATIONSHIPS FROM CEPII
+preserve
+clear
+use "jtg_data_raw/dist_cepii.dta"
+rename iso_o iso3
+gen colony_we=colony if iso_d=="FRA" | iso_d=="DEU" | iso_d=="GBR"  | iso_d=="PRT"  | iso_d=="NLD"  | iso_d=="ITA" 
+replace colony_we=0 if colony_we==.
+gen colony_ussr=colony if iso_d=="RUS"
+replace colony_ussr=0 if colony_ussr==.
+keep iso3 colony colony_we colony_ussr
+collapse (max) colony*, by(iso3)
+replace iso3="ROU" if iso3=="ROM"
+replace iso3="SRB" if iso3=="YUG"
+save "jtg_data\temp.dta", replace
+restore
+
+merge m:1 iso3 using "jtg_data/temp.dta"
+drop if _merge==2
+drop _merge
+replace colony=0 if colony==.
+replace colony_we=0 if colony_we==.
+replace colony_ussr=0 if colony_ussr==.
+
+gen temp1=1 if democracy!=. & year==1946 //code independence in 1946, colony variables only consider postwar period
+egen temp2=max(temp1), by(iso3)
+replace colony=0 if temp2==1 | country=="Germany" | country=="Israel" | country=="Taiwan, Province of China"
+replace colony_we=0 if temp2==1 | country=="Germany" | country=="Israel" | country=="Taiwan, Province of China"
+replace colony_ussr=0 if temp2==1
+drop temp*
+
+
+
+
+//MERGE NAVCO DATA
+preserve
+clear
+use "jtg_data_raw/navco_v2.dta"
+gen resistance=1 if prim_method==0 | prim_method==1
+replace resistance=0 if resistance!=1 & prim_method!=.
+replace resistance=0 if year>1944 & prim_method==.
+gen vresistance=1 if prim_method==0
+replace vresistance=0 if vresistance!=1 & prim_method!=.
+replace vresistance=0 if year>1944 & prim_method==.
+gen nresistance=1 if prim_method==1
+replace nresistance=0 if nresistance!=1 & prim_method!=.
+replace nresistance=0 if year>1944 & prim_method==.
+
+gen resistance_onset=0
+replace resistance_onset=1 if cyear==0
+
+replace ccode = 818 if location=="Vietnam" 
+replace ccode = 315 if location=="Czechoslovakia"
+replace ccode = 365 if location=="USSR"
+replace ccode = 365 if location=="Russia"
+replace ccode = 679 if location=="Yemen"
+
+destring tccode, replace force
+replace tccode=490 if target=="Mobutu regime"
+drop if lccode!=tccode 
+
+replace camp_size=camp_size_est+1 if camp_size==. & camp_size_est!=.
+replace camp_size=camp_size_est+1 if camp_size==-99 & camp_size_est!=.
+replace camp_size=3 if id==9
+
+collapse (max) resistance vresistance* nresistance  progress success resistance_onset camp_size, by(ccode year)
+
+save "jtg_data/temp.dta", replace
+restore
+
+merge 1:1 ccode year using "jtg_data/temp.dta"
+
+drop if _merge==2
+drop _merge
+replace resistance=0 if year>1944 & resistance==.
+replace vresistance=0 if year>1944 & vresistance==.
+replace nresistance=0 if year>1944 & nresistance==. 
+replace resistance_onset=0 if year>1944 & resistance_onset==.
+
+
+//MERGE HYDE POPULATION DATA
+merge 1:1 iso3 year using "jtg_data_raw/hyde_pop.dta", keepusing(pop_hyde)
+
+replace pop_hyde=tpop*1000 if country=="Maldives" //only country with missing data in hyde
+replace pop_hyde=42380 if country=="Maldives" & year==1820 //data from clio infra
+replace pop_hyde=72000 if country=="Maldives" & year==1910
+
+replace pop_hyde=ln(pop_hyde)
+ipolate pop_hyde year, by(iso3) gen(temp)
+replace pop_hyde=exp(temp)
+
+drop if _merge==2
+drop _merge temp
+
+
+//GENERATE SAMPLES
+gen temp=1 if year>=1850 & democracy!=.
+egen longsample=sum(temp), by(country)
+replace longsample=0 if longsample<(2010-1850)
+replace longsample=1 if longsample>0 & longsample!=.
+replace longsample=. if year<1850
+drop temp
+
+gen temp=1 if  year>=1920 & democracy!=.
+egen mediumsample=sum(temp), by(country)
+replace mediumsample=0 if mediumsample<(2010-1920)
+replace mediumsample=1 if mediumsample>0 & mediumsample!=.
+replace mediumsample=. if year<1920
+drop temp
+
+gen temp=1 if year>=1945 & democracy!=.
+egen shortsample=sum(temp), by(country)
+replace shortsample=0 if shortsample<(2010-1945)
+replace shortsample=1 if shortsample>0 & shortsample!=.
+replace shortsample=. if year<1945 
+drop temp
+
+
+sort country year
+
+*GENERATE ADDITIONAL VARIABLES
+xtset ccode year
+sort ccode year
+
+gen gdp=exp(lngdpc)+pop_hyde
+gen lnmilex=ln(milex)
+gen lnmilex_pop=ln(milex)-ln(tpop)
+gen milper_pop=milper/tpop
+
+gen resistance_3y=max(resistance, L.resistance, L2.resistance)
+gen vresistance_3y=max(vresistance, L.vresistance, L2.vresistance)
+gen nresistance_3y=max(nresistance, L.nresistance, L2.nresistance)
+gen civilwar_3y=max(civilwar, L.civilwar, L2.civilwar)
+gen civilwar_central_3y=max(civilwar_central, L.civilwar_central, L2.civilwar_central)
+gen mildispute_3y=max(mildispute, L.mildispute, L2.mildispute)
+gen interstatewar_3y=max(interstatewar, L.interstatewar, L2.interstatewar)
+
+gen agree_us_3y=(agree_USA+L.agree_USA+L2.agree_USA)/3
+gen agree_russia_3y=(agree_Russia+L.agree_Russia+L2.agree_Russia)/3
+gen us_rus_agree_diff=agree_us_3y-agree_russia_3y 
+drop agree_us_3y agree_russia_3y
+replace us_rus_agree_diff= 0 if us_rus_agree_diff==. & year>1945
+
+
+save "jtg_data/jtg_main.dta", replace
+
+erase "jtg_data/temp.dta"
+
+*###############################################################################
+*	2 CODE NEIGHBORS AND DISTANCES
+*###############################################################################
+
+*This bit of code identifies neighbours, second neighbors and bilateral distances used to
+*cosntruct the instrument and the controls for spatial spill-overs
+
+*Get neighbours
+clear
+use "jtg_data_raw/COW_contiguity_2010.dta"
+
+
+keep if conttype<4
+keep state*no
+
+
+save "jtg_data/temp.dta", replace
+
+rename state1no ccode
+rename state2no state1no
+
+joinby state1no using "jtg_data/temp.dta"
+
+expand 2, gen(new)
+gen neighbour=state1no if new==0
+gen neighbour_type=1 if new==0
+replace neighbour=state2no if new==1
+replace neighbour_type=2 if new==1
+sort ccode neighbour neighbour_type
+
+duplicates drop ccode neighbour, force
+
+keep ccode neighbour neighbour_type 
+save "jtg_data/neighbours.dta", replace
+
+*Get bilateral distances
+clear
+use "jtg_data_raw/dist_cepii.dta" 
+keep iso* distw
+
+replace iso_o="ROU" if iso_o=="ROM"
+replace iso_d="ROU" if iso_d=="ROM"
+replace iso_o="SRB" if iso_o=="YUG"
+replace iso_d="SRB" if iso_d=="YUG"
+
+rename iso_o iso3
+
+merge m:1 iso3 using "jtg_data_raw/country_codes.dta", keepusing(country COW_ccode region2)
+drop if _merge!=3
+drop _merge
+
+rename COW_ccode ccode
+rename iso3 iso_main
+rename iso_d iso3
+rename region2 region
+
+merge m:1 iso3 using "jtg_data_raw/country_codes.dta", keepusing(COW_ccode region2)
+drop if _merge!=3
+drop _merge
+rename COW_ccode neighbour
+rename iso3 iso3_dyad
+rename iso_main iso3
+rename region2 region_neighbour
+
+duplicates drop ccode neighbour, force
+
+*merge back neighbour data on distances
+merge 1:1 ccode neighbour using "jtg_data/neighbours.dta", keepusing(neighbour_type)
+drop if _merge==2
+drop _merge ccode neighbour
+order country iso3 iso3_dyad neighbour_type distw
+
+drop if iso3==iso3_dyad
+
+gen year=2000
+merge m:1 iso3 year using "jtg_data/jtg_main.dta"
+drop if _merge!=3
+keep country iso3 iso3_dyad neighbour_type distw
+
+drop if distw==.
+
+save "jtg_data/neighbours.dta", replace
+erase "jtg_data/temp.dta"
+
+
+
+*###############################################################################
+*	3 CONSTRUCT INSTRUMENT
+*###############################################################################
+
+*This bit of code constructs the instrument (and the alternative instruments used in the appendix)
+
+clear
+use "jtg_data/jtg_main.dta"
+
+replace independent="" if democracy==. // restrict sample to countries covered by both the Boix et al democracy data (equivalent to keeping only independent states) and the military tech data
+
+keep country year iso3 pop_hyde ccode *_use independent
+drop if year<1820 
+
+
+//Reshape
+rename *_use use*
+rename uses* use1*
+rename usea* use2*
+rename user* use3*
+rename uset* use4*
+rename usem* use5*
+rename useh* use6*
+
+reshape long use, i(country year iso3 pop_hyde independent) j(tech)
+
+
+//SAVE MEMORY
+//Drop observations prior to invention
+gen temp=year if use==1
+egen firstuse=min(temp), by(tech)
+drop if year<firstuse-1
+drop temp
+
+
+*drop observations five years after full adoption
+egen adoptionrate=mean(use), by(tech year)
+gen temp=year if adoptionrate==1
+egen lastyear=min(temp), by(tech)
+drop if year>lastyear+5
+drop lastyear temp
+
+drop if iso3==""
+
+
+save "jtg_data/temp.dta", replace
+ 
+//GENERATE VARIABLES
+levelsof tech, local(techs)
+foreach x of local techs {
+*foreach x of numlist 31 { // for debugging
+clear
+use "jtg_data/temp.dta"
+keep if tech==`x'
+sum year
+scalar firstyear=`r(min)'
+scalar lastyear=`r(max)'
+clear
+use "jtg_data/neighbours.dta"
+expand lastyear-firstyear+1
+egen dyad=group(iso3 iso3_dyad)
+sort dyad
+gen year=_n-(dyad-1)*(lastyear-firstyear+1)+firstyear-1
+drop dyad
+gen tech=`x'
+merge m:1 iso3 year tech using "jtg_data/temp.dta", keepusing(independent) //eliminate observations when main country not independent to save time
+drop if _merge!=3
+drop _merge
+rename iso3 iso3_main
+rename iso3_dyad iso3
+drop if independent!="yes"
+drop independent
+merge m:1 iso3 year tech using "jtg_data/temp.dta" //import use, population data for weights etc
+drop if _merge!=3
+drop _merge
+rename iso3 iso3_neighbour
+rename iso3_main iso3
+
+gen bal_temp=1 if year==lastyear & use==.
+egen missing=max(bal_temp), by(iso3_neighbour)
+drop if missing==1
+
+egen obsno=count(year), by(iso3 iso3_neighbour)
+gen obs_dyad=1 if independent=="yes"
+egen obsno_dyad=sum(obs_dyad), by(iso3 iso3_neighbour)
+egen yindp=min(year) , by(iso3)
+gen balance_indp=1 if obsno==obsno_dyad 
+
+
+*gen lnpop in startyear
+gen temp=ln(pop_hyde) if year==firstyear
+egen lnpop_firstyear=mean(temp), by(iso3_neighbour iso3)
+drop temp
+gen temp=ln(pop_hyde) if year==max(yindp,firstyear)
+egen lnpop_yindp=mean(temp), by(iso3_neighbour iso3)
+drop temp
+
+             
+*Generate variables (all both simple and ex neighbours): distance to nearest user , use in neighbours, distance-weighted use (how to calculate
+
+drop if iso3_neighbour=="DEU" | iso3_neighbour=="FRA" | iso3_neighbour=="RUS" | iso3_neighbour=="GBR" | iso3_neighbour=="USA"
+
+gen distweight_use1=use/distw 
+gen distweight_use2=use/distw if neighbour_type!=1 
+
+gen distweight_use1_bali=use/distw if balance_indp==1
+gen distweight_use2_bali=use/distw if neighbour_type!=1 & balance_indp==1
+gen distweight_use3_bali=use/distw if neighbour_type!=1 & balance_indp==1 & distw>500
+gen distweight_use4_bali=use/distw if neighbour_type!=1 & balance_indp==1 & distw>750
+gen distweight_use5_bali=use/distw if neighbour_type!=1 & balance_indp==1 & distw>1000
+
+
+gen distweight_obs1=1/distw
+gen distweight_obs2=1/distw if neighbour_type!=1
+
+gen distweight_obs1_bali=1/distw if balance_indp==1
+gen distweight_obs2_bali=1/distw if neighbour_type!=1 & balance_indp==1
+gen distweight_obs3_bali=1/distw if neighbour_type!=1 & balance_indp==1 & distw>500
+gen distweight_obs4_bali=1/distw if neighbour_type!=1 & balance_indp==1 & distw>750
+gen distweight_obs5_bali=1/distw if neighbour_type!=1 & balance_indp==1 & distw>1000
+
+
+gen distweight_usepop1_bali=distweight_use1_bali*lnpop_yindp
+gen distweight_obspop1_bali=distweight_obs1_bali*lnpop_yindp
+gen distweight_usepop2_bali=distweight_use2_bali*lnpop_yindp
+gen distweight_obspop2_bali=distweight_obs2_bali*lnpop_yindp
+
+
+collapse (sum) distw* , by(iso3 tech country year)
+
+
+cd jtg_data
+save temp`x'.dta , replace
+cd ..
+
+}
+
+
+*Append
+clear
+use "jtg_data/temp11.dta"
+
+drop if year!=9999
+
+cd jtg_data
+*foreach x of local techs {
+foreach x of numlist 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 21 22 23 24 25 31 32 33 34 35 36 41 42 43 44 45 51 52 61 62 {
+append using temp`x'.dta
+erase temp`x'.dta
+}
+cd ..
+
+
+save "jtg_data/temp.dta", replace
+
+//Merge use data
+clear
+use "jtg_data/jtg_main.dta"
+drop if independent!="yes"
+keep country year iso3 region2 ccode *_use
+
+
+
+//Reshape
+rename *_use use*
+rename uses* use1*
+rename usea* use2*
+rename user* use3*
+rename uset* use4*
+rename usem* use5*
+rename useh* use6*
+
+reshape long use, i(country year iso3 region2 ) j(tech)
+
+
+merge 1:1 iso3 tech year using "jtg_data/temp.dta"
+drop if _merge==2
+drop _merge
+
+save "jtg_data/temp.dta", replace
+
+*Gen final IVs
+clear
+use "jtg_data/temp.dta"
+set matsize 1000
+
+gen iv_n1=distweight_use1_bali/distweight_obs1_bali
+gen iv_n2=distweight_use2_bali/distweight_obs2_bali
+gen iv_n1_pop=distweight_usepop1_bali/distweight_obspop1_bali
+gen iv_n2_pop=distweight_usepop2_bali/distweight_obspop2_bali
+gen iv_n2_500=distweight_use3_bali/distweight_obs3_bali
+gen iv_n2_750=distweight_use4_bali/distweight_obs4_bali
+gen iv_n2_1000=distweight_use5_bali/distweight_obs5_bali
+
+
+*Fill out missing observaions before invention year and after year where all countries have adopted
+gen temp=year if use==1
+egen firstobs=min(temp), by(tech)
+drop temp
+gen temp=year if use==0
+egen lastobs=max(temp), by(tech)
+
+foreach x in iv_n1_pop iv_n2_pop iv_n1 iv_n2 iv_n2_500 iv_n2_750 iv_n2_1000 {
+replace `x'=0 if year<firstobs
+replace `x'=1 if year>lastobs
+}
+
+drop temp firstobs lastobs
+
+*Reshape 
+keep country iso3 tech iv_* year 
+reshape wide iv_* , i(country iso3 year) j(tech)
+foreach x in iv_n1_pop iv_n2_pop iv_n1 iv_n2 iv_n2_500 iv_n2_750 iv_n2_1000 {
+rename `x'1* s*_`x'
+rename `x'2* a*_`x'
+rename `x'3* r*_`x'
+rename `x'4* t*_`x'
+rename `x'5* m*_`x'
+rename `x'6* h*_`x'
+}
+
+*Generate IV version of various permutations of the military technology index
+local categories "s a r t m h"
+local stechs "1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9"
+local atechs "1 2 3 4 5"
+local rtechs "1 2 3 4 5 6"
+local ttechs "1 2 3 4 5"
+local mtechs "1 2"
+local htechs "1 2"
+
+foreach z in iv_n1_pop iv_n2_pop iv_n1 iv_n2 iv_n2_500 iv_n2_750 iv_n2_1000 {
+gen mtech_`z'=0
+foreach x of local categories {
+gen mtech_`x'_`z'=0
+foreach y of local `x'techs {
+replace mtech_`z'=mtech_`z'+`x'`y'_`z'
+replace mtech_`x'_`z'=mtech_`x'_`z'+`x'`y'_`z'
+}
+}
+gen mtech_exf_`z'=mtech_a_`z'+mtech_r_`z'+mtech_t_`z'+mtech_m_`z'+mtech_h_`z'
+gen mtech_exgen_`z'=mtech_`z'-r4_`z'-r5_`z'-r6_`z'-h2_`z'-t4_`z'-t5_`z'
+
+}
+*Drop variables not used in paper
+keep country year iso3 mtech_iv_n2_pop mtech_iv_n1 mtech_iv_n2 mtech_exf_iv_n2 mtech_exgen_iv_n2 mtech_iv_n2_500 mtech_iv_n2_750 mtech_iv_n2_1000 m2_iv_n2 r3_iv_n2
+
+save "jtg_data/instruments.dta", replace
+erase "jtg_data/temp.dta"
+
+
+*###############################################################################
+*	4 CONSTRCUT CONTROLS FOR SPATIAL SPILL_OVERS
+*###############################################################################
+
+*This bit of code construct variables in neighboring countries as well as distance-weighted control variables
+
+clear
+use "jtg_data\neighbours.dta"
+
+local dummies "interstatewar democratization democracy civilwar ally_USA ally_Russia tivdum_us tivdum_russia tivdum_uk tivdum_france resistance"
+local cvars "gdp trade aid pop_hyde mtech agree_USA agree_Russia"
+local allvars `dummies' `cvars'
+
+expand 196
+egen year=seq(), by(iso3 iso3_dyad)
+replace year=year+1819
+
+merge m:1 iso3 year using "jtg_data/jtg_main.dta", keepusing(democracy region3 durableregime_no)
+drop if _merge!=3
+drop if democracy==.
+keep iso3 iso3_dyad neighbour_type distw year region3 durableregime_no country
+
+rename iso3 iso3_main
+rename iso3_dyad iso3
+rename region3 region3_main
+
+merge m:1 iso3 year using "jtg_data/jtg_main.dta", keepusing(`allvars' independent region3)
+drop if _merge!=3
+drop _merge
+
+drop if independent!="yes"
+
+rename iso3 iso3_neighbour
+rename iso3_main iso3
+
+gen majorpower=1 if country=="United Kingdom" | country=="France" | country=="Germany" | country=="United States" | country=="Russian Federation"
+
+
+foreach x of local allvars {
+gen n1_`x'=`x' if neighbour_type==1
+gen n2_`x'=`x' if neighbour_type==2
+}
+
+
+*Generate # of neighbors
+gen n1number=1 if neighbour_type==1
+gen n2number=1 if neighbour_type==2
+
+
+*Generate distance-weighted variables
+foreach x of local allvars {
+gen distw1_`x'=`x'/distw if majorpower!=1
+gen distw1_`x'_obs=1/distw if `x'!=. & majorpower!=1
+
+}
+
+*Generate dummies for resistance in neighboring autocracies
+gen n1_auto_resistance=resistance*(1-democracy) if neighbour_type==1
+gen n2_auto_resistance=resistance*(1-democracy) if  neighbour_type==2
+
+
+*Generate Acemoglu et al (2019) style democracy iv and military technology iv
+egen regime_firstyear=min(year), by(durableregime_no)
+gen temp=1 if democracy==0 & year==regime_firstyear & region3_main==region3
+egen balance=max(temp), by(iso3 iso3_neighbour durableregime_no)
+replace balance=1 if iso3=="LBR" & region3=="Sub-Saharan Africa" //takes care of the fact that Liberia was the first independent state in the region covered by the democract data
+gen democracy_iv_ANRR=democracy if balance==1
+
+egen dyad_no=group(iso3 iso3_neighbour)
+xtset dyad_no year
+ipolate mtech year, by(dyad_no) gen(mtech_i)
+gen mtech_iv_ANRR=mtech_i if balance==1
+drop balance temp
+
+*Gen acemoglu-style IV but with distance weights rather than regions
+gen temp=1 if democracy==0 & year==regime_firstyear 
+egen balance=max(temp), by(iso3 iso3_neighbour durableregime_no)
+gen democracy_iv_ANRR_distw=democracy/distw if balance==1
+gen democracy_iv_ANRR_distw_obs=1/distw if balance==1
+
+*Collapse dyadic data
+keep *dist* n1* n2* iso3 year *ANRR*
+collapse (sum) *dist* n1* n2* (mean) democracy_iv_ANRR mtech_iv_ANRR*, by(iso3 year)
+
+*Generate averages
+gen n1_democracy_avg= n1_democracy/n1number if n1number!=0
+gen n2_democracy_avg= n2_democracy/n2number if n2number!=0
+replace n1_democracy_avg=0 if n1number==0 & n1_democracy!=.
+replace n2_democracy_avg=0 if n2number==0 & n2_democracy!=.
+
+
+gen n1_agree_USA_avg=n1_agree_USA/n1number if n1number!=0
+replace n1_agree_USA_avg=0 if n1number==0 & n1_agree_USA!=.
+
+gen n1_agree_Russia_avg=n1_agree_Russia/n1number if n1number!=0
+replace n1_agree_Russia_avg=0 if n1number==0 & n1_agree_Russia!=.
+
+
+*Create dummies from sums
+foreach x of local dummies {
+replace n1_`x'=0 if n1_`x'==.
+replace n2_`x'=0 if n2_`x'==.
+replace n1_`x'=1 if n1_`x'>1 
+replace n2_`x'=1 if n2_`x'>1 
+
+}
+
+*Generate log variables
+foreach x of local cvars {
+gen n1_ln`x'=ln(n1_`x') 
+gen n2_ln`x'=ln(n2_`x')
+gen distw1_ln`x'=ln(distw1_`x')
+}
+ 
+
+*Rescale weighted vars
+foreach x of local allvars {
+replace distw1_`x'=distw1_`x'/distw1_`x'_obs
+}
+replace democracy_iv_ANRR_distw=democracy_iv_ANRR_distw/democracy_iv_ANRR_distw_obs
+
+
+*Resistance in autocracies
+replace n1_auto_resistance=0 if n1_auto_resistance==.
+replace n2_auto_resistance=0 if n2_auto_resistance==.
+replace n1_auto_resistance=1 if n1_auto_resistance>1 
+replace n2_auto_resistance=1 if n2_auto_resistance>1 
+
+
+drop *_obs n1number n2number *lnagree* *hyde* *lnmtech
+
+save "jtg_data/diffusioncontrols.dta", replace
+
+
+*###############################################################################
+*	5 CREATE FINAL DATA SET FOR ANALYSIS
+*###############################################################################
+
+*This bit of code merges the intermediate data sets constructed above, deletes
+*unneccessary variables, and renames the remaining ones. The final data set is 
+*saved in the folder jtg_data
+
+clear
+use "jtg_data/jtg_main.dta"
+
+merge 1:1 iso3 year using "jtg_data/instruments.dta"
+drop if _merge==2
+drop _merge
+
+merge 1:1 iso3 year using "jtg_data/diffusioncontrols.dta"
+drop if _merge==2
+drop _merge
+
+drop *_use* 
+
+egen countryno=group(iso3)
+
+xtset countryno year
+sort countryno year
+
+local lagvars "democratization interstatewar civilwar auto_resistance"
+foreach x of local lagvars {
+gen n1_`x'_3y=max(n1_`x', L.n1_`x', L2.n1_`x')
+gen n2_`x'_3y=max(n2_`x', L.n2_`x', L2.n2_`x')
+}
+
+drop if year<1820
+
+*Drop unnecessary variables (e.g., GDP in levels). Some of these variables are auxillary variables used to create final variables,
+*others are redundant because they are so closely related to variables we already control for
+drop region region3 continent country_text_id
+drop countrycode series imports exports trade aid gdp *_trade *_aid *_gdp pop_hyde
+drop distw1_ally_USA distw1_ally_Russia distw1_tivdum_us distw1_tivdum_russia distw1_tivdum_uk distw1_tivdum_france distw1_resistance  distw1_mtech distw1_agree_USA distw1_agree_Russia
+drop n2_ally_USA n2_ally_Russia n2_tivdum_us n2_tivdum_russia n2_tivdum_uk n2_tivdum_france n2_mtech n2_agree_USA n2_agree_Russia n1_agree_USA n1_agree_Russia  n1_resistance n2_resistance n1_mtech n2_lntrade n2_lnaid
+drop democracy_trans regime_length_polity demreverse_polity lastdem_polity demreverse_vdem regime_length_vdem independent regime_length milex milper distw
+
+rename region2 region
+rename continent2 continent
+rename mtech_iv_n2 ivbaseline
+
+// Add labels
+label variable country "Country name"
+label variable iso3 "ISO3 country code"
+label variable countryno "Numerical country identifier based on ISO3"
+label variable ccode "CoW country code"
+label variable year "Year"
+label variable mtech "Military technology index"
+label variable mtech_exf "Military tech. index ex. small arms"
+label variable mtech_exgen "Military tech. index ex. successive vintages of tanks and aircraft"
+label variable continent "Continent"
+label variable region "Region"
+label variable lngdpc "Log GDP per capita (Maddison)"
+label variable democracy "Democracy dummy (Boix et al)"
+label variable polity2 "Polity 2 index of democracy"
+label variable democratization "Democratization (Boix et al)"
+label variable lastdem "Unreversed democratization (Boix et al)"
+label variable demreverse "Democratic reversal (Boix et al)"
+label variable regime_no "Autocracy-spell identifier (Boix et al)"
+label variable durdem "Durable democratization (Boix et al)"
+label variable durableregime_no "Autocracy-spell identifier, durable democratization analysis (Boix et al)"
+label variable dregime_no "Democracy-spell identifier, (Boix et al)"
+label variable democratization_polity "Democratization (polity2)"
+label variable regime_no_polity "Autocracy-spell identifier (polity2)"
+label variable durdem_polity "Durable democratization (polity2)"
+label variable durableregime_no_polity "Autocracy-spell identifier, durable democratization analysis (polity2)"
+label variable rchange_vdem "Regime change dummy (V-Dem)"
+label variable regime_no_vdem "Regime identifier (V-Dem)"
+label variable democracy_vdem "Democracy dummy (derived from V-Dem)"
+label variable democratization_vdem "Democratization (V-Dem)"
+label variable autoregime_no_vdem "Autocracy-spell identifier (V-Dem)"
+label variable durdem_vdem "Durable Democratization (V-Dem)"
+label variable durautoregime_no_vdem "Autocracy-spell identifier, durable democratization analysis (V-Dem)"
+label variable tpop "Total Population (CoW)"
+label variable interstatewar "Interstate war, dummy(CoW)"
+label variable mildispute "Militarized dispute, dummy (CoW)"
+label variable civilwar "Civil war, dummy (CoW)"
+label variable civilwar_central "Civil war for central control, dummy (CoW)"
+label variable lntrade "Log imports + exports in dollars (CoW)"
+label variable ally_USA "Ally of USA, dummy (CoW)"
+label variable ally_Russia "Allly of Russia/USSR, dummy (CoW)"
+label variable tiv_any "Arms deliveries, total TIV (SIPRI)"
+label variable tiv_us "Arms deliveries from USA, total TIV (SIPRI)"
+label variable tiv_russia "Arms deliveries from Russia/USSR, total TIV (SIPRI)"
+label variable tiv_france "Arms deliveries from France, total TIV (SIPRI)"
+label variable tiv_uk "Arms deliveries from UK, total TIV (SIPRI)"
+label variable tivdum_any "Arms deliveries, dummy (SIPRI)"
+label variable tivdum_us "Arms deliveries from USA, dummy (SIPRI)"
+label variable tivdum_russia "Arms deliveries from Russia/USSR, dummy (SIPRI)"
+label variable tivdum_france "Arms deliveries from France, dummy (SIPRI)"
+label variable tivdum_uk "Arms deliveries from UK, dummy (SIPRI)"
+label variable tivakk_any "Accumulated arms deliveries, total TIV (SIPRI)"
+label variable tivakk_us "Accumulated arms deliveries from USA, total TIV (SIPRI)"
+label variable tivakk_russia "Accumulated arms deliveries from Russia/USSR, total TIV (SIPRI)"
+label variable tivakk_france "Accumulated arms deliveries from France, total TIV (SIPRI)"
+label variable tivakk_uk "Accumulated arms deliveries from UK, total TIV (SIPRI)"
+label variable agree_USA "UN agreement with US"
+label variable agree_Russia "UN agreement with Russia/USSR"
+label variable us_rus_agree_diff "UN agreement US - Russia/USSR, 3y mavg"
+label variable r3_iv_n2 "Distance-weighted adoption of jet fighters"
+label variable m2_iv_n2 "Distance-weighted adoption of machine guns"
+label variable mtech_iv_n2_pop "IV with population weights"
+label variable mtech_iv_n1 "IV including neighbors"
+label variable ivbaseline "IV baseline"
+label variable mtech_exf_iv_n2 "IV for mtech ex. small arms"
+label variable mtech_exgen_iv_n2 "IV for mtech ex. successive vintages of tanks and aircraft"
+label variable mtech_iv_n2_500 "IV ex. countries within 500km"
+label variable mtech_iv_n2_750 "IV ex. countries within 750km"
+label variable mtech_iv_n2_1000 "IV ex. countries within 1000km"
+label variable distw1_interstatewar "Distance-weighted interstate war abroad"
+label variable distw1_civilwar "Distance-weighted civil war abroad"
+label variable distw1_democracy "Distance-weighted democracy abroad"
+label variable distw1_democratization "Distance-weighted democratization abroad"
+label variable lnaid "Log foreign aid"
+label variable colony "Former colony dummy"
+label variable colony_we "Former Western European colony dummy"
+label variable colony_ussr "Former USSR state"
+label variable resistance  "Resistance, dummy (NAVCO)"
+label variable vresistance "Violent resistance, dummy (NAVCO)"
+label variable nresistance "Nonviolent resistance, dummy (NAVCO)"
+label variable progress "Resistance makes progress, dummy (NAVCO)"
+label variable success "Resistance successful, dummy (NAVCO)"
+label variable resistance_onset "Onset of resistance, dummy (NAVCO)"
+label variable camp_size "Size of resistance campaign (NAVCO)"
+label variable longsample "Belongs to balanced sample 1825-2010"
+label variable mediumsample "Belongs to balanced sample 1918-2010"
+label variable shortsample "Belongs to short balanced sample 1945-2010"
+label variable lnmilex "Log military expenditure (CoW)"
+label variable lnmilex_pop "Log military expenditure per capita (CoW)"
+label variable milper_pop "Military personnel per capita (CoW)"
+label variable resistance_3y "Resistance in past 3 years"
+label variable vresistance_3y "Violent resistance in past 3 years"
+label variable nresistance_3y "Nonviolent resistance in past 3 years"
+label variable civilwar_3y "Civil war in past 3 years"
+label variable civilwar_central_3y "Civil war for central control in past 3 years"
+label variable mildispute_3y "Militarized dispute in past 3 years"
+label variable interstatewar_3y "Interstate war in past 3 years"
+label variable democracy_iv_ANRR "Democracy among regional peers"
+label variable democracy_iv_ANRR_distw "Distance weighted democracy among peers"
+label variable mtech_iv_ANRR "Military technology of regional peers"           
+label variable n1_interstatewar "Neighbor at war"
+label variable n1_democratization "Neighbor democratizes"
+label variable n1_democracy "Neighbor democratic"
+label variable n1_civilwar "Neighbor in civil war"
+label variable n1_ally_USA "Neighbor US ally"
+label variable n1_ally_Russia "Neighbor Russia/USSR ally"
+label variable n1_tivdum_us "Neighbor recieves arms from US"
+label variable n1_tivdum_russia "Neighbor recieves arms from Russia/USSR"
+label variable n1_tivdum_uk "Neighbor recieves arms from UK"
+label variable n1_tivdum_france "Neighbor recieves arms from France"
+label variable n1_auto_resistance "pro-democracy movement, neighbor"
+label variable n2_interstatewar "2nd neighbor at war"
+label variable n2_democratization "2nd neighbor democratizes"
+label variable n2_democracy "2nd neighbor is democratic"
+label variable n2_civilwar "2nd neighbor in civil war"
+label variable n2_auto_resistance "Pro-democracy movement, 2nd neighbor"
+label variable n1_democracy_avg "Share of democracies among neighbors"
+label variable n2_democracy_avg "Share of democracies among 2nd neighbors"
+label variable n1_agree_USA_avg "Neighbors' avg. UN agreement w. US"
+label variable n1_agree_Russia_avg "Neighbors' avg. UN agreement w. Rus/USSR"
+label variable n1_lngdp "Log GDP/cap. of neighbors"
+label variable n2_lngdp "Log GDP/cap. of 2nd neighbors"
+label variable n1_lntrade "Log intl. trade, neighbors"
+label variable n1_lnaid "Log foreign aid, neighbors"
+label variable n1_democratization_3y "Neighbor democratizes in past 3 yrs"  
+label variable n2_democratization_3y "2nd neighbor democratizes in past 3 yrs"
+label variable n1_interstatewar_3y "Neighbor at war in past 3 yrs"
+label variable n2_interstatewar_3y "2nd neighbor at war in past 3 yrs"
+label variable n1_civilwar_3y "Neighbor in civil war in past 3 yrs"
+label variable n2_civilwar_3y "2nd neighbor in civil war in past 3 yrs"
+label variable n1_auto_resistance_3y "Pro-democracy movement in neighbor in past 3 yrs"
+label variable n2_auto_resistance_3y "Pro-democracy movement in 2nd neighbor in past 3 yrs"
+label variable distw1_lngdp "Log foreign distance-weighted GDP/capita"
+label variable distw1_lntrade "Log foreign distance-weighted trade"
+label variable distw1_lnaid "Log foreign distance-weighted foreign aid"
+
+*save final data set and erase intermediate data sets generated by this do-file
+save "jtg_data/jtg_main.dta", replace
+erase "jtg_data/instruments.dta"
+erase "jtg_data/diffusioncontrols.dta"
+erase "jtg_data/neighbours.dta"
+

41/replication_package/3_jtg_results_main.do

@@ -0,0 +1,789 @@
+clear
+
+*IMPORTANT: Set current directoy to path of do-file before running
+cd "path of this do file"
+
+use "jtg_data/jtg_main.dta"
+
+
+
+
+//##############################################################################
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//////////////                  FIGURES                 ////////////////////////
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//##############################################################################
+
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+/////////// FIGURE 1: EFFECTIVENESS AND PRICES FOR SMALL ARMS   ////////////////
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// PANEL A: EFFECTIVENESS
+preserve
+clear
+set obs 9
+
+gen techname=""
+gen effective_range=.
+gen rate_of_fire=.
+
+replace techname="Matchlock musket" if _n==1
+replace techname="Snaphaunce" if _n==2
+replace techname="Flintlock" if _n==3
+replace techname="Percussion lock" if _n==4
+replace techname="Minié bullet rifle" if _n==5
+replace techname="Breechloading rifle" if _n==6
+replace techname="Tubular magazine rifle" if _n==7
+replace techname="Box magazine rifle" if _n==8
+replace techname="Assault rifle" if _n==9
+
+** Data from Zabecki 2014 (see main text). 
+** A few corrections for reloading times and expected misfire is made to make the numbers comparable, see the comments below
+
+*a. Effective range (in meters)
+replace effective_range=50 if techname=="Matchlock musket"
+replace effective_range=50 if techname=="Snaphaunce"
+replace effective_range=75 if techname=="Flintlock"
+replace effective_range=75 if techname=="Percussion lock"
+replace effective_range=300 if techname=="Minié bullet rifle"
+replace effective_range=450 if techname=="Breechloading rifle"
+replace effective_range=500 if techname=="Tubular magazine rifle"
+replace effective_range=500 if techname=="Box magazine rifle"
+replace effective_range=400 if techname=="Assault rifle"
+
+*b. Rate of fire (shots/minute)
+replace rate_of_fire=0.5 if techname=="Matchlock musket"
+replace rate_of_fire=2 if techname=="Snaphaunce"
+replace rate_of_fire=3 if techname=="Flintlock" //I have subtracted 1 shot/minute to take misfire into account.
+replace rate_of_fire=4 if techname=="Percussion lock"
+replace rate_of_fire=4 if techname=="Minié bullet rifle"
+replace rate_of_fire=10 if techname=="Breechloading rifle"
+replace rate_of_fire=15 if techname=="Tubular magazine rifle"
+replace rate_of_fire=20 if techname=="Box magazine rifle" //changed to 20 from 17.5 -> 20 round trench magazines used in WWI, Before that I assume that 10 round magazine could be fired and changed once
+replace rate_of_fire=90 if techname=="Assault rifle" //changed to 90 -> practical rate of fire assuming magazine replaced twice in a minute. The rate of fire was otherwise listed as 550 shots/min
+
+*geometric mean
+gen simpleeffect=sqrt(effective_range*rate_of_fire)
+
+graph hbar simpleeffect, over(techname, sort(simpleeffect)) ///
+ytitle("Geometric mean of range and rate of fire") plotregion(fcolor(white)) graphregion(color(white)) ///
+bar(1, color(gs8))
+graph export "jtg_figures/main/fig_1a_effectiveness.eps", replace
+graph export "jtg_figures/main/fig_1a_effectiveness.pdf", replace
+
+restore
+
+
+//PANEL B: PRICES
+preserve
+clear
+use "jtg_data_raw\prices.dta"
+
+gen tech=1 if techname=="Matchlock musket"
+replace tech=2 if techname=="Snaphaunce"
+replace tech=3 if techname=="Flintlock"
+replace tech=4 if techname=="Percussion lock"
+replace tech=5 if techname=="Minié bullet rifle"
+replace tech=6 if techname=="Breechloading rifle"
+replace tech=7 if techname=="Tubular magazine rifle"
+replace tech=8 if techname=="Box magazine rifle"
+replace tech=9 if techname=="Assault rifle"
+
+local new = _N + 2
+set obs `new'
+replace techname="Matchlock musket" if _n==`new'-1
+replace tech=1 if _n==`new'-1
+replace techname="Snaphaunce" if _n==`new'
+replace tech=2 if _n==`new'
+replace category="small arm" if _n>`new'-2
+replace buyer="US Government" if _n>`new'-2
+sort tech year
+
+graph hbar price_real if category=="small arm" & buyer=="US Government", over(techname, sort(tech)) ///
+ytitle("Price (2010 USD)") plotregion(fcolor(white)) graphregion(color(white)) ///
+bar(1, color(gs8))   text(5 95 "N/a", place(e))  text(5 84 "N/a", place(e))
+graph export "jtg_figures/main/fig_1b_prices.eps", replace
+graph export "jtg_figures/main/fig_1b_prices.pdf", replace
+restore
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+/// FIGURE 2: GDP AND MILITARY TECHNOLOGY BY INCOME QUATILES ////////////////////
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+preserve
+drop if year>2010
+ipolate mtech year, by(country) gen(mtech_i)
+
+gen temp_balance=1 if democracy!=. & year>=1850
+egen g_balance=sum(temp_balance), by(country)
+replace g_balance=0 if g_balance<161
+replace g_balance=1 if g_balance==161
+drop temp*
+gen g_all=1
+replace g_all=0 if democracy==.
+
+*rank GDP within groups
+egen rank_all=rank(lngdpc) if g_all==1, by(year)  field
+egen maxrank_all=max(rank_all), by(year)
+replace rank_all=rank_all/maxrank_all-0.5/maxrank_all
+
+egen rank_balance=rank(lngdpc) if g_balance==1, by(year)  field
+egen maxrank_balance=max(rank_balance), by(year)
+replace rank_balance=rank_balance/maxrank_balance-0.5/maxrank_balance
+
+drop maxrank*
+
+//generate groups based on rank
+gen lngdp_all_p25=lngdpc if g_all==1 & rank_all<=0.25
+gen lngdp_all_p75=lngdpc if g_all==1 & rank_all>=0.75 & rank_all!=.
+gen mtech_all_p25=mtech_i if g_all==1 & rank_all<=0.25
+gen mtech_all_p75=mtech_i if g_all==1 & rank_all>=0.75 & rank_all!=.
+
+gen lngdp_balance_p25=lngdpc if g_balance==1 & rank_balance<=0.25
+gen lngdp_balance_p75=lngdpc if g_balance==1 & rank_balance>=0.75 & rank_balance!=.
+gen mtech_balance_p25=mtech_i if g_balance==1 & rank_balance<=0.25
+gen mtech_balance_p75=mtech_i if g_balance==1 & rank_balance>=0.75 & rank_balance!=.
+
+collapse (mean) lngdp* mtech*, by(year)
+
+*unbalanced sample
+twoway line lngdp_all_p25 year, lcolor(black) lpattern(dash) yaxis(2)  ///
+|| line lngdp_all_p75 year, lcolor(gs8) lpattern(dash) yaxis(2)  ///
+|| line mtech_all_p25 year, lcolor(black)  ///
+|| line mtech_all_p75 year,  lcolor(gs8) ///
+plotregion(fcolor(white)) graphregion(color(white)) ///
+ytitle("Avg. log GDP/capita", axis(2)) ytitle("Avg. # of military techs", axis(1)) ///
+legend(label(1 "GDP/capita, rich 25%") label(2 "GDP/capita, poor 25%") ///
+label(3 "Military techs, rich 25%") label(4 "Military techs, poor 25%")  region(col(white)))
+graph export "jtg_figures/main/fig_2_gdp_mtech.pdf", replace
+graph export "jtg_figures/main/fig_2_gdp_mtech.eps", replace
+
+*balanced (not reported in text, but referred to in note to Figure 1)
+twoway line lngdp_balance_p25 year, lcolor(black) lpattern(dash) yaxis(2)  ///
+|| line lngdp_balance_p75 year, lcolor(gs8) lpattern(dash) yaxis(2)  ///
+|| line mtech_balance_p25 year, lcolor(black)  ///
+|| line mtech_balance_p75 year,  lcolor(gs8) ///
+plotregion(fcolor(white)) graphregion(color(white)) ///
+ytitle("Avg. log GDP/capita", axis(2)) ytitle("Avg. # of military techs", axis(1)) ///
+legend(label(1 "GDP/capita, rich 25%") label(2 "GDP/capita, poor 25%") ///
+label(3 "Military techs, rich 25%") label(4 "Military techs, poor 25%")  region(col(white)))
+
+restore
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//////// FIGURE 3: CUMULATIVE DEMOCRATIZTIONS AND MILITARY TECHNOLOGY //////////
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+*** PANEL A ***
+preserve
+drop if democratization==.
+drop if lngdpc==.
+drop if mtech==.
+egen median_mtech=median(mtech) if mtech!=., by(year)
+gen above_median=.
+replace above_median=1 if mtech>median_mtech & median_mtech!=.
+replace above_median=0 if mtech<median_mtech & median_mtech!=.
+
+*assign countries on median to both groups with 1/2 weight
+replace democratization=democratization/2 if above_median==.
+expand 2, gen(dup)
+drop if dup==1 & above_median!=.
+replace above_median=dup if above_median==.
+
+replace democratization=democratization/100
+
+collapse (sum) democratization, by(year above_median)
+
+sort above_median year
+gen cum_democ=0
+replace cum_democ=cum_democ[_n-1]+democratization if _n>1 & above_median==above_median[_n-1]
+
+twoway line cum_democ year if above_median==1, lcolor(gs10) || line cum_democ year if above_median==0, lcolor(black) /// 
+legend(label(1 "Above median military tech") labe(2 "Below median military tech")  region(col(white))) ///
+plotregion(fcolor(white)) graphregion(color(white)) ///
+ytitle("Cumulative democratisations") xtitle("Year") 
+graph export "jtg_figures/main/fig_3a_cumulative_democratisations.pdf", replace
+graph export "jtg_figures/main/fig_3a_cumulative_democratisations.eps", replace
+
+restore
+
+*** PANEL B ***
+preserve
+drop if democratization==.
+drop if lngdpc==.
+drop if mtech==.
+reghdfe mtech lngdpc, absorb(year) resid(mtech_conditional)
+egen median_mtech=median(mtech_conditional) if mtech_conditional!=., by(year)
+
+gen above_median=.
+replace above_median=1 if mtech_conditional>median_mtech & mtech_conditional!=. & median_mtech!=.
+replace above_median=0 if mtech_conditional<median_mtech & mtech_conditional!=. & median_mtech!=.
+
+replace democratization=democratization/100
+
+collapse (sum) democratization, by(year above_median)
+bysort above_median: sum democratization
+sort above_median year
+gen cum_democ=0
+replace cum_democ=cum_democ[_n-1]+democratization if _n>1 & above_median==above_median[_n-1]
+
+twoway line cum_democ year if above_median==1, lcolor(gs10) || line cum_democ year if above_median==0, lcolor(black) ///
+legend(label(1 "Above median military tech") labe(2 "Below median military tech")  region(col(white))) ///
+plotregion(fcolor(white)) graphregion(color(white)) ///
+ytitle("Cumulative democratizations") xtitle("Year") 
+
+graph export "jtg_figures/main/fig_3b_cumulative_democratizations.pdf", replace
+graph export "jtg_figures/main/fig_3b_cumulative_democratizations.eps", replace
+restore
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+/////////FIGURE 3: SAMPLE SIZE AND DEMOCRATIZATIONS ////////////////////////////
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+preserve
+drop if year>2010 | year<1820
+gen sample_all=1 if democracy!=.
+gen sample_auto=1 if democracy==0
+gen sample_democ=1 if democratization==100 & democracy[_n-1]==0
+gen sample_durdemoc=1 if durdem==100  & democracy[_n-1]==0
+gen sample_lastdem=1 if lastdem==100  & democracy[_n-1]==0
+collapse (sum) sample*, by(year)
+twoway bar sample_democ year, yaxis(2) color(gs12) ||  bar sample_durdemoc year, yaxis(2) color(gs8) ||  bar sample_lastdem year, yaxis(2) color(gs2) yscale(range(0 12) axis(2)) ///
+|| line sample_all year, lcolor(gs10) || line sample_auto year, lcolor(black) xscale(range(1820(10) 2010)) yscale(range(0 200) axis(1)) ///
+plotregion(fcolor(white)) graphregion(color(white)) ///
+ytitle("Number of countries", axis(1)) xtitle("Year") ytitle("Number of democratisations", axis(2)) ///
+legend(label(1 "Democratisation") label(2 "Durable democratisation") label(3 "Unreversed democratization") label(4 "Countries in data") label(5 "Autocracies in sample")  region(col(white)))
+graph export "jtg_figures/main/fig_4_sample.pdf", replace
+graph export "jtg_figures/main/fig_4_sample.eps", replace 
+restore
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///////// FIGURE S-CURVES //////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+preserve
+drop if year<1850
+drop if year>2010
+gen tech_1=m2_iv_n2
+gen tech_2=r3_iv_n2
+twoway line tech_1 year if country=="Denmark", lcolor(black) ///
+|| line tech_1 year if  country=="Peru", lcolor(gs6)  ///
+|| line tech_1 year if  country=="Thailand", lcolor(gs10) ///
+|| line tech_2 year if country=="Denmark", lcolor(black)   ///
+|| line tech_2 year if  country=="Peru", lcolor(gs6)   ///
+|| line tech_2 year if  country=="Thailand", lcolor(gs10)   ///
+plotregion(fcolor(white)) graphregion(color(white)) ///
+legend(order(1 "Denmark" 2 "Peru" 3 "Thailand") rows(1)  region(col(white)) ) ///
+ytitle("Weighted adoption rate") xtitle("Year") ///
+text(0.9 1885  "Automatic" "machine gun") text(0.5 1980  "First generation" "jet fighter")
+graph export "jtg_figures/main/fig_5a_s-curves.pdf", replace
+graph export "jtg_figures/main/fig_5a_s-curves.eps", replace
+restore
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///////// FIGURE: IV CORRELATION DENMARK /////////////////////////////////////////////
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+preserve
+drop if year>2010 | year<1820
+twoway line mtech year if country=="Denmark", lcolor(gs10) || line ivbaseline year if country=="Denmark", lcolor(black) ///
+plotregion(fcolor(white)) graphregion(color(white)) ///
+legend(label(1 "Actual") label(2 "Instrument")  region(col(white))) ytitle("Military technology index") xtitle("Year") 
+graph export "jtg_figures/main/fig_5b_first_stage_denmark.pdf", replace
+graph export "jtg_figures/main/fig_5b_first_stage_denmark.eps", replace
+restore
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+/// FIGURE EVENT STUDY AROUND RESISTANCE MEDIAN SPLIT
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+preserve
+drop if year>2010
+gen res_onset=0 if resistance!=.
+replace res_onset=1 if resistance==1 & L.resistance==0
+gen nores=1-res_onset 
+foreach x of numlist 1/5 {
+gen post`x'=L`x'.res_onset
+gen pre`x'=F`x'.res_onset
+replace nores=0 if L`x'.res_onset==1
+replace nores=0 if F`x'.res_onset==1
+}
+
+
+reghdfe mtech lngdpc, absorb(year durableregime_no) resid(mtech_conditional)
+egen median_mtech=median(mtech_conditional) if mtech_conditional!=. & democratization!=., by(year)
+
+gen above_median=.
+replace above_median=1 if mtech_conditional>median_mtech & mtech_conditional!=. & median_mtech!=.
+replace above_median=0 if mtech_conditional<median_mtech & mtech_conditional!=. & median_mtech!=.
+
+bysort above_median: sum res_onset if durdem!=.
+sort countryno year
+
+reghdfe durdem pre* o.res_onset post* L.lngdpc nores if L.above_median==0 ,  vce(cluster country) absorb(year durableregime_no )
+estimates store est_1
+coefplot est_1, vertical omitted msymbol(s) mc(black) mfcolor(white) yline(0) ///
+lwidth(thick) lcolor(black) xlabel(1 "-5" 6 "0" 11 "5") ylabel(,angle(0) ) yscale(range(-10(5) 25)) ylabel(-10(5) 25) /// 
+xlabel(1 "-5" 2 "-4" 3 "-3" 4 "-2" 5 "-1" 6 "0" 7 "1" 8 "2" 9 "3" 10 "4" 11 "5") msymbol(circle) ciopts(recast(rcap)) ///
+keep(pre5 pre4 pre3 pre2 pre1 res_onset post1 post2 post3 post4 post5) scheme(s1mono) ///
+ytitle("Effect of resistance on likelihood of democratisation (pct)", color(black)) xtitle("Year relative to onset of resistance")  
+graph export "jtg_figures/main/fig_6a_resistance_low_mtech.pdf", replace
+graph export "jtg_figures/main/fig_6a_resistance_low_mtech.eps", replace
+
+
+reghdfe durdem pre* o.res_onset post* L.lngdpc nores if L.above_median==1 ,  vce(cluster country) absorb(year durableregime_no )
+estimates store est_1
+coefplot est_1, vertical omitted msymbol(s) mc(black) mfcolor(white) yline(0) ///
+lwidth(thick) lcolor(black) xlabel(1 "-5" 6 "0" 11 "5") ylabel(,angle(0) ) yscale(range(-10(5) 25)) ylabel(-10(5) 25) /// 
+xlabel(1 "-5" 2 "-4" 3 "-3" 4 "-2" 5 "-1" 6 "0" 7 "1" 8 "2" 9 "3" 10 "4" 11 "5") msymbol(circle) ciopts(recast(rcap)) ///
+keep(pre5 pre4 pre3 pre2 pre1 res_onset post1 post2 post3 post4 post5) scheme(s1mono) /// 
+ytitle("Effect of resistance on likelihood of democratisation (pct)", color(black)) xtitle("Year relative to onset of resistance")  
+graph export "jtg_figures/main/fig_6b_resistance_high_mtech.pdf", replace
+graph export "jtg_figures/main/fig_6b_resistance_high_mtech.eps", replace
+
+restore
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+
+
+//##############################################################################
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//                            MAIN TABLES  
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//##############################################################################
+
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//TABLE 2: FIRST STAGE AND TEST OF EXCLUSION RESTRICTION
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+*Ordinary estimates
+preserve
+replace ivbaseline=ivbaseline/100
+replace mtech=mtech/100
+
+gen war5=max(interstatewar, L.interstatewar, L2.interstatewar, L3.interstatewar, L4.interstatewar)
+gen mildispute5=max(mildispute, L.mildispute, L2.mildispute, L3.mildispute, L4.mildispute)
+
+drop if country=="United Kingdom" | country=="France" | country=="Germany" | country=="United States" | country=="Russian Federation"
+drop if year>2010
+drop if durdem==. | mtech==.  | lngdpc==.  | ivbaseline==. 
+
+*Panel A
+reghdfe mtech  ivbaseline , vce(cluster country) absorb(durableregime_no year)
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/main/tab_2a_first_stage.tex", replace keep(ivbaseline )  bdec(2) dec(2) nocons
+reghdfe lngdpc  ivbaseline , vce(cluster country) absorb(durableregime_no year)
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/main/tab_2a_first_stage.tex", append keep(ivbaseline )  bdec(2) dec(2) nocons
+reghdfe lntrade  ivbaseline , vce(cluster country) absorb(durableregime_no year)
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/main/tab_2a_first_stage.tex", append keep(ivbaseline )  bdec(2) dec(2) nocons
+reghdfe war5  ivbaseline , vce(cluster country) absorb(durableregime_no year)
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/main/tab_2a_first_stage.tex", append keep(ivbaseline )  bdec(2) dec(2) nocons
+reghdfe mildispute5 ivbaseline  , vce(cluster country) absorb(durableregime_no year)
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/main/tab_2a_first_stage.tex", append excel keep(ivbaseline )  bdec(2) dec(2) nocons
+
+*Panel B
+reghdfe mtech  mtech , vce(cluster country) absorb(durableregime_no year)
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/main/tab_2b_ols.tex", replace keep(mtech )  bdec(2) dec(2) nocons
+reghdfe lngdpc  mtech , vce(cluster country) absorb(durableregime_no year)
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/main/tab_2b_ols.tex", append keep(mtech )  bdec(2) dec(2) nocons
+reghdfe lntrade  mtech , vce(cluster country) absorb(durableregime_no year)
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/main/tab_2b_ols.tex", append keep(mtech )  bdec(2) dec(2) nocons
+reghdfe war5  mtech , vce(cluster country) absorb(durableregime_no year)
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/main/tab_2b_ols.tex", append keep(mtech )  bdec(2) dec(2) nocons
+reghdfe mildispute5 mtech  , vce(cluster country) absorb(durableregime_no year)
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/main/tab_2b_ols.tex", append excel keep(mtech )  bdec(2) dec(2) nocons
+
+restore
+
+
+*Standardized coefficients
+preserve
+replace ivbaseline=ivbaseline/100
+replace mtech=mtech/100
+
+gen war5=max(interstatewar, L.interstatewar, L2.interstatewar, L3.interstatewar, L4.interstatewar)
+gen mildispute5=max(mildispute, L.mildispute, L2.mildispute, L3.mildispute, L4.mildispute)
+
+drop if country=="United Kingdom" | country=="France" | country=="Germany" | country=="United States" | country=="Russian Federation"
+drop if year>2010
+drop if durdem==. | mtech==.  | lngdpc==.  | ivbaseline==. 
+
+local stdvars "mtech ivbaseline lngdpc lntrade war5 mildispute5"
+foreach x of local  stdvars {
+qui: reghdfe `x', absorb(regime_no year) res(`x'_res)
+egen std_`x'=std(`x'_res)
+replace `x' =std_`x'
+}
+
+*Panel A
+reghdfe mtech  ivbaseline , vce(cluster country) absorb(durableregime_no year)
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/main/tab_2a_first_stage_std.tex", replace keep(ivbaseline )  bdec(2) dec(2) nocons
+reghdfe lngdpc  ivbaseline , vce(cluster country) absorb(durableregime_no year)
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/main/tab_2a_first_stage_std.tex", append keep(ivbaseline )  bdec(2) dec(2) nocons
+reghdfe lntrade  ivbaseline , vce(cluster country) absorb(durableregime_no year)
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/main/tab_2a_first_stage_std.tex", append keep(ivbaseline )  bdec(2) dec(2) nocons
+reghdfe war5  ivbaseline , vce(cluster country) absorb(durableregime_no year)
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/main/tab_2a_first_stage_std.tex", append keep(ivbaseline )  bdec(2) dec(2) nocons
+reghdfe mildispute5 ivbaseline  , vce(cluster country) absorb(durableregime_no year)
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/main/tab_2a_first_stage_std.tex", append excel keep(ivbaseline )  bdec(2) dec(2) nocons
+
+*Panel B
+reghdfe mtech  mtech , vce(cluster country) absorb(durableregime_no year)
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/main/tab_2b_ols_std.tex", replace keep(mtech )  bdec(2) dec(2) nocons
+reghdfe lngdpc  mtech , vce(cluster country) absorb(durableregime_no year)
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/main/tab_2b_ols_std.tex", append keep(mtech )  bdec(2) dec(2) nocons
+reghdfe lntrade  mtech , vce(cluster country) absorb(durableregime_no year)
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/main/tab_2b_ols_std.tex", append keep(mtech )  bdec(2) dec(2) nocons
+reghdfe war5  mtech , vce(cluster country) absorb(durableregime_no year)
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/main/tab_2b_ols_std.tex", append keep(mtech )  bdec(2) dec(2) nocons
+reghdfe mildispute5 mtech  , vce(cluster country) absorb(durableregime_no year)
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/main/tab_2b_ols_std.tex", append excel keep(mtech )  bdec(2) dec(2) nocons
+
+restore
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//TABLE 3: MAIN RESULTS
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+preserve
+drop if country=="United Kingdom" | country=="France" | country=="Germany" | country=="United States" | country=="Russian Federation"
+drop if year>2010
+
+
+sum democratization if L.mtech!=. &  L.lngdpc!=. &  L.ivbaseline!=.
+local democratization_mean=`r(mean)'/100
+sum durdem if L.mtech!=. &  L.lngdpc!=. &  L.ivbaseline!=.
+local durdem_mean=`r(mean)'/100
+sum lastdem  if L.mtech!=. &  L.lngdpc!=. &  L.ivbaseline!=.
+local lastdem_mean=`r(mean)'/100
+sum demreverse if L.mtech!=. &  L.lngdpc!=. &  L.ivbaseline!=.
+local demreverse_mean=`r(mean)'/100
+
+
+*Col 1: OLS, democratization with autocracy spell fixed effects
+ivreghdfe democratization L.mtech  L.lngdpc if L.ivbaseline!=., robust cluster(country)  absorb(year regime_no)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/main/tab_3_main_results.tex", replace keep(L.mtech  L.lngdpc)  bdec(2) dec(2) e(model) addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits', Mean of dependent variable, `democratization_mean')
+*Col 2: IV, democratization with autocracy spell fixed effects
+ivreghdfe democratization (L.mtech =L.ivbaseline)   L.lngdpc , robust cluster(country)  absorb(year regime_no)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/main/tab_3_main_results.tex", append keep(L.mtech  L.lngdpc)  bdec(2) dec(2) e(model rkf)  addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits', Mean of dependent variable, `democratization_mean')
+*Col 3: OLS, semi-permanent democratization with autocracy spell fixed effects
+ivreghdfe durdem L.mtech L.lngdpc  if L.ivbaseline!=., robust  cluster(country)  absorb(year durableregime_no)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/main/tab_3_main_results.tex", append keep(L.mtech  L.lngdpc)  bdec(2) dec(2) e(model)  addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits', Mean of dependent variable, `durdem_mean')
+*Col 4: IV, semi-permanent democratization with autocracy spell fixed effects
+ivreghdfe durdem (L.mtech =L.ivbaseline)  L.lngdpc  , robust  cluster(country)  absorb(year durableregime_no)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/main/tab_3_main_results.tex", append keep(L.mtech  L.lngdpc)  bdec(2) dec(2) e(model rkf)  addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits', Mean of dependent variable, `durdem_mean')
+*Col 5: OLS, likelihood of last (and not reversed) democratization
+ivreghdfe lastdem L.mtech  L.lngdpc if L.ivbaseline!=., robust cluster(country)  absorb(year countryno)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/main/tab_3_main_results.tex", append keep(L.mtech  L.lngdpc)  bdec(2) dec(2) e(model)   addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits', Mean of dependent variable, `lastdem_mean')
+*Col 6: IV, likelihood of last (and not reversed) democratization
+ivreghdfe lastdem (L.mtech =L.ivbaseline)   L.lngdpc , robust cluster(country)  absorb(year countryno)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/main/tab_3_main_results.tex", append keep(L.mtech  L.lngdpc)  bdec(2) dec(2) e(model rkf)  addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits', Mean of dependent variable, `lastdem_mean')
+*Col 7: OLS, likelihood of democratic reversal
+ivreghdfe demreverse L.mtech  L.lngdpc if L.ivbaseline!=., robust cluster(country)  absorb(year countryno)
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/main/tab_3_main_results.tex", append keep(L.mtech  L.lngdpc)  bdec(2) dec(2) e(model) addstat(Mean of dependent variable, `demreverse_mean') 
+*Col 8: IV, likelihood of democratic reversal
+ivreghdfe demreverse (L.mtech =L.ivbaseline)  L.lngdpc , robust cluster(country)  absorb(year countryno)
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/main/tab_3_main_results.tex", append excel keep(L.mtech  L.lngdpc)  bdec(2) dec(2) e(model rkf) addstat(Mean of dependent variable, `demreverse_mean')
+restore
+
+
+// Auxillary results for Table 3: Conditional military technology
+// (used to assess magnitudes of coefficients, see Section 6 of the paper)
+preserve
+drop if country=="United Kingdom" | country=="France" | country=="Germany" | country=="United States" | country=="Russian Federation"
+drop if year>2010
+reghdfe L.mtech  L.lngdpc if L.ivbaseline!=. & L.democracy==0, cluster(country)  absorb(year regime_no) residuals(conditional_mtech_ols)
+reghdfe L.mtech L.ivbaseline L.lngdpc if L.ivbaseline!=. & L.democracy==0, cluster(country)  absorb(year regime_no) 
+predict mtech_hat
+reghdfe mtech_hat  L.lngdpc if L.ivbaseline!=., cluster(country)  absorb(year regime_no) residuals(conditional_mtech_iv)
+sum conditional_mtech* if mtech!=. &  lngdpc!=. &  ivbaseline!=. & democracy==0, detail
+sum conditional_mtech* if mtech!=. &  lngdpc!=. &  ivbaseline!=. & democracy==0 & year==2010, detail
+
+ivreghdfe democratization conditional_mtech_ols  L.lngdpc if L.ivbaseline!=. & conditional_mtech_ols>-2 & conditional_mtech_ols<1.8, robust cluster(country)  absorb(year regime_no)
+restore
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// TABLE 4: DEMORATIC DIFF TABLE
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+preserve
+
+drop if country=="United Kingdom" | country=="France" | country=="Germany" | country=="United States" | country=="Russian Federation"
+drop if year>2010
+
+*Col 1: baseline
+ivreghdfe durdem (L.mtech=L.ivbaseline) L.lngdpc , robust cluster(countryno)  absorb(year durableregime_no)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/main/tab_4_democratic_diffusion.tex", replace keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc  )  bdec(2) dec(2)  e(model rkf) addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+*democratization among neighbors
+ivreghdfe durdem (L.mtech=L.ivbaseline) L.lngdpc n1_democratization_3y n2_democratization_3y, robust cluster(countryno)  absorb(year durableregime_no)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/main/tab_4_democratic_diffusion.tex", append keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc n1_democratization_3y n2_democratization_3y )  bdec(2) dec(2)  e(model rkf)  addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+*democracy in region (Acemoglu et al)
+ivreghdfe durdem (L.mtech=L.ivbaseline) L.lngdpc democracy_iv_ANRR, robust cluster(countryno)  absorb(year durableregime_no)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/main/tab_4_democratic_diffusion.tex", append keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc  democracy_iv_ANRR)  bdec(2) dec(2)  e(model rkf)  addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+*distance-weighted democracy in autocratix peers
+ivreghdfe durdem (L.mtech=L.ivbaseline) L.lngdpc democracy_iv_ANRR_distw, robust cluster(countryno)  absorb(year durableregime_no)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/main/tab_4_democratic_diffusion.tex", append keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc democracy_iv_ANRR_distw )  bdec(2) dec(2)  e(model rkf)  addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+* combined
+ivreghdfe durdem (L.mtech=L.ivbaseline) L.lngdpc n1_democratization_3y n2_democratization_3y    democracy_iv_ANRR democracy_iv_ANRR_distw, robust cluster(countryno)  absorb(year durableregime_no)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/main/tab_4_democratic_diffusion.tex", append keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc L.lngdpc n1_democratization_3y n2_democratization_3y  democracy_iv_ANRR democracy_iv_ANRR_distw )  bdec(2) dec(2)  e(model rkf)  addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+* OLS
+ivreghdfe durdem L.mtech  L.lngdpc n1_democratization_3y n2_democratization_3y democracy_iv_ANRR democracy_iv_ANRR_distw if L.ivbaseline!=., robust cluster(countryno)  absorb(year durableregime_no)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/main/tab_4_democratic_diffusion.tex", append excel keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc L.lngdpc n1_democratization_3y n2_democratization_3y democracy_iv_ANRR democracy_iv_ANRR_distw )  bdec(2) dec(2)  e(model rkf)  addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+
+
+*Reduced form (cite in paper or appendix along with plausibly exogenous figure)
+*these results show that democratic diffusion controls only reduce reduced form estimate by 1% compared to 50% required to make results insignificant
+ivreghdfe durdem L.ivbaseline L.lngdpc if L.mtech!=., robust cluster(countryno)  absorb(year durableregime_no)
+ivreghdfe durdem L.ivbaseline L.lngdpc n1_democratization_3y n2_democratization_3y   democracy_iv_ANRR democracy_iv_ANRR_distw if L.mtech!=., robust cluster(countryno)  absorb(year durableregime_no)
+
+restore
+
+
+
+
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//TABLE 5: SUPPORTING EVIDENCE FROM FORMER COLONIES
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+preserve
+egen firstyear=min(year) if tpop!=. & colony==1 & year>=1945, by(iso3)
+replace firstyear=firstyear[_n-1] if firstyear==. & iso3==iso3[_n-1]
+
+gen temp1=mtech if year==firstyear & democracy!=. 
+egen mtech_ini=mean(temp1), by(country)
+
+drop if mtech_ini==. 
+replace democracy=democracy*100
+gen temp2=democracy if year==firstyear
+egen demo_ini=mean(temp2), by(country)
+
+gen decade_fe=floor(year/10)
+
+reghdfe mtech ivbaseline if year==firstyear, vce(robust)  absorb(decade continent)
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/main/tab_5_colonies.tex", replace keep(ivbaseline )  bdec(2) dec(2)  e(model ) nocons
+reghdfe mtech ivbaseline if year==firstyear+15 , vce(robust)  absorb(decade continent)
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/main/tab_5_colonies.tex", append keep(ivbaseline )  bdec(2) dec(2)  e(model ) nocons
+
+replace firstyear=1990 if firstyear==1991 //correction for former soviet republics to have them in the 30-year sample (data end in 2020)
+
+reghdfe democracy mtech_ini demo_ini if year==firstyear+15 , vce(robust) absorb(decade continent)
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/main/tab_5_colonies.tex", append  keep(mtech_ini demo_ini)  bdec(2) dec(2)  e(model ) nocons
+reghdfe democracy mtech_ini demo_ini if year==firstyear+30 , vce(robust) absorb(decade continent)
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/main/tab_5_colonies.tex", append  keep(mtech_ini demo_ini)  bdec(2) dec(2)  e(model ) nocons
+
+reghdfe democracy mtech_ini demo_ini if year==firstyear+15 & colony_we==1, vce(robust) absorb(decade continent)
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/main/tab_5_colonies.tex", append  keep(mtech_ini demo_ini)  bdec(2) dec(2)  e(model ) nocons
+reghdfe democracy mtech_ini demo_ini if year==firstyear+30  & colony_we==1, vce(robust) absorb(decade continent)
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/main/tab_5_colonies.tex", append  excel keep(mtech_ini demo_ini)  bdec(2) dec(2)  e(model ) nocons
+
+restore
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//TABLE 6: WHAT CORRELATES WITH DURABLE DEMOCRATIZATION?
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+preserve
+drop if durdem==.
+gen recession_3y=0
+replace recession_3y=1 if lngdpc-L2.lngdpc<-0.05 & countryno==L2.countryno
+
+drop if year<1948
+drop if year>2006
+gen obs=1
+
+collapse (mean) resistance_3y vresistance_3y nresistance_3y civilwar_central_3y interstatewar_3y mildispute_3y recession_3y (sum) obs, by(durdem)
+
+rename *_3y mean*
+rename obs meanobs
+
+reshape long mean, i(durdem ) j(variable) string
+reshape wide mean, i(variable ) j(durdem)
+
+rename mean0 no_change
+rename mean100 democratization
+order  variable democratization no_change
+gen difference=democratization-no_change if variable!="obs"
+
+replace variable="violent resistance" if variable=="vresistance"
+replace variable="nonviolent resistance" if variable=="nresistance"
+replace variable="interstate war" if variable=="interstatewar"
+replace variable="militarized dispute" if variable=="mildispute"
+replace variable="civil war for central control" if variable=="civilwar_central"
+replace variable="observations" if variable=="obs"
+
+save "jtg_tables/main/tab_6_correlates_of_democratisation.dta", replace
+restore
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//TABLE 7: RESISTANCE OLS & IV
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+*Column 1 and 2
+preserve
+gen durdem_res=durdem if resistance!=. & year<=2006 & year>1945
+replace durdem_res=0 if resistance_3y==0 & durdem_res==100
+gen durdem_exres=durdem-durdem_res
+
+*ols
+ivreghdfe durdem_res L.mtech L.lngdpc if democratization!=.,  robust  cluster(country) absorb(year durableregime_no)
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/main/tab_7a_resistance_ols.tex", replace keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc  )  bdec(2) dec(2) e(model rkf)
+ivreghdfe durdem_exres  L.mtech L.lngdpc if democratization!=.,  robust  cluster(country) absorb(year durableregime_no) 
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/main/tab_7a_resistance_ols.tex", append keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc  )  bdec(2) dec(2) e(model rkf)
+
+*iv
+ivreghdfe durdem_res (L.mtech=L.ivbaseline) L.lngdpc if democratization!=.,  robust  cluster(country) absorb(year durableregime_no) 
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/main/tab_7b_resistance_iv.tex", replace keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc  )  bdec(2) dec(2) e(model rkf)
+ivreghdfe durdem_exres (L.mtech=L.ivbaseline) L.lngdpc if democratization!=.,  robust  cluster(country) absorb(year durableregime_no) 
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/main/tab_7b_resistance_iv.tex", append keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc  )  bdec(2) dec(2) e(model rkf)
+restore
+
+
+*Column 3 and 4
+preserve
+gen Lmtech=L.mtech
+gen Livbaseline=L.ivbaseline
+gen Llngdpc=L.lngdpc
+save "jtg_data/temp.dta", replace
+clear
+use "jtg_data_raw/navco_v2.dta"
+gen year_act=year
+replace year=year-1
+
+destring tccode, replace force
+replace tccode=490 if target=="Mobutu regime"
+drop if lccode!=tccode 
+replace ccode=tccode
+replace ccode = 818 if location=="Vietnam" 
+replace ccode = 315 if location=="Czechoslovakia"
+replace ccode = 365 if location=="USSR"
+replace ccode = 365 if location=="Russia"
+replace ccode = 679 if location=="Yemen"
+
+merge m:1 ccode year using "jtg_data/temp.dta", keepusing(Lmtech Llngdpc Livbaseline democracy durdem tpop)
+drop if _merge!=3
+
+gen decade=floor(year_act/10)
+egen maxyear=max(year_act), by(campaign)
+replace cyear=2 if maxyear==year_act & year_act!=2006
+egen campaign_no=group(campaign)
+xtset campaign_no year
+egen maxsuccess=max(success), by(campaign)
+egen maxprim_method=max(prim_method), by(campaign)
+replace success=success*100
+
+*ols
+ivreghdfe success Lmtech Llngdpc if democracy==0 & cyear==2 , robust  absorb(decade )
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/main/tab_7a_resistance_ols.tex", append keep(Lmtech Llngdpc  )  bdec(2) dec(2) e(model rkf) 
+ivreghdfe success Lmtech Llngdpc if democracy==0 & cyear==2 & maxprim_method==1 , robust  absorb(decade ) 
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/main/tab_7a_resistance_ols.tex", append keep(Lmtech Llngdpc  )  bdec(2) dec(2) e(model rkf) 
+
+*iv
+ivreghdfe success (Lmtech=Livbaseline) Llngdpc if democracy==0 & cyear==2 , robust  absorb(decade )
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/main/tab_7b_resistance_iv.tex", append keep(Lmtech Llngdpc  )  bdec(2) dec(2) e(model rkf) 
+ivreghdfe success (Lmtech=Livbaseline) Llngdpc if democracy==0 & cyear==2 & maxprim_method==1 , robust  absorb(decade ) 
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/main/tab_7b_resistance_iv.tex", append keep(Lmtech Llngdpc  )  bdec(2) dec(2) e(model rkf) 
+
+restore
+erase "jtg_data/temp.dta"
+
+
+*Column 5 and 6
+preserve
+replace resistance=resistance*100
+replace nresistance=nresistance*100
+drop if year>2006
+
+*ols
+ivreghdfe resistance L.mtech L.lngdpc if democratization!=. ,  robust  cluster(country) absorb(year durableregime_no)
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/main/tab_7a_resistance_ols.tex", append keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc  )  bdec(2) dec(2) e(model rkf)
+ivreghdfe nresistance L.mtech L.lngdpc if democratization!=. ,  robust  cluster(country) absorb(year durableregime_no)
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/main/tab_7a_resistance_ols.tex", append excel keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc  )  bdec(2) dec(2) e(model rkf)
+
+*iv
+ivreghdfe resistance (L.mtech=L.ivbaseline) L.lngdpc if democratization!=. ,  robust  cluster(country) absorb(year durableregime_no) first
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/main/tab_7b_resistance_iv.tex", append keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc  )  bdec(2) dec(2) e(model rkf)
+ivreghdfe nresistance (L.mtech=L.ivbaseline) L.lngdpc if democratization!=. ,  robust  cluster(country) absorb(year durableregime_no) first
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/main/tab_7b_resistance_iv.tex", append excel keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc  )  bdec(2) dec(2) e(model rkf)
+
+restore
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//TABLE 8: MILITARY COUPS 
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+preserve
+drop if year>2010
+
+replace rchange_vdem=0 if  L.v2regendtype==4 //remove regime change following the natural death of the leader
+replace rchange_vdem=. if  democracy_vdem==. //remove regime changes in (current) colonies
+gen rc_mcoup=rchange_vdem
+replace rc_mcoup=0 if L.v2regendtype!=0 & rchange_vdem!=.
+gen rc_nomcoup=rchange_vdem-rc_mcoup
+
+sum rchange_* rc_*  
+sum rchange_* rc_* if L.democracy_vdem!=1 & L.mtech!=. &  L.lngdpc !=.
+
+*ols
+ivreghdfe rchange_vdem L.mtech  L.lngdpc if L.democracy_vdem!=1 & L.ivbaseline!=.,  robust  cluster(country) absorb(year durautoregime_no_vdem)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/main/tab_8_role_of_military.tex", replace keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc )  bdec(2) dec(2)  e(model rkf) addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+ivreghdfe rc_mcoup L.mtech  L.lngdpc if  L.democracy_vdem!=1  & L.ivbaseline!=.,  robust  cluster(country) absorb(year durautoregime_no_vdem)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/main/tab_8_role_of_military.tex", append keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc )  bdec(2) dec(2)  e(model rkf) addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+ivreghdfe rc_nomcoup L.mtech  L.lngdpc if  L.democracy_vdem!=1 & L.ivbaseline!=.,  robust  cluster(country) absorb(year durautoregime_no_vdem)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/main/tab_8_role_of_military.tex", append keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc )  bdec(2) dec(2)  e(model rkf) addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+
+*iv 
+ivreghdfe rchange_vdem (L.mtech=L.ivbaseline)  L.lngdpc if  L.democracy_vdem!=1 ,  robust  cluster(country) absorb(year durautoregime_no_vdem)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/main/tab_8_role_of_military.tex", append keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc )  bdec(2) dec(2)  e(model rkf) addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+ivreghdfe rc_mcoup (L.mtech=L.ivbaseline)  L.lngdpc if  L.democracy_vdem!=1,  robust  cluster(country) absorb(year durautoregime_no_vdem)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/main/tab_8_role_of_military.tex", append keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc )  bdec(2) dec(2)  e(model rkf) addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+ivreghdfe rc_nomcoup (L.mtech=L.ivbaseline)  L.lngdpc if  L.democracy_vdem!=1 ,  robust  cluster(country) absorb(year durautoregime_no_vdem)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/main/tab_8_role_of_military.tex", append excel keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc )  bdec(2) dec(2)  e(model rkf) addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+
+restore
+
+
+
+
+
+

41/replication_package/4_jtg_results_appendix.do

@@ -0,0 +1,862 @@
+clear
+
+*IMPORTANT: Set current directoy to path of do-file before running
+cd "path of this do file"
+
+use "jtg_data\jtg_main.dta"
+
+
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// FIGURE A1: EFFECTIVENESS
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+preserve
+clear
+set obs 7
+
+
+gen techname=""
+gen category=""
+gen effective_range=.
+gen rate_of_fire=.
+
+replace category="f" if _n<=9
+replace techname="Matchlock musket" if _n==1
+replace techname="Snaphaunce" if _n==2
+replace techname="Flintlock" if _n==3
+replace techname="Percussion lock" if _n==4
+replace techname="Minié bullet rifle" if _n==5
+replace techname="Breechloading rifle" if _n==6
+replace techname="Tubular magazine rifle" if _n==7
+replace techname="Box magazine rifle" if _n==8
+replace techname="Assault rifle" if _n==9
+
+replace category="m" if _n<=2
+replace techname="Hand-cranked" if _n==1
+replace techname="Automatic" if _n==2
+
+replace category="a" if _n>2
+replace techname="Field gun" if _n==3
+replace techname="Rifled artillery" if _n==4
+replace techname="Steel tubes" if _n==5
+replace techname="Breechloading" if _n==6
+replace techname="Recoil mechanism" if _n==7
+
+** Data from Zabecki 2014 (see main text for full reference). 
+** A few corrections are made, see the comments below
+*a. Effective range (in meters)
+
+replace effective_range=600 if techname=="Hand-cranked"
+replace effective_range=1500 if techname=="Automatic"
+
+replace effective_range=(900+1480)/2 if techname=="Field gun" // average of two different kinds of smoothbore cannons
+replace effective_range=(2800+3000)/2 if techname=="Rifled artillery"  // average of two different kinds of rifled artillery
+replace effective_range=3800 if techname=="Steel tubes"
+replace effective_range=3800 if techname=="Breechloading"
+replace effective_range=3800 if techname=="Recoil mechanism"
+
+*b. Rate of fire (shots/minute)
+replace rate_of_fire=200 if techname=="Hand-cranked"
+replace rate_of_fire=825 if techname=="Automatic"
+
+replace rate_of_fire=1 if techname=="Field gun"
+replace rate_of_fire= 1 if techname=="Rifled artillery"
+replace rate_of_fire=2 if techname=="Steel tubes"
+replace rate_of_fire=3.5 if techname=="Breechloading"
+replace rate_of_fire=8 if techname=="Recoil mechanism" //average of sustained and burst. Could in theory fire three times as often
+
+*calculate geometric mean
+gen simpleeffect=sqrt(effective_range*rate_of_fire)
+
+
+*Panel A
+graph hbar simpleeffect if category=="a", over(techname, sort(simpleeffect)) ///
+ytitle("Geometric mean of range and rate of fire") plotregion(fcolor(white)) graphregion(color(white)) ///
+bar(1, color(gs8))
+graph export "jtg_figures/appendix/fig_a1a_effectiveness.eps", replace
+graph export "jtg_figures/appendix/fig_a1a_effectiveness.pdf", replace
+*Panel B
+graph hbar simpleeffect if category=="m", over(techname, sort(simpleeffect)) ///
+ytitle("Geometric mean of range and rate of fire") plotregion(fcolor(white)) graphregion(color(white)) ///
+bar(1, color(gs8))
+graph export "jtg_figures/appendix/fig_a1b_effectiveness.eps", replace
+graph export "jtg_figures/appendix/fig_a1b_effectiveness.pdf", replace
+
+restore
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+/// FIGURE D1: DEMOCRACIES AND MILITARY TECHNOLOGY BY CONTINENT
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+//PANEL A: DEMOCRACY BY CONTINENT
+preserve
+collapse (sum) democracy, by(continent year)
+drop if year>2010
+
+sort year
+twoway line democracy year if continent=="Africa", lcolor(black) ///
+|| line democracy year if continent=="Asia and Oceania", lcolor(gray) ///
+|| line democracy year if continent=="Americas", lcolor(black) lpattern(dash) ///
+|| line democracy year if continent=="Europe", lcolor(gray) lpattern(dash) ///
+legend(label(1 "Africa") label(2 "Asia and Oceania") label(3 "Americas") label(4 "Europe")  region(col(white))) ///
+plotregion(fcolor(white)) graphregion(color(white)) ///
+ytitle("Number of countries") xtitle("Year") 
+graph export "jtg_figures/appendix/fig_d1a_democracy_by_continent.pdf", replace
+graph export "jtg_figures/appendix/fig_d1a_democracy_by_continent.eps", replace
+
+restore
+
+//PANEL A: MILITARY TECHNOLOGY BY CONTINENT
+preserve
+drop if democracy==.
+collapse (mean) mtech, by(continent year)
+drop if year>2010
+drop if year<1960 & continent=="Africa"
+
+sort year
+twoway line mtech year if continent=="Africa", lcolor(black) ///
+|| line mtech year if continent=="Asia and Oceania", lcolor(gray) ///
+|| line mtech year if continent=="Americas", lcolor(black) lpattern(dash) ///
+|| line mtech year if continent=="Europe", lcolor(gray) lpattern(dash) ///
+legend(label(1 "Africa") label(2 "Asia and Oceania") label(3 "Americas") label(4 "Europe")  region(col(white))) ///
+plotregion(fcolor(white)) graphregion(color(white)) ///
+ytitle("Average military technologies") xtitle("Year") 
+graph export "jtg_figures/appendix/fig_d1b_mtech_by_continent.pdf", replace
+graph export "jtg_figures/appendix/fig_d1b_mtech_by_continent.eps", replace
+
+restore
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//////////////// FIGURE D2: PLAUSIBLY EXOGENOUS IV GRAPH ///////////////////////
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+preserve
+set matsize 1000
+drop if country=="United Kingdom" | country=="France" | country=="Germany" | country=="United States" | country=="Russian Federation"
+drop if year>2010
+gen Lmtech=L.mtech
+gen Livbaseline=L.ivbaseline
+gen Llngdpc=L.lngdpc
+xi: plausexog uci durdem Llngdpc i.year i.durableregime_no (Lmtech=Livbaseline), vce(cluster countryno) grid(15) gmin(-1) gmax(0.5)  graph(Lmtech)
+graph export "jtg_figures/appendix/fig_d2_plausibly_exogenous.pdf", replace
+graph export "jtg_figures/appendix/fig_d2_plausibly_exogenous.eps", replace 
+restore
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+/////// FIGURE D3 AND D4: DISTRIBUTION OF CONDITIONAL MTECH (OLS AND IV)  //////
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+preserve
+drop if country=="United Kingdom" | country=="France" | country=="Germany" | country=="United States" | country=="Russian Federation"
+drop if year>2010
+reghdfe L.mtech  L.lngdpc if L.ivbaseline!=. & L.democracy==0, cluster(country)  absorb(year regime_no) residuals(conditional_mtech_ols)
+reghdfe L.mtech L.ivbaseline L.lngdpc if L.ivbaseline!=. & L.democracy==0, cluster(country)  absorb(year regime_no) 
+predict mtech_hat
+reghdfe mtech_hat  L.lngdpc if L.ivbaseline!=., cluster(country)  absorb(year regime_no) residuals(conditional_mtech_iv)
+
+*full sample
+twoway hist conditional_mtech_ols, color(gs10) || hist conditional_mtech_iv,  lcolor(black) fcolor(none) bin(16) ///
+legend(label(1 "Actual") label(2 "Instrumented")  region(col(white))) plotregion(fcolor(white)) graphregion(color(white)) xtitle("Conditional mtech")
+graph export "jtg_figures/appendix/fig_d3_conditional_mtech.pdf", replace
+graph export "jtg_figures/appendix/fig_d3_conditional_mtech.eps", replace
+
+*2010
+drop if year!=2010
+twoway hist conditional_mtech_ols, color(gs10)  bin(24) || hist conditional_mtech_iv,  lcolor(black) fcolor(none) bin(12) ///
+legend(label(1 "Actual") label(2 "Instrumented")  region(col(white))) plotregion(fcolor(white)) graphregion(color(white)) xtitle("Conditional mtech")
+graph export "jtg_figures/appendix/fig_d4_conditional_mtech_2010.pdf", replace
+graph export "jtg_figures/appendix/fig_d4_conditional_mtech_2010.eps", replace
+
+restore
+
+
+
+*###############################################################################
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//                         APPENDIX TABLES                                    //
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+*###############################################################################
+
+
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//           TABLE D1: ALTERNATIVE DEMOCRACY DATA
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+preserve
+drop if country=="United Kingdom" | country=="France" | country=="Germany" | country=="United States" | country=="Russian Federation"
+drop if year>2010
+drop if tpop==. // V-DEM codes regimes in transition to independence, so we restrict sample to independent states to avoid independence being coded as democratization.
+
+ivreghdfe democratization_polity L.mtech L.lngdpc if L.ivbaseline!=. ,  robust  cluster(country) absorb(year regime_no_polity)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d1_alt_democracy_data.tex", replace keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc   )  bdec(2) dec(2) e(model rkf)  addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+ivreghdfe democratization_polity (L.mtech=L.ivbaseline)  L.lngdpc   ,  robust  cluster(country) absorb(year regime_no_polity)
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d1_alt_democracy_data.tex", append keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc   )  bdec(2) dec(2) e(model rkf)  addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+
+ivreghdfe durdem_polity L.mtech L.lngdpc if L.ivbaseline!=.,  robust  cluster(country) absorb(year durableregime_no_polity)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d1_alt_democracy_data.tex", append keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc   )  bdec(2) dec(2) e(model rkf)  addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+ivreghdfe durdem_polity (L.mtech=L.ivbaseline)  L.lngdpc   ,  robust  cluster(country) absorb(year durableregime_no_polity)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d1_alt_democracy_data.tex", append keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc   )  bdec(2) dec(2) e(model rkf)  addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+
+ivreghdfe democratization_vdem L.mtech L.lngdpc if L.ivbaseline!=.,  robust  cluster(country) absorb(year autoregime_no_vdem)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d1_alt_democracy_data.tex", append keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc   )  bdec(2) dec(2) e(model rkf)  addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+ivreghdfe democratization_vdem (L.mtech=L.ivbaseline)  L.lngdpc   ,  robust  cluster(country) absorb(year autoregime_no_vdem)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d1_alt_democracy_data.tex", append keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc   )  bdec(2) dec(2) e(model rkf)  addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+
+ivreghdfe durdem_vdem L.mtech  L.lngdpc if L.ivbaseline!=.,  robust  cluster(country) absorb(year durautoregime_no_vdem)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d1_alt_democracy_data.tex", append keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc   )  bdec(2) dec(2) e(model rkf)  addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+ivreghdfe durdem_vdem (L.mtech=L.ivbaseline)  L.lngdpc ,  robust  cluster(country) absorb(year durautoregime_no_vdem)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d1_alt_democracy_data.tex", append excel keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc   )  bdec(2) dec(2) e(model rkf)  addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+
+restore
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//           TABLE D2: ALTERNATIVE MESURES OF MILITARY TECHNOLOGY
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+preserve
+drop if country=="United Kingdom" | country=="France" | country=="Germany" | country=="United States" | country=="Russian Federation"
+drop if year>2010
+gen lnmtech=ln(mtech)
+gen lnivbaseline=ln(ivbaseline)
+
+ivreghdfe durdem L.mtech_exf L.lngdpc  if L.mtech_exf_iv_n2!=.,  robust   cluster(countryno) absorb(year durableregime_no)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d2_mtech_measurement.tex", replace keep(L.mtech_exf L.lngdpc  )  bdec(2) dec(2)  e(model rkf)  addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+ivreghdfe durdem (L.mtech_exf=L.mtech_exf_iv_n2) L.lngdpc  ,  robust   cluster(countryno) absorb(year durableregime_no)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d2_mtech_measurement.tex", append keep(L.mtech_exf L.lngdpc  )  bdec(2) dec(2)  e(model rkf)  addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+ivreghdfe durdem L.mtech_exgen L.lngdpc  if L.mtech_exgen_iv_n2!=. ,  robust   cluster(countryno) absorb(year durableregime_no)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d2_mtech_measurement.tex", append keep(L.mtech_exgen L.lngdpc  )  bdec(2) dec(2)  e(model rkf)  addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+ivreghdfe durdem (L.mtech_exgen=L.mtech_exgen_iv_n2) L.lngdpc  ,  robust   cluster(countryno) absorb(year durableregime_no)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d2_mtech_measurement.tex", append keep(L.mtech_exgen L.lngdpc  )  bdec(2) dec(2)  e(model rkf)  addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+ivreghdfe durdem L.lnmtech  L.lngdpc if L.lnivbaseline!=., robust cluster(countryno)  absorb(year durableregime_no)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d2_mtech_measurement.tex", append keep(L.lnmtech L.lngdpc  )  bdec(2) dec(2)  e(model rkf)  addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+ivreghdfe durdem (L.lnmtech=L.lnivbaseline)  L.lngdpc  , robust cluster(countryno)  absorb(year durableregime_no)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d2_mtech_measurement.tex", append excel keep(L.lnmtech L.lngdpc  )  bdec(2) dec(2)  e(model rkf)  addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+
+restore
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//           TABLE D3: 5-YEAR FREQUENCY AND LEVELS REGRESSION
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+preserve
+drop if country=="United Kingdom" | country=="France" | country=="Germany" | country=="United States" | country=="Russian Federation"
+drop if year>2010
+gen L5ivbaseline=L5.ivbaseline
+gen L5lngdpc=L5.lngdpc
+gen L5mtech=L5.mtech
+gen obsno_y5=round(year/5)
+collapse (max) democratization durdem lastdem demreverse (mean) L5mtech L5ivbaseline L5lngdpc, by(iso3 country countryno obsno_y5 regime_no )
+*Col 1: OLS, democratization with autocracy spell fixed effects
+ivreghdfe democratization L5mtech  L5lngdpc if L5ivbaseline!=., robust cluster(country)  absorb(obsno_y5 regime_no)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d3_5yr.tex", replace keep(L5mtech L5lngdpc)  bdec(2) dec(2) e(model)   addstat(Autocracy spells/countries, `xunits')
+*Col 2: IV, democratization with autocracy spell fixed effects
+ivreghdfe democratization (L5mtech =L5ivbaseline)   L5lngdpc , robust cluster(country)  absorb(obsno_y5 regime_no)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d3_5yr.tex", append keep(L5mtech L5lngdpc)  bdec(2) dec(2) e(model rkf)   addstat(Autocracy spells/countries, `xunits')
+restore
+
+preserve
+drop if country=="United Kingdom" | country=="France" | country=="Germany" | country=="United States" | country=="Russian Federation"
+drop if year>2010
+gen L5ivbaseline=L5.ivbaseline
+gen L5lngdpc=L5.lngdpc
+gen L5mtech=L5.mtech
+gen obsno_y5=round(year/5)
+collapse (max) democratization durdem lastdem demreverse (mean) L5mtech L5ivbaseline L5lngdpc, by(iso3 country countryno obsno_y5 durableregime_no)
+*Col 3: OLS, semi-permanent democratization with autocracy spell fixed effects
+ivreghdfe durdem  L5mtech  L5lngdpc if L5ivbaseline!=., robust  cluster(country)  absorb(obsno_y5 durableregime_no)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d3_5yr.tex", append keep(L5mtech L5lngdpc)  bdec(2) dec(2) e(model)    addstat(Autocracy spells/countries, `xunits')
+*Col 4: IV, semi-permanent democratization with autocracy spell fixed effects
+ivreghdfe durdem  (L5mtech =L5ivbaseline)  L5lngdpc  , robust  cluster(country)  absorb(obsno_y5 durableregime_no)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d3_5yr.tex", append keep(L5mtech L5lngdpc)  bdec(2) dec(2) e(model rkf)   addstat(Autocracy spells/countries, `xunits')
+restore
+
+preserve
+drop if country=="United Kingdom" | country=="France" | country=="Germany" | country=="United States" | country=="Russian Federation"
+drop if year>2010
+gen L5ivbaseline=L5.ivbaseline
+gen L5lngdpc=L5.lngdpc
+gen L5mtech=L5.mtech
+gen obsno_y5=round(year/5)
+collapse (max) democratization durdem lastdem demreverse (mean) L5mtech L5ivbaseline L5lngdpc, by(iso3 country countryno obsno_y5)
+*Col 5: OLS, likelihood of last (and not reversed) democratization
+ivreghdfe lastdem  L5mtech  L5lngdpc if L5ivbaseline!=., robust cluster(country)  absorb(obsno_y5 country)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d3_5yr.tex", append keep(L5mtech L5lngdpc)  bdec(2) dec(2) e(model)    addstat(Autocracy spells/countries, `xunits')
+*Col 6: IV, likelihood of last (and not reversed) democratization
+ivreghdfe lastdem  (L5mtech =L5ivbaseline)   L5lngdpc , robust cluster(country)  absorb(obsno_y5 country)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d3_5yr.tex", append keep(L5mtech L5lngdpc)  bdec(2) dec(2) e(model rkf)   addstat(Autocracy spells/countries, `xunits')
+restore
+
+
+preserve
+drop if country=="United Kingdom" | country=="France" | country=="Germany" | country=="United States" | country=="Russian Federation"
+drop if year>2010
+drop if year/5!=round(year/5)
+egen time=group(year)
+xtset countryno time
+replace lngdpc=lngdpc/100
+replace mtech=mtech/100
+reghdfe democracy L.(mtech lngdpc democracy  ), vce(cluster country) absorb(year countryno)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d3_5yr.tex", append keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc L.democracy)  bdec(2) dec(2) addstat(Autocracy spells/countries, `xunits')
+xtabond2 democracy L.(mtech lngdpc democracy ) i.year  if year>1835,  gmm(L.(democracy lngdpc mtech  ), lag(1 2)  collapse) iv(i.year)  twostep robust
+local xunits=e(N_g)
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d3_5yr.tex", append excel keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc L.democracy)  bdec(2) dec(2) addstat(Autocracy spells/countries, `xunits')
+
+restore
+xtset countryno year
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//           TABLE D4: ALTERNATIVE SAMPLES
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+preserve
+
+drop if country=="United Kingdom" | country=="France" | country=="Germany" | country=="United States" | country=="Russian Federation"
+drop if year>2010
+
+*balancing
+ivreghdfe durdem L.mtech  L.lngdpc  if longsample==1,  robust  cluster(country) absorb(year durableregime_no)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d4_alt_samples.tex", replace keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc  )  bdec(2) dec(2)  e(model rkf) addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+ivreghdfe durdem (L.mtech=L.ivbaseline)  L.lngdpc  if longsample==1,  robust  cluster(country) absorb(year durableregime_no)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d4_alt_samples.tex", append keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc  )  bdec(2) dec(2)  e(model rkf) addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+
+ivreghdfe durdem L.mtech L.lngdpc   if mediumsample==1,  robust  cluster(country) absorb(year durableregime_no)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d4_alt_samples.tex", append keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc  )  bdec(2) dec(2) e(model rkf) addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+ivreghdfe durdem (L.mtech=L.ivbaseline)  L.lngdpc   if mediumsample==1,  robust  cluster(country) absorb(year durableregime_no)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d4_alt_samples.tex", append keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc  )  bdec(2) dec(2) e(model rkf) addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+
+ivreghdfe durdem L.mtech  L.lngdpc    if shortsample==1,  robust  cluster(country) absorb(year durableregime_no)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d4_alt_samples.tex", append keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc   )  bdec(2) dec(2) e(model rkf) addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+ivreghdfe durdem (L.mtech=L.ivbaseline)  L.lngdpc    if shortsample==1,  robust  cluster(country) absorb(year durableregime_no)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d4_alt_samples.tex", append keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc   )  bdec(2) dec(2) e(model rkf) addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+
+*ex colonies (only coutries gaining independence after WWII are defined as colonies)
+ivreghdfe durdem L.mtech  L.lngdpc  if colony!=1 & L.ivbaseline!=.,  robust  cluster(country) absorb(year durableregime_no)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d4_alt_samples.tex", append keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc   )  bdec(2) dec(2) e(model rkf) addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+ivreghdfe durdem (L.mtech=L.ivbaseline)  L.lngdpc  if colony!=1,  robust  cluster(country) absorb(year durableregime_no)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d4_alt_samples.tex", append excel keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc   )  bdec(2) dec(2) e(model rkf) addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+
+restore
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//           TABLE D5: MAIN RESULTS W/O GDP
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+preserve
+drop if country=="United Kingdom" | country=="France" | country=="Germany" | country=="United States" | country=="Russian Federation"
+drop if year>2010
+
+*Col 1: democratization OLS
+ivreghdfe democratization L.mtech  if L.ivbaseline!=. & L.lngdpc!=., robust cluster(countryno)  absorb(year regime_no)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d5_no_GDP_control.tex", replace keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc )  bdec(2) dec(2)  e(model rkf) addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+*Col 2: democratization IV
+ivreghdfe democratization (L.mtech =L.ivbaseline)  if L.lngdpc!=., robust cluster(countryno)  absorb(year regime_no)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d5_no_GDP_control.tex", append keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc )  bdec(2) dec(2)  e(model rkf) addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+*Col 3: durable democratization OLS
+ivreghdfe durdem L.mtech if L.ivbaseline!=. & L.lngdpc!=. , robust  cluster(countryno)  absorb(year durableregime_no)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d5_no_GDP_control.tex", append keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc )  bdec(2) dec(2)  e(model rkf) addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+*Col 4: durable democratization IV
+ivreghdfe durdem (L.mtech =L.ivbaseline) if L.lngdpc!=. , robust  cluster(countryno)  absorb(year durableregime_no)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d5_no_GDP_control.tex", append keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc )  bdec(2) dec(2)  e(model rkf) addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+*Col 5: likelihood of unreversed) democratization OLS
+ivreghdfe lastdem L.mtech  if L.ivbaseline!=. & L.lngdpc!=. , robust cluster(countryno)  absorb(year countryno)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d5_no_GDP_control.tex", append keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc )  bdec(2) dec(2)  e(model rkf) addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+*Col 6: likelihood of unreversed) democratization IV
+ivreghdfe lastdem (L.mtech =L.ivbaseline)  if L.lngdpc!=. , robust cluster(countryno)  absorb(year countryno)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d5_no_GDP_control.tex", append keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc )  bdec(2) dec(2)  e(model rkf) addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+*Col 7: likelihood of democratic reversal OLS
+ivreghdfe demreverse L.mtech if L.ivbaseline!=. & L.lngdpc!=.  , robust cluster(countryno)  absorb(year countryno)
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d5_no_GDP_control.tex", append keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc )  bdec(2) dec(2)  e(model rkf) 
+*Col 8: likelihood of democratic reversal IV
+ivreghdfe demreverse (L.mtech =L.ivbaseline) if L.lngdpc!=.  , robust cluster(countryno)  absorb(year countryno)
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d5_no_GDP_control.tex", append excel keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc )  bdec(2) dec(2)  e(model rkf) 
+restore
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+
+  
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//           TABLE D6: ASSORTED ROBUSTNESS CHECKS
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+preserve
+*inc great powers
+drop if year>2010
+ivreghdfe durdem L.mtech L.lngdpc if L.ivbaseline!=., robust  cluster(country) absorb(year durableregime_no)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d6_assorted_checks.tex", replace keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc )  bdec(2) dec(2) e(model rkf) addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+ivreghdfe durdem (L.mtech=L.ivbaseline) L.lngdpc, robust  cluster(country) absorb(year durableregime_no)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d6_assorted_checks.tex", append keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc )  bdec(2) dec(2) e(model rkf) addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+drop if country=="United Kingdom" | country=="France" | country=="Germany" | country=="United States" | country=="Russian Federation"
+
+*ex A-bomb countrues
+ivreghdfe durdem L.mtech L.lngdpc if L.ivbaseline!=. & country!="Pakistan" & country!="India" & country!="Korea, Democratic People's Republic of" & country!="China" , robust  cluster(country) absorb(year durableregime_no)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d6_assorted_checks.tex", append keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc )  bdec(2) dec(2) e(model rkf) addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+ivreghdfe durdem (L.mtech=L.ivbaseline) L.lngdpc  if country!="Pakistan" & country!="India" & country!="Korea, Democratic People's Republic of" & country!="China" , robust  cluster(country) absorb(year durableregime_no)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d6_assorted_checks.tex", append keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc )  bdec(2) dec(2) e(model rkf) addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+
+*control for military expenditures
+ivreghdfe durdem L.mtech L.lngdpc L.lnmilex if L.ivbaseline!=., robust  cluster(country) absorb(year durableregime_no)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d6_assorted_checks.tex", append keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc L.lnmilex )  bdec(2) dec(2) e(model rkf) addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+ivreghdfe durdem (L.mtech=L.ivbaseline) L.lngdpc L.lnmilex, robust  cluster(country) absorb(year durableregime_no)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d6_assorted_checks.tex", append excel keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc L.lnmilex )  bdec(2) dec(2) e(model rkf) addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+
+restore
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//           TABLE D7: WARFARE
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+preserve
+drop if country=="United Kingdom" | country=="France" | country=="Germany" | country=="United States" | country=="Russian Federation"
+drop if year>2010
+drop if interstatewar==. | milper_pop==. // balance sample
+
+ivreghdfe durdem (L.mtech=L.ivbaseline) L.lngdpc ,  robust  cluster(country) absorb(year durableregime_no)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d7_war.tex", replace keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc L.interstatewar  )  bdec(2) dec(2)  e(model rkf) addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+ivreghdfe durdem (L.mtech=L.ivbaseline) L.lngdpc L.interstatewar,  robust  cluster(country) absorb(year durableregime_no)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d7_war.tex", append keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc L.interstatewar  )  bdec(2) dec(2)  e(model rkf) addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+ivreghdfe durdem (L.mtech=L.ivbaseline) L.lngdpc L.interstatewar interstatewar,  robust  cluster(country) absorb(year durableregime_no)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d7_war.tex", append keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc L.interstatewar interstatewar )  bdec(2) dec(2)  e(model rkf) addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+
+ivreghdfe durdem (L.mtech=L.ivbaseline) L.lngdpc   L.mildispute mildispute,  robust  cluster(country) absorb(year durableregime_no)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d7_war.tex", append keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc interstatewar mildispute L.mildispute L.interstatewar)  bdec(2) dec(2)  e(model rkf) addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+ivreghdfe durdem (L.mtech=L.ivbaseline) L.lngdpc L.milper_pop ,  robust  cluster(country) absorb(year durableregime_no)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d7_war.tex", append keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc  L.milper_pop )  bdec(2) dec(2)  e(model rkf) addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+
+ivreghdfe durdem (L.mtech=L.ivbaseline) L.lngdpc  L.interstatewar interstatewar L.mildispute mildispute L.milper_pop ,  robust  cluster(country) absorb(year durableregime_no)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d7_war.tex", append keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc L.interstatewar interstatewar L.mildispute mildispute L.milper_pop  )  bdec(2) dec(2)  e(model rkf) addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+
+*ols*
+ivreghdfe durdem L.mtech L.lngdpc  L.interstatewar interstatewar L.mildispute mildispute L.milper_pop if L.ivbaseline!=.,  robust  cluster(country) absorb(year durableregime_no)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d7_war.tex", append excel keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc  L.interstatewar interstatewar L.mildispute mildispute L.milper_pop )  bdec(2) dec(2)  e(model rkf) addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+
+restore
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//        TABLE D8: INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS IN THE POSTWAR PERIOD
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+preserve
+drop if country=="United Kingdom" | country=="France" | country=="Germany" | country=="United States" | country=="Russian Federation"
+drop if year>2010
+drop if year<1945
+
+gen tivdum_fuk=tivdum_france+ tivdum_uk
+
+replace us_rus_agree_diff=0 if us_rus_agree_diff==.
+replace tivdum_us=0 if tivdum_us==.
+replace tivdum_russia=0 if tivdum_russia==.
+replace tivdum_fuk=0 if tivdum_fuk==.
+replace lnaid=0 if lnaid==.
+
+replace durdem=. if L.lntrade==.
+
+*Col 1: Baseline during Postwar
+ivreghdfe durdem (L.mtech=L.ivbaseline)  L.lngdpc, robust cluster(country)  absorb(year durableregime_no)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d8_ir.tex", replace keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc L.ally_USA L.ally_Russia)  bdec(2) dec(2)  e(model rkf) addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+*Col 2: Arms deliveries from USA or USSR/Russia 
+ivreghdfe durdem (L.mtech=L.ivbaseline)  L.lngdpc L.tivdum_us L.tivdum_russia L.tivdum_fuk, robust cluster(country)  absorb(year durableregime_no)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d8_ir.tex", append keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc L.tivdum_us L.tivdum_russia L.tivdum_fuk)  bdec(2) dec(2)  e(model rkf) addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+*Col 3: Alliances with USA /USSR
+ivreghdfe durdem (L.mtech=L.ivbaseline)  L.lngdpc L.ally_USA L.ally_Russia, robust cluster(country)  absorb(year durableregime_no)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d8_ir.tex", append keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc L.ally_USA L.ally_Russia)  bdec(2) dec(2)  e(model rkf) addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+*Col 4: UN agreement with USA or USSR/Russia
+ivreghdfe durdem (L.mtech=L.ivbaseline)  L.lngdpc L.us_rus_agree_diff, robust cluster(country)  absorb(year durableregime_no)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d8_ir.tex", append keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc L.us_rus_agree_diff)  bdec(2) dec(2)  e(model rkf) addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+*Col 5: Aid (DAC) and trade
+ivreghdfe durdem (L.mtech=L.ivbaseline)  L.lngdpc L.lnaid L.lntrade , robust cluster(country)  absorb(year durableregime_no)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d8_ir.tex", append keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc L.lnaid L.lntrade)  bdec(2) dec(2)  e(model rkf) addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+*Col 6: All
+ivreghdfe durdem (L.mtech=L.ivbaseline)  L.lngdpc L.ally_USA L.ally_Russia L.us_rus_agree_diff L.tivdum_us L.tivdum_russia L.tivdum_fuk L.lnaid L.lntrade , robust cluster(country)  absorb(year durableregime_no)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d8_ir.tex", append keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc L.ally_USA L.ally_Russia L.us_rus_agree_diff L.tivdum_us L.tivdum_russia L.tivdum_fuk L.lnaid L.lntrade)  bdec(2) dec(2)  e(model rkf) addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+*Col 7: OLS
+ivreghdfe durdem L.mtech  L.lngdpc L.ally_USA L.ally_Russia L.us_rus_agree_diff L.tivdum_us L.tivdum_russia L.tivdum_fuk L.lnaid L.lntrade if L.ivbaseline!=., robust cluster(country)  absorb(year durableregime_no)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d8_ir.tex", append excel keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc L.ally_USA L.ally_Russia L.us_rus_agree_diff L.tivdum_us L.tivdum_russia L.tivdum_fuk L.lnaid L.lntrade)  bdec(2) dec(2)  e(model rkf) addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+restore
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//       TABLE D9: INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS IN THE POSTWAR PERIOD, NEIGHBORS
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+preserve
+drop if country=="United Kingdom" | country=="France" | country=="Germany" | country=="United States" | country=="Russian Federation"
+drop if year>2010
+drop if year<1945
+replace n1_lnaid=0 if n1_lnaid==.
+gen n1_tivdum_fuk=n1_tivdum_france + n1_tivdum_uk
+
+gen n1_agree_diff=n1_agree_USA_avg-n1_agree_Russia_avg
+
+replace n1_agree_diff=0 if n1_agree_diff==.
+replace n1_tivdum_us=0 if n1_tivdum_us==.
+replace n1_tivdum_russia=0 if n1_tivdum_russia==.
+replace n1_tivdum_fuk=0 if n1_tivdum_fuk==.
+replace n1_lnaid=0 if n1_lnaid==.
+replace n1_lntrade=0 if n1_lntrade==.
+
+replace durdem=. if L.lntrade==.
+
+ivreghdfe durdem (L.mtech=L.ivbaseline) L.lngdpc , robust  cluster(country) absorb(year durableregime_no)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d9_ir_neighbors.tex", replace keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc )  bdec(2) dec(2) e(model rkf) addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+ivreghdfe durdem (L.mtech=L.ivbaseline) L.lngdpc n1_tivdum_us n1_tivdum_russia n1_tivdum_fuk , robust  cluster(country) absorb(year durableregime_no)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d9_ir_neighbors.tex", append keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc  n1_tivdum_us n1_tivdum_russia n1_tivdum_fuk)  bdec(2) dec(2) e(model rkf) addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+ivreghdfe durdem (L.mtech=L.ivbaseline) L.lngdpc n1_ally_USA n1_ally_Russia , robust  cluster(country) absorb(year durableregime_no)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d9_ir_neighbors.tex", append keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc n1_ally_USA n1_ally_Russia)  bdec(2) dec(2) e(model rkf) addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+ivreghdfe durdem (L.mtech=L.ivbaseline) L.lngdpc n1_agree_diff , robust  cluster(country) absorb(year durableregime_no)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d9_ir_neighbors.tex", append keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc n1_agree_diff)  bdec(2) dec(2) e(model rkf) addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+
+ivreghdfe durdem (L.mtech=L.ivbaseline) L.lngdpc n1_lntrade n1_lnaid , robust  cluster(country) absorb(year durableregime_no)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d9_ir_neighbors.tex", append  keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc n1_lntrade n1_lnaid)  bdec(2) dec(2) e(model rkf) addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+ivreghdfe durdem (L.mtech=L.ivbaseline) L.lngdpc n1_tivdum_us n1_tivdum_russia n1_tivdum_fuk n1_tivdum_fuk n1_ally_USA n1_ally_Russia n1_agree_diff n1_lntrade n1_lnaid if year>=1945, robust  cluster(country) absorb(year durableregime_no)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d9_ir_neighbors.tex", append  keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc n1_tivdum_us n1_tivdum_russia n1_tivdum_fuk n1_ally_USA n1_ally_Russia n1_agree_diff n1_lntrade n1_lnaid)  bdec(2) dec(2) e(model rkf) addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+ivreghdfe durdem L.mtech L.lngdpc n1_tivdum_us n1_tivdum_russia n1_tivdum_fuk n1_ally_USA n1_ally_Russia n1_agree_diff n1_lntrade n1_lnaid if  L.ivbaseline!=., robust  cluster(country) absorb(year durableregime_no)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d9_ir_neighbors.tex", append excel keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc  n1_tivdum_us n1_tivdum_russia n1_tivdum_fuk n1_ally_USA n1_ally_Russia  n1_agree_diff n1_lntrade n1_lnaid)  bdec(2) dec(2) e(model rkf) addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+restore
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//           TABLE D10: REGIONAL HETEROGENEITY
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+preserve
+drop if country=="United Kingdom" | country=="France" | country=="Germany" | country=="United States" | country=="Russian Federation"
+drop if year>2010
+
+ivreghdfe durdem L.mtech L.lngdpc if continent!="Africa" & L.ivbaseline!=.,  robust  cluster(countryno) absorb(year durableregime_no)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d10_continents.tex", replace keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc )  bdec(2) dec(2)  e(model rkf) addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+ivreghdfe durdem (L.mtech=L.ivbaseline) L.lngdpc if continent!="Africa" & L.ivbaseline!=.,  robust  cluster(countryno) absorb(year durableregime_no) first
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d10_continents.tex", append keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc )  bdec(2) dec(2)  e(model rkf arfp) addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+
+ivreghdfe durdem L.mtech L.lngdpc   if continent!="Americas" & L.ivbaseline!=.,  robust  cluster(countryno) absorb(year durableregime_no)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d10_continents.tex", append keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc  )  bdec(2) dec(2) e(model rkf) addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+ivreghdfe durdem (L.mtech=L.ivbaseline) L.lngdpc  if continent!="Americas"  & L.ivbaseline!=.,  robust  cluster(countryno) absorb(year durableregime_no) first
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d10_continents.tex", append keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc  )  bdec(2) dec(2) e(model rkf arfp) addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+
+ivreghdfe durdem L.mtech L.lngdpc    if continent!="Asia and Oceania" & L.ivbaseline!=.,  robust  cluster(countryno) absorb(year durableregime_no)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d10_continents.tex", append keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc  )  bdec(2) dec(2) e(model rkf) addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+ivreghdfe durdem (L.mtech=L.ivbaseline) L.lngdpc    if continent!="Asia and Oceania" & L.ivbaseline!=.,  robust  cluster(countryno) absorb(year durableregime_no) first
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d10_continents.tex", append keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc  )  bdec(2) dec(2) e(model rkf arfp) addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+
+ivreghdfe durdem L.mtech L.lngdpc   if continent!="Europe" & L.ivbaseline!=.,  robust  cluster(countryno) absorb(year durableregime_no)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d10_continents.tex", append keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc  )  bdec(2) dec(2) e(model rkf) addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+ivreghdfe durdem (L.mtech=L.ivbaseline) L.lngdpc   if continent!="Europe" & L.ivbaseline!=.,  robust  cluster(countryno) absorb(year durableregime_no) first
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d10_continents.tex", append  keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc  )  bdec(2) dec(2) e(model rkf arfp) addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+
+egen contno=group(continent)
+gen decade_fe=floor(year/10)
+
+ivreghdfe durdem L.mtech  L.lngdpc  if L.ivbaseline!=., robust cluster(country)  absorb(decade_fe##contno durableregime_no year) first
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d10_continents.tex", append keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc)  bdec(2) dec(2) e(model rkf) addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+ivreghdfe durdem (L.mtech=L.ivbaseline)  L.lngdpc , robust cluster(country)  absorb(decade_fe##contno durableregime_no year) first
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d10_continents.tex", append excel keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc)  bdec(2) dec(2) e(model rkf arfp) addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+
+restore
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+
+
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//           TABLE D11: ALTERNATIVE INSTRUMENTS
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+preserve
+drop if country=="United Kingdom" | country=="France" | country=="Germany" | country=="United States" | country=="Russian Federation"
+drop if year>2010
+
+*Col 1: Including neighbors
+ivreghdfe durdem (L.mtech=L.mtech_iv_n1)  L.lngdpc , robust cluster(countryno)  absorb(year durableregime_no)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d11_alt_instruments.tex", replace keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc  )  bdec(2) dec(2)  e(model rkf) addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+
+*Col 2: ex neighbors 500 km apart
+ivreghdfe durdem (L.mtech=L.mtech_iv_n2_500)   L.lngdpc , robust cluster(countryno)  absorb(year durableregime_no)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d11_alt_instruments.tex", append keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc  )  bdec(2) dec(2)  e(model rkf) addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+
+*Col 3: ex neighbors 750 km apart
+ivreghdfe durdem (L.mtech=L.mtech_iv_n2_750)   L.lngdpc , robust cluster(countryno)  absorb(year durableregime_no)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d11_alt_instruments.tex", append keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc  )  bdec(2) dec(2)  e(model rkf) addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+
+*Col 4: ex neighbors 1000 km apart
+ivreghdfe durdem (L.mtech=L.mtech_iv_n2_1000)   L.lngdpc , robust cluster(countryno)  absorb(year durableregime_no)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d11_alt_instruments.tex", append keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc  )  bdec(2) dec(2)  e(model rkf) addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+
+*Col 5: Population weight in IV  
+ivreghdfe durdem (L.mtech=L.mtech_iv_n2_pop)   L.lngdpc , robust cluster(countryno)  absorb(year durableregime_no)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d11_alt_instruments.tex", append  keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc  )  bdec(2) dec(2)  e(model rkf) addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+
+*Col 6: Acemoglu et al style IV  
+ivreghdfe durdem (L.mtech =L.mtech_iv_ANRR)  L.lngdpc  , robust  cluster(country)  absorb(year durableregime_no)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d11_alt_instruments.tex", append excel keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc  )  bdec(2) dec(2)  e(model rkf) addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+
+restore
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//           TABLE D12: ROBUSTNESS TO INTERNATIONAL DIFFUSION OF DEMOCRACY
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+preserve
+drop if country=="United Kingdom" | country=="France" | country=="Germany" | country=="United States" | country=="Russian Federation"
+drop if year>2010
+
+ivreghdfe durdem (L.mtech=L.ivbaseline) L.lngdpc n1_democracy_avg n2_democracy_avg , robust cluster(country)  absorb(year durableregime_no)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d12_democratic_diffusion.tex", replace keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc n1_democracy_avg n2_democracy_avg  )  bdec(2) dec(2)  e(model rkf) addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')  
+
+ivreghdfe durdem (L.mtech=L.ivbaseline) L.lngdpc distw1_democracy, robust cluster(country)  absorb(year durableregime_no)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d12_democratic_diffusion.tex", append keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc n1_democracy_avg n2_democracy_avg distw1_democracy )  bdec(2) dec(2)  e(model rkf) addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')  
+
+ivreghdfe durdem (L.mtech=L.ivbaseline) L.lngdpc distw1_democratization, robust cluster(country)  absorb(year durableregime_no)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d12_democratic_diffusion.tex", append keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc n1_democracy_avg n2_democracy_avg distw1_democracy distw1_democratization)  bdec(2) dec(2)  e(model rkf) addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')  
+
+ivreghdfe durdem (L.mtech=L.ivbaseline) L.lngdpc n1_democracy_avg n2_democracy_avg distw1_democracy distw1_democratization, robust cluster(country)  absorb(year durableregime_no)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d12_democratic_diffusion.tex", append keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc n1_democracy_avg n2_democracy_avg distw1_democracy distw1_democratization)  bdec(2) dec(2)  e(model rkf) addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')  
+
+ivreghdfe durdem L.mtech L.lngdpc n1_democracy_avg n2_democracy_avg distw1_democracy distw1_democratization if L.ivbaseline!=., robust cluster(country)  absorb(year durableregime_no)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d12_democratic_diffusion.tex", append keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc n1_democracy_avg n2_democracy_avg distw1_democracy distw1_democratization)  bdec(2) dec(2)  e(model rkf) addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits') 
+
+
+ivreghdfe durdem (L.mtech=L.ivbaseline) L.lngdpc n1_auto_resistance_3y n2_auto_resistance_3y if year>=1945  & year<=2006 , robust  cluster(country) absorb(year durableregime_no)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d12_democratic_diffusion.tex", append keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc  n1_democracy_avg n2_democracy_avg distw1_democracy distw1_democratization n1_auto_resistance_3y n2_auto_resistance_3y)  bdec(2) dec(2) e(model rkf) addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+
+ivreghdfe durdem (L.mtech=L.ivbaseline) L.lngdpc  n1_democracy_avg n2_democracy_avg distw1_democracy distw1_democratization n1_auto_resistance_3y n2_auto_resistance_3y if year>=1945  & year<=2006, robust  cluster(country) absorb(year durableregime_no)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d12_democratic_diffusion.tex", append keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc  n1_democracy_avg n2_democracy_avg distw1_democracy distw1_democratization n1_auto_resistance_3y n2_auto_resistance_3y)  bdec(2) dec(2) e(model rkf) addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+
+ivreghdfe durdem L.mtech L.lngdpc   n1_democracy_avg n2_democracy_avg distw1_democracy distw1_democratization n1_auto_resistance_3y n2_auto_resistance_3y if year>=1945  & year<=2006 & L.ivbaseline!=., robust  cluster(country) absorb(year durableregime_no)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d12_democratic_diffusion.tex", append excel keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc  n1_democracy_avg n2_democracy_avg distw1_democracy distw1_democratization n1_auto_resistance_3y n2_auto_resistance_3y)  bdec(2) dec(2) e(model rkf) addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+
+restore
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//           TABLE D13: ROBUSTNESS TO OTHER INTERNATIONAL SPILL-OVERS
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+preserve
+drop if country=="United Kingdom" | country=="France" | country=="Germany" | country=="United States" | country=="Russian Federation"
+drop if year>2010
+
+ivreghdfe durdem (L.mtech=L.ivbaseline) L.lngdpc n1_lngdp n2_lngdp, robust  cluster(country) absorb(year durableregime_no)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d13_other_intl_diffusion.tex", replace keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc n1_lngdp n2_lngdp)  bdec(2) dec(2) e(model rkf) addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+ivreghdfe durdem (L.mtech=L.ivbaseline) L.lngdpc n1_interstatewar_3y n2_interstatewar_3y, robust  cluster(country) absorb(year durableregime_no)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d13_other_intl_diffusion.tex", append keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc  n1_interstatewar_3y  n2_interstatewar_3y )  bdec(2) dec(2) e(model rkf) addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+ivreghdfe durdem (L.mtech=L.ivbaseline) L.lngdpc n1_civilwar_3y  n2_civilwar_3y , robust  cluster(country) absorb(year durableregime_no)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d13_other_intl_diffusion.tex", append keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc  n1_civilwar_3y  n2_civilwar_3y)  bdec(2) dec(2) e(model rkf) addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+
+ivreghdfe durdem (L.mtech=L.ivbaseline) L.lngdpc distw1_lngdp distw1_interstatewar distw1_civilwar, robust  cluster(country) absorb(year durableregime_no)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d13_other_intl_diffusion.tex", append keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc distw1_lngdp distw1_interstatewar distw1_civilwar)  bdec(2) dec(2) e(model rkf) addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+
+ivreghdfe durdem (L.mtech=L.ivbaseline) L.lngdpc n1_lngdp n2_lngdp n1_interstatewar_3y n2_interstatewar_3y  n1_civilwar_3y n2_civilwar_3y distw1_lngdp distw1_interstatewar distw1_civilwar , robust  cluster(country) absorb(year durableregime_no)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d13_other_intl_diffusion.tex", append keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc n1_lngdp n2_lngdp n1_interstatewar_3y n2_interstatewar_3y  n1_civilwar_3y n2_civilwar_3y distw1_lngdp distw1_interstatewar distw1_civilwar )  bdec(2) dec(2) e(model rkf) addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+
+ivreghdfe durdem L.mtech L.lngdpc n1_lngdp n2_lngdp n1_interstatewar_3y n2_interstatewar_3y  n1_civilwar_3y n2_civilwar_3y distw1_lngdp distw1_interstatewar distw1_civilwar  if  L.ivbaseline!=., robust  cluster(country) absorb(year durableregime_no)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d13_other_intl_diffusion.tex", append excel keep(L.mtech L.lngdpc n1_lngdp n2_lngdp n1_interstatewar_3y n2_interstatewar_3y  n1_civilwar_3y n2_civilwar_3y distw1_lngdp distw1_interstatewar distw1_civilwar )  bdec(2) dec(2) e(model rkf) addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')
+
+restore
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//           TABLE D14: REDUCED FORM ESTIMATES
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+preserve
+
+drop if country=="United Kingdom" | country=="France" | country=="Germany" | country=="United States" | country=="Russian Federation"
+drop if year>2010
+
+*Col 1: baseline
+ivreghdfe durdem L.ivbaseline L.lngdpc if L.mtech!=., robust cluster(country)  absorb(year durableregime_no)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d14_reduced_form.tex", replace keep(L.ivbaseline L.lngdpc  )  bdec(2) dec(2)  e(model rkf) addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits') 
+*Col 2: democratization among neighbors
+ivreghdfe durdem L.ivbaseline L.lngdpc n1_democratization_3y n2_democratization_3y if L.mtech!=., robust cluster(country)  absorb(year durableregime_no)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d14_reduced_form.tex", append keep(L.ivbaseline L.lngdpc n1_democratization_3y n2_democratization_3y )  bdec(2) dec(2)  e(model rkf) addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')  
+*Col 3: democracy in region (Acemoglu et al)
+ivreghdfe durdem L.ivbaseline L.lngdpc democracy_iv_ANRR if L.mtech!=., robust cluster(country)  absorb(year durableregime_no)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d14_reduced_form.tex", append keep(L.ivbaseline L.lngdpc  democracy_iv_ANRR)  bdec(2) dec(2)  e(model rkf) addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')  
+*Col 4: distance-weighted democracy in autocratix peers
+ivreghdfe durdem L.ivbaseline L.lngdpc democracy_iv_ANRR_distw if L.mtech!=., robust cluster(country)  absorb(year durableregime_no)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d14_reduced_form.tex", append keep(L.ivbaseline L.lngdpc democracy_iv_ANRR_distw )  bdec(2) dec(2)  e(model rkf) addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')  
+*Col 5:  combined
+ivreghdfe durdem L.ivbaseline L.lngdpc n1_democratization_3y n2_democratization_3y   democracy_iv_ANRR democracy_iv_ANRR_distw if L.mtech!=., robust cluster(country)  absorb(year durableregime_no)
+local xunits=e(dof_table)[2,1]
+outreg2 using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d14_reduced_form.tex", append excel keep(L.ivbaseline L.lngdpc L.lngdpc n1_democratization_3y n2_democratization_3y  democracy_iv_ANRR democracy_iv_ANRR_distw )  bdec(2) dec(2)  e(model rkf) addstat(Autocracy spells, `xunits')  
+
+restore
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//           TABLE D15: POSTWAR ARMS TRADE SUMMARY STATISTICS
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+preserve
+keep if year==2010
+collapse (sum) tivakk_us tivakk_russia tivakk_france tivakk_uk tivakk_any
+replace tivakk_us=round(tivakk_us/tivakk_any*100,0.1)
+replace tivakk_russia=round(tivakk_russia/tivakk_any*100,0.1)
+replace tivakk_france=round(tivakk_france/tivakk_any*100,0.1)
+replace tivakk_uk=round(tivakk_uk/tivakk_any*100,0.1)
+drop tivakk_any
+sum tivakk* 
+gen panel="Panel A"
+gen buyer="Global"
+rename tivakk_* *
+order panel buyer us russia uk france
+save "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d15_arms_trade.dta", replace
+restore
+
+preserve
+collapse (sum) tivdum* tiv_*, by(region)
+keep *_france *_uk *_us *_russia region
+
+local countries "us russia uk france"
+foreach x of local countries {
+egen tiv_`x'_sum=sum(tiv_`x')
+replace tiv_`x'=round(tiv_`x'/tiv_`x'_sum*100,0.1)
+egen tivdum_`x'_sum=sum(tivdum_`x')
+replace tivdum_`x'=round(tivdum_`x'/tivdum_`x'_sum*100,0.1)
+
+rename tivdum_`x' deal_`x'
+}
+
+drop *_sum
+
+rename deal_* *1
+rename tiv_* *2
+
+reshape long us russia uk france, i(region) j(panel) string
+
+replace panel="Panel B" if panel=="1"
+replace panel="Panel C" if panel=="2"
+
+rename region buyer
+drop if buyer==""
+order panel buyer us russia uk france
+
+append using "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d15_arms_trade.dta"
+sort panel buyer
+save "jtg_tables/appendix/tab_d15_arms_trade.dta", replace
+restore
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+

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