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author: Paul Clayton
published: 1 July 2004
publisher: St. Martin's Press
genre(s): historical, military
buy/shelve it: Amazon | B&N | BookHype | StoryGraph | Goodreads
The year is 1968. Like thousands of other American boys, Carl Melcher is drafted and sent to Vietnam. His new company is infected with the same racial tensions plaguing the nation. Despite that, Carl makes friends on both sides of the color line. The war, like a tiger lurking in the bushes, picks off its victims one by one. Naively over-optimistic, Carl believes that karma and good intentions will save him and his friends. Then fate intervenes to teach Carl something of the meaning of life, and death.
I have read a lot of Vietnam War-era fiction, many by war veterans, and Carl Melcher Goes to Vietnam is by far one of my favorites. Admittedly, there was probably an extra level of enjoyment on my part because of the fact that I spent almost 14 years as an active duty Army soldier myself. There was something very human about this novel, something that made it more realistic than many of the novels I have read set in this era.
The novel is written in the first person from the point of view of the title character, Carl Melcher, a naive 18 year old drafted into the Army and the Infantry. In his telling of the story, there was a lot of explanation of basic terms (like “Charley” and “R&R”) that most of us already know the meaning of, but that just added to the youth of Carl. Personally, I think Melcher is an accurate representation of the average soldier in Vietnam, as in other wars. He’s a young kid, drafted into the war, and largely naive as to what that means. He spends most of his ToD in places that don’t put him in imminent danger, leaving him bored and doing many of the countless details that are a part of a deployment. But over it all is the constant threat and fear of what could happen next. Over the course of the novel, Melcher changes as he goes through love and loss. Because of the subject matter, it may not be the book for everyone. It isn’t a happy book, but it isn’t all sad, either. I personally loved it, although it almost feels wrong to “love” a book about war. But I couldn’t put it down, completely engrossed and involved with the story and the characters. I recognize that the fact that I am an Army vet, married to a deployed soldier, may have heightened the experience for me, but even aside from that, this was an excellent book. | <urn:uuid:0e773493-b039-4dd4-b2af-c56f9e12d752> | {
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I am a person, not a brand.
Brands need to always be perfect, always presenting the best of what they have to offer. Focused on delivering a message what ever it might be.
A person, is a sack of meat and bones with emotions. We aren’t perfect, we don’t always have one message or goal. We are conflicted with what we think we should do and what we desire to do.
A good brand is something you can glance at and know its meanings and motivations. A good person can be having a bad day and be totally out of it.
I think social media and the way we use it has changed the way we look at each other. We have to now deliver the brand of Joel, not the person. I have to show off my smiles and my accomplishments and pretend that I don’t have any failures or faults.
It has become a place for self promotion instead of self reflect. I may have 616 Facebook friends and 444 followers on Twitter. But in real life I have the love of my life my wife, one close friend and then a handful of people that I can barely call friends at this point. People that used to mean a great deal to me have moved on and become distant. That is partially my fault, I now plan out things in advance to make sure I can keep up with my training and work. I no longer have the ability to be spontaneous and just go down to the bar or burger joint. I am sure I have said no 99 times out of 100 to going out and doing something irresponsible and fun.
But I have chosen to take on these adventures, to better myself and see what the limits of my body are. A few years ago someone that was very close to me previously asked me to stop sharing so much on social media about my training and activities because they didn’t want to see it so much. So I stopped. I probably shouldn’t have but if you know me, I will go out of my way to make sure other people are happy.
To get back to the original topic. I want to present my best to people and show them that I am amazing, but really I am a human just like you. Maybe even worse, I have a little bit of lizard in me. We have faults, rough spots, hard edges and the occasional jerkiness. Some more than others.
I guess I am writing this to say, “Hi sometimes I am fragile, sometimes I am weak, sometimes I need to not be on full blast. And I understand sometimes you need the same. If you are ever having one of those days where you just don’t feel right, its OK. It really is. We aren’t robots and we aren’t jelly fish. We are human.” | <urn:uuid:75d7c0d2-fcc3-478b-a0ea-0be697dccc61> | {
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Most people recognize that, when an individual gets behind the wheel while intoxicated and is involved in an accident, the outcome is big trouble. However, there is less conversation about the impact intoxication has on a passenger in the vehicle at the time of the collision, if any. While every situation is different, for any accident victim who has found themselves in this type of situation, there are important factors to keep in mind.
The Law is the Law
If you were hurt as a passenger and you were intoxicated at the time of the accident, do not let anyone tell you that you cannot file a claim. The law is clear that it is illegal to operate a vehicle while intoxicated. It is not illegal to ride in a vehicle while intoxicated.
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Insurance Companies Use Angles
It is clear that being an intoxicated passenger is not against the law, but it does not mean that the insurance company might not try to use this against you. Insurance companies often handle cases with the goal of reducing the value of the claim to as small an amount as possible.
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To learn more, contact a car accident attorney. | <urn:uuid:8a7ab2be-c786-425e-8e5f-9bcae6758ee2> | {
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Adversarial Learning with Multiscale Features and Kernel Factorization for Retinal Blood Vessel Segmentation
In this paper, we propose an efficient blood vessel segmentation method for the eye fundus images using adversarial learning with multiscale features and kernel factorization. In the generator network of the adversarial framework, spatial pyramid pooling, kernel factorization and squeeze excitation block are employed to enhance the feature representation in spatial domain on different scales with reduced computational complexity. In turn, the discriminator network of the adversarial framework is formulated by combining convolutional layers with an additional squeeze excitation block to differentiate the generated segmentation mask from its respective ground truth. Before feeding the images to the network, we pre-processed them by using edge sharpening and Gaussian regularization to reach an optimized solution for vessel segmentation. The output of the trained model is post-processed using morphological operations to remove the small speckles of noise. The proposed method qualitatively and quantitatively outperforms state-of-the-art vessel segmentation methods using DRIVE and STARE datasets.
READ FULL TEXT | <urn:uuid:acb4ee1a-1923-42f2-9713-523a8fae9ff2> | {
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Photographs of Yonkers branch members of U.S.V.L.S.C. members aboard their boats, at their station, training, and attending awards ceremonies.…
Contributors: United States Volunteer Life Saving Corps
View the items in United States Volunteer Life Saving Corps (U.S.V.L.S.C.)
Photographs of the 60th Anniversary of the opening of the Will Library. This celebration was held on November 16, 2022..
View the items in 60th Anniversary Celebration of the Will Library
Materials related to the remembrance of Yonkers residents who passed away on 9/11, during the War on Terror, and as a result of working at Ground…
View the items in 9/11 Remembrance
Oral history interviews with the African American community for the Yonkers Public Library African American Oral History Project. There are…
View the items in African American Oral History Project
An oral history interview along with various materials relating to calendar reform.
View the items in Andy Hudak Calendar Reform Collection
A collection of material on the Assyrian American community in Yonkers and their history. This includes the Assyrian American cookbook, a photo essay,…
View the items in Assyrian American Collection
View the items in Azim Thomas Photography Collection
Photographs relating to the Carnegie Library.
View the items in Carnegie Library
Images captured of the Grinton I. Will Library being built.
View the items in Construction of the Grinton I. Will Library
Materials relating to the Coyne Park Branch of the Yonkers Public Library.
View the items in Coyne Park Branch | <urn:uuid:ee94f0e3-f19e-4bdb-8670-2ab6d8eb7ddc> | {
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Krista Allen 2020 Horoscope
Krista Allen's Career horoscope
Krista Allen should find jobs which involve Krista Allen with groups of people and where there is no pressure to meet commitments and responsibilities on a commercial level. Krista Allen would find success in a career which would help people, such as group leadership.
Krista Allen's Occupation horoscope
Krista Allen's desire for benefiting mankind and alleviating suffering will find ample scope in the medical profession or in nursing (if Krista Allen is a woman). In either of these, Krista Allen would be able to live up to Krista Allen's ambitions and do really good and useful work in the world. Failing the possibility of entering these professions, there are still opportunities that will agree with Krista Allen's temperament. As a teacher, Krista Allen could perform really excellent service. Krista Allen would fulfill the duties of a manager of supervisor of a large staff with courage and kindness, and people would submit to Krista Allen's orders willingly, knowing that they could always count on Krista Allen as a friend. In quite another field Krista Allen may safely rely on earning a good living. It is in the literary and artistic expression, and these single Krista Allen out for an author's life. Krista Allen can become an excellent actor also whether for T.V. or for films. If Krista Allen take up this kind of profession, it would not be surprising that Krista Allen would spend Krista Allen's time and money in furthering some humanitarian work.
Krista Allen's Finance horoscope
In matter of finance, Krista Allen need have nothing to fear. Great opportunities will come across Krista Allen's path. Out of nothing Krista Allen could create much, Krista Allen's only danger being that of undermining Krista Allen's resources by going in for large schemes of a speculative nature. Krista Allen will be a puzzle to Krista Allen's friends as well as to yourself in question of finance. Krista Allen will employ money, Krista Allen make in odd and unusual ways. As a general rule, Krista Allen will be lucky in making money and in the accumulation of possessions, especially in connection with land, houses or estate property business if Krista Allen make up Krista Allen's mind to go in for such things. | <urn:uuid:d6f59303-222a-4be1-aad6-a9bd3a305c0a> | {
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Rather than using the popular metric approach, characterization of chaotic attractors is obtained using the topological approach (first-return map to Poincaré section, template or knot-holder, symbolic dynamics, etc.). A particular attention is paid to symmetry properties.
Another issue also deeply investigated concerns global modelling techniques from experimental data. The aim is to obtain a set of differential or difference equations from a recorded time series. In particular, the influence of the choice of the observable is studied. Thus, it has been shown that some variable (a physical quantity) provides a representation of the dynamics which is better than another variable. All of these techniques have been applied to many different experimental systems conducted by collaborators (electrodissolution, jet atomisation, plasma, combustion in car engines, hydrodynamical systems, pulsating stars, sunsport numbers, ...). | <urn:uuid:a8cf7d60-f43f-41ee-af7c-a4a0f7a54061> | {
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Çünkü en iyi bildiğimiz işi yapıyor, öğrenmeye ve öğrenileni kullanabilmeye dayalı eğitim sistemimizle sadece İngilizce öğretiyoruz.
Alanında uzman Türk ve Yabancı öğretmenler eşliğinde sadece İngilizce Eğitimi veren British Time Öğrenme Garantili özel eğitim sistemi ile öğrencilerini dünyanın her yerinde sınırları olmayan daha özgür ve keyifli bir yaşam ile tanıştırmaktadır.
Başarı durumunun sürekli takip edilmesi vakitten kazanılması açısından da önemli olabildiğinden; Öğretim süreci boyunca sıkça sınav uygulamaları yapılmakta, olası bir başarısızlık karşısında öğrenciye bu başarısızlığın sebeplerine uygun alternatif çözümlerle yol gösterilmektedir.
Öğrenme Garantili İngilizce Eğitimi Ve kısa bir süre için %45 indirimli British Time'da Öğrenme Garantili Eğitim Sistemiyle İngilizce'yi konuşacaksınız. Kampanyalı fiyatlardan faydalanmak için hemen online kayıt yaptırın. ...
BRITISH TIME Eğitim Elementary, Pre-Intermediate, İntermediate, Upper intermediate ve Advanced olmak üzere 5 temel seviyeden oluşmaktadır. Genel İngilizce eğitimlerinde her seviye 100 ders saatiyle tamamlanmaktadır. BRITISH TIME da eğitim, görsel ve işitsel olmak üzere (AKILLI TAHTA) çağın gereksinimine uygun teknik donanım ile çeşitli ek materyaller de kullanılmaktadır. Normal ders programları haricinde konuşma kulüpleri, gramer kulüpleri, ile etüt çalışmaları kursiyere ücretsiz olarak sunulmaktadır.
Tüm öğrencilerimize ücretsiz olarak sunulmakta olan konuşma gruplarına (Speaking Club) İngilizce'den uzak kalmak istemeyen ve pratiğini geliştirmek isteyen öğrencilerimiz de katılabilirler. Dersler serbest konuşma şeklinde gerçekleşir ve öğrenciler güncel konular hakkında ve seviyelerine yakın gruplarla pratik yapma imkanı bulurlar. Bu programlar şubelerimiz bünyesinde ve farklı saatlerde yapılmaktadır. Lütfen detaylar için aktivite listemize bakın ya da dersine katılacağınız şubemizle irtibata geçiniz.
Zaman ve süre problemi bulunan ve İngilizce eğitimi alma zorunluluğu bulunan adaylar gelebilecekleri saatte ve yoğunlukta birebir olarak öğretmenlerimizden ders alma şansına sahipler. Özel ders yoluyla alınan eğitim grup eğitiminden yaklaşık %60 oranında daha hızlı ilerleme sağlamaktadır. Özellikle zaman ve süre konusunda sıkıntısı olan adaylara tavsiye etmekteyiz.
Dünya özellikle bilişim teknolojilerinin gelişmesiyle birlikte küçük bir köy ve büyük bir pazar haline hızla dönüşüyor. Bu dönüşümde ortaya çıkan en çarpıcı nokta ortak dilin İngilizce olmasıdır. Bu bakış açısıyla profesyonel şirketler artık en çok geri dönüşüm alabilecekleri alana yani personel eğitimine yatırım yapmaktadırlar. Mesleki gelişimin temelinde İngilizce bilgisi çok öncelikli bir rol oynamaktadır. O kadar ki artık İngilizce bilmek bir yetenek değil vazgeçilmez bir gereksinim olmuştur.
Genel iş İngilizcesi programlarımız kursiyerlerimize ücretsiz olarak sunulmaktadır. Sadece genel iş İngilizcesi eğitimi almak isteyen kursiyerlerimiz de bu programa katılım gösterebilirler Mesleki İngilizce Genel iş İngilizcesi eğitimleri dışında daha çok Şirketlere göre hazırlanmış olan Mesleki İngilizce eğitim programlarımız kurumsal ve toplu taleplere cevap vermek üzere organize edilmiştir. Bu alandaki bireysel talepler birebir şeklinde çözüme kavuşturulmaktadır. Hukuk, Finans, Havacılık, Turizm vb alanlarda iş ingilizcesi eğitimleri vermekteyiz.
Yabancı dil eğitimi küçük yaşta başlarsa çok daha verimli ve kalıcı olur. Bu gerçekten hareketle okul çağlarında başlayan yabancı dil eğitimlerinin başarıya ulaşma oranı çok yüksektir. British Time ilk orta ve lise öğrencilerine özel programlar hazırlanmaktayız. Yaş gruplarına ve seviyelerine göre ayrılmış homojen sınıflarda kolej düzeyinde veya okula takviye şeklinde 2 ayrı program uygulamaktayız. Programlarımızın her biri her dönem için 120 saat olmak üzere toplam 240 saatlik eğitimden oluşmaktadır. Daha detaylı bilgi için lütfen şubelerimizle irtibat kurunuz.
TOEFL başta Amerika ve Kanadada olmak üzere tüm dünyada geniş kapsamlı olarak kullanılan standartlaştırılmış bir testtir. Merkezi New Jersey de bulunan ETS (Educational Testing Service) tarafından hazırlanan sınav ana dili İngilizce olmayan adayların ingilizce yeterlilik seviyelerini ölçmek ve belgelemek için hazırlanmıştır. TOEFL sınav sonucu üniversite kabullerinde, üniversitelerin İngilizce hazırlık bölümlerinin atlanmasında ve iş dünyasında yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır .
IELTS, British Council, University of Cambridge ve International Development Programme of Australian Universities tarafından geliştirilen bir dil sınavıdır. İngiltere, Avusturalya, Kanada, İrlanda, Yeni Zelanda ve Amerika Birleşik Devletleri gibi birçok ülkedeki yükseköğretim kurumları ve Türkiyede bazı üniversitelerin hazırlık sınıflarından muaf olmak için ve bunun yanı sıra bazı kurumlarda çalışanların İngilizce seviyesini ölçmek için kullanılan bir sınavdır. IELTS' in Genel ve Akademik olmak üzere iki farklı sınavı vardır ancak yüksek öğrenim için geçerli olan Akademik IELTS'dir. Kağıt üzerinde (Paper based) yapılan IELTS sınavı dinleme, okuma, yazma ve konuşma olmak üzere 4 bölümden oluşur.
YDS, Yabancı dil tazminatı almak isteyen kamu personelinin, üniversitelerin akademik kadrolarında görev almak isteyen ve YÖK kanalıyla yurtdışında lisansüstü öğrenim görmek isteyen adayların yabancı dil bilgisi seviyesini belirlemek amacıyla yapılan merkezi bir sınavdır. YDS Sınavı Almanca, Arapça, Bulgarca, Farsça, Fransızca, İngilizce, İspanyolca, İtalyanca, Rusça ve Yunancadan yapılacak sınavlarda çoktan seçmeli 80 sorudan oluşan testler kullanılır. Bu diller için sınavda sözcük bilgisi, dil bilgisi, çeviri ve okuduğunu anlama soruları bulunmaktadır. Sınav süresi 150 dakikadır. Her bir soru 1,25 puandır ve yanlış cevaplar doğru cevapları etkilemez.
PTE Academic (Pearson Test of English), dinleme, okuma, konuşma ve yazma olmak üzere dört temel dil becerisinin değerlendirildiği bilgisayar tabanlı güvenli bir İngilizce dil sınavıdır.
Neden PTE Academic?
İngilizce dil yeterliliğini kısa sürede belgelemek, esnek sınav tarihlerinden faydalanmak, 2 yıl boyunca sınırsız sınav sonuç belgesi almak ve diğer faydalarından yararlanmak için PTE Academici tercih edebilirsiniz. PTE Academicin en belirgin avantajları ise;
PTE Academic (Pearson Test of English), dinleme, okuma, konuşma ve yazma olmak üzere dört temel dil becerisinin değerlendirildiği bilgisayar tabanlı güvenli bir İngilizce dil sınavıdır. İngilizce dil yeterliliğini kısa sürede belgelemek, esnek sınav tarihlerinden faydalanmak, 2 yıl boyunca sınırsız sınav sonuç belgesi almak ve diğer faydalarından yararlanmak için PTE Academici tercih edebilirsiniz. PTE Academicin en belirgin avantajları ise;
YDS, Yabancı dil tazminatı almak isteyen kamu personelinin, üniversitelerin akademik kadrolarında görev almak isteyen ve YÖK kanalıyla yurtdışında lisansüstü ögrenim görmek isteyen adayların yabancı dil bilgisi seviyesini belirlemek amacıyla yapılan merkezi bir sınavdır. | <urn:uuid:62c88d87-91ab-4a05-9669-adfd0b279ee0> | {
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be1st Marketing offers an array of services that are a cost-effective way to attract more customers, increase sales and increase brand awareness. When you work with us, you can build your own team of marketers and access the best tools in the industry to get more out of every campaign.
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We offer cost-effective solutions to support businesses keep a consistent presence. | <urn:uuid:71492715-399c-4798-9b7a-5060a6c216f7> | {
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© 2024 Bemobi. All rights reserved.
Omni Engage + Omni Pay
Streamlining the digital customer journey for seamless interactions, effortless payments, and enhanced operational efficiency.
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The privacy of our visitors is of extreme importance to us. Cookies are data records that are sent from the web server to the user’s browser and stored there for later retrieval). No personal data is stored in our own "cookies". You can generally prevent the use of "cookies" if you prohibit the storage of "cookies" in your browser. | <urn:uuid:82ccc551-9206-4805-9f72-6465dbde41cf> | {
"date": "2024-11-06T15:28:46Z",
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Chinese Vice Premier Wang Yang (C), U.S. Secretary of Commerce Penny Pritzker (L) and U.S. Trade Representative Michael Froman pose for a photograph at the 27th Session of the China-U.S. Joint Commission on Commerce and Trade (JCCT) in Washington D.C., capital of the United States, on Nov. 23, 2016. (Xinhua/Yin Bogu)
WASHINGTON, Nov. 23 (Xinhua) -- China and the United States on Wednesday kicked off an annual high-level dialogue to seek more cooperation between the world's two largest economies, aiming to pave the way for a smooth transition of bilateral ties amid the U.S. presidential change.
"Firstly, we have to properly manage the differences, ensuring a smooth transition of China-U.S. economic and trade relations to the next U.S. administration," Chinese Vice Premier Wang Yang said at the opening plenary session of the 27th Session of the China-U.S. Joint Commission on Commerce and Trade (JCCT), the last high-level economic dialogue between the two countries under the Obama administration.
Wang said China will consider reasonable concerns of the United States, and that China also hopes the U.S. will fulfill its obligations under the Article 15 of the Protocol on China's accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO), important provisions regarding China's market economy status in anti-dumping cases.
Secondly, the two sides have to expand areas of cooperation and yield more deliverables in the areas of two-way investment, digital economy and food safety, laying a solid foundation for China-U.S. economic and trade relations over the next year and a longer period, the Chinese vice premier said.
Thirdly, he called on the two sides to further strengthen the outcomes of the JCCT and highlight the JCCT's role in bilateral economic cooperation, showing a new type of China-U.S. major country relations with the principles of non-confrontation, non-conflict, mutual respect and win-win cooperation.
U.S. Secretary of Commerce Penny Pritzker said the JCCT has "focused on areas ripe for collaboration" and promoted more trade and commerce between the two countries over the past three years.
The JCCT has sparked the creation of the China-U.S. Year of Tourism 2016 and facilitated a U.S. trade mission of 12 healthcare companies to Beijing and Chongqing, China, last month, Pritzker said.
U.S. Trade Representative Michael Froman emphasized the need to keep the U.S.-China relations "on an even keel" amid strong headwinds of populism and protectionism around the world.
"Our two governments have less than two months to reinforce and fortify this relationship, so that it can endure through the uncharted waters that lay ahead," Froman said.
The JCCT gives the two sides a concrete opportunity to make progress in economic cooperation and address differences between the two major trade partners, he added.
Launched in 1983, the JCCT was the first high-level economic dialogue mechanism between China and the U.S., and plays an important role in China-U.S. economic cooperation and addressing economic and trade frictions. | <urn:uuid:c4c1ea3e-12ef-47ce-873f-eefe56a95f14> | {
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"language": "en",
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Tüm canlılar ortak bir atadan geliyor. Yaşam çeşitlenip bugüne ulaşırken, bir tür dönüşüp diğer türü oluştururken, daha ilkel formlar kaybolmadı. Onlar da varlıklarını devam ettirdiler. Uyumlu olanlar, yaşam için yeni çözümler buldu ve varlıklarını korudu. Evrim ağacı, bugün yaşamakta olan canlıları simgelemektedir. Uyum sağlayamayan büyük çoğunluğu ise yok oldu. Onlar ağacın kırılan dallarıydı. Ağacın gövde kısmı ve ana dalları çok eski dönemden bugüne varlığını sürdürmekte olan canlıları temsil ederken, en uç dalları ise daha yakın zamanlarda evrilerek ortaya çıkan canlıları temsil ediyor. Temel yaşam kuralı rekabete dayalı olsa da canlılar zamanla birbiri ile denge oluşturdu ve bir uzlaşı içinde varlığını devam ettiriyor. Bugün, en ilkel olanından en organize olanına kadar yerküre üzerinde dağılmış olan, ortak atadan geldiğimiz, bu geniş canlı spektrumunu oluşturan, birçok tür ile yaşamı paylaşmaktayız. Bunlar; memeliler, sürüngenler, balıklar, ilkel çok hücreliler, bakteriler ve virüsler.
Evrimsel geçmişin bu tüm örnekleriyle bir aradayız. Tüm bunlar içinde virüsler çok özel ve farklı bir konumda yer alıyor. Yaşamak için diğer canlılardan istifade ediyorlar. Tam anlamıyla parazit olarak yaşamaktalar. Nasıl memeliler yerkürenin farklı farklı coğrafyalarına uyum sağlayacak şekilde bir evrimsel dönüşüm geçirdilerse, virüsler de üzerlerinde yaşadıkları konakçılara uyum sağlayacak şekilde evriliyorlar. Canlıların hücrelerine girerek kendi çoğalmalarını sağlayan mekanizmaları kullanıp çoğalıyorlar. Tıpkı bir fabrikayı ele geçirip zorla oranın ürün bandını silah yoluyla illegal olarak çalıştırmaya benziyor virüslerin yaptıkları. Sonra hücreyi öldürüyorlar. Ortaya çıkan çok sayıda yeni virüs bu kez civardaki hücrelere saldırıyor. Her canlıya göre çeşitlenmiş, inanılmaz çeşitlilik ve sayıda virüs var. Virüsler, canlı tanımına da tam uymayan, canlı/cansız arasında bir yerde yer alıyor. Yaşamın sınırında olan virüsler, yerkürede canlılığın başladığı ve inorganikten organik yapıya geçişin olduğu dönemin bugün canlı (ya da cansız) şahitleridir. Evrimin başlangıcının kanıtı olarak bugün aramızdalar.
Aslında virüslerin temel hedefleri (bilinçleri olmasa da) bir canlıyı tamamen yok etmek değildir. Hücreleri öldürürler. Ancak geçecekleri diğer komşu hücrelerin yaşıyor olması gerekiyor. Eğer üzerinde bulunduğu canlıyı öldürürlerse kendileri de geçecek, çoğalacak hücre bulamayacak ve öleceklerdir. Bu nedenle virüsler, temel seçilim ilkelerine göre genellikle üzerinde yaşadıkları canlıyı öldürmeyecek şekilde evrilmeye zorlanır. Varlıklarını devam ettirebilmek için konakçılarını hayatta tutacak şekilde evrilirler. Ancak böylece bireyler arası geçiş yapabilir ve varlıklarını devam ettirebilirler. Bazı virüs türleri sık sık bireyler arası geçiş göstermeyip bir bireyde kalmayı tercih eder. Varlığını, uykuda kalarak o canlının üzerinde sürdürür. Ancak konakçılarının bağışıklık sistemi zayıflarsa ortaya çıkar. Uçuk yapmasıyla tanıdığımız herpes virüsü böyledir. Aynı şekilde bu virüsün bir başka formu da zona hastalığının nedenidir. Güçsüz, zayıf ya da yorgun düştüğümüz, derin sıkıntılı dönemlerimizde ortaya çıkarlar.
Virüsler bir insanın vücudunda hücreden hücreye geçerek yayıldığı gibi toplumda da bireyden bireye geçerek varlığını sürdürür. Tipik nezle ve grip gündelik yaşamımızın bir parçasıdır. Bunlar uzun süredir birlikte olduğumuz, insanla uyum sağlayacak bir evrimsel dönüşüm geçirmiş insana özgü virüslerdir. Yani bizim virüslerimizdir. Çoğu zaman iyileşerek atlattığımız için bu hastalıkları çok da önemsemeyiz. Bunlar, düşük oranlarda ölüm riski taşırlar. Ancak bu hastalıkları geçiren kişilerin fazlalığı dikkate alındığında ortaya çıkan ölüm sayısı bu hiç de küçümsenmeyecek rakamlara ulaşmaktadır.
Canlı türlerine göre farklı virüs türleri vardır. Bulaşma tür içidir. Bir virüs genellikle ait olduğu canlı türüne bulaşır. Ancak nadiren başka bir türe de bulaşabilmektedir. Bir canlı genetik ve yaşam şekli olarak insana ne kadar yakınsa, virüslerinin de insanda hastalık yapma potansiyeli o kadar yüksek olacaktır. Burada en büyük tehdit memeliler grubundan gelmektedir. Çok sayıda canlı türüyle devamlı temas halindeyiz. Yeryüzündeki büyük nüfusumuz ve doğanın her yanına uzanan yaygın yaşam tarzımız büyük bir risk oluşturuyor. Bu hem bulaş açısından hem de yaygın ulaşım ağları açısından tehlikeyi arttırmaktadır. Sadece tek bir insana başka bir canlıdan bir kez olabilecek bir virüs bulaşı, yeni bir insan hastalığının ortaya çıkmasına, yaygın ulaşım trafiği de bugün gördüğümüz gibi tablonun tüm insanlığı tehdit edebilecek bir pandemiye dönüşmesine neden olabiliyor.
Geçmişte yaşadığımız SARS ve MERS gibi salgınlardan ilkinde misk kedisi, ikincisinde tek hörgüçlü deve bulaşma kaynağıydı. Son yeni korona virüsü pandemisinde ise kaynağın ana konakçı olarak yarasa olduğu düşünülüyor. Ayrıca ara konakçı olarak da bir zırhlı karıncayiyen türü olan pangolin suçlanıyor. Virüsün bu iki türde nasıl ve hangi koşullarda varlığını sürdürerek son genetik şeklini aldığı sorusu ise cevaplanması zor bir soru.
Yapılan birçok çalışma sonrasında öngörüldüğü üzere, başka türlerden bulaş yoluyla ortaya çıkan virüs salgınları artık kaçınılmaz bir tehdit olarak devamlı karşımızda duruyor. Bunun en canlı örneğini de bugün Covid-19 pandemisi ile yaşıyoruz. Bu salgının bugün tam da olduğu şekliyle ortaya çıkacağını öngören yazılı bilimsel görüşler bulunmaktadır.
Evrimin varlığına şüphe ile bakanlar, genellikle evrimin gözlenebilir olmadığını öne sürerler. Evrimi gözleyememiş olmak da evrimin yokluğuna delil olacak şekilde argüman olarak kullanılır. Doğal olarak, evrimsel dönüşümler bizim gibi canlı türlerinde çok yavaş değişimlerle ortaya çıkar ve gözle görülecek kadar hızlı değildir. Ancak virüsler söz konusu olduğunda bu değişir. Bir canlının üreme ve çoğalma sürati ne kadar fazlaysa o canlı o kadar hızlı evrilir. Bakterilerde de hızlı dönüşümler olur. Ancak virüslere baktığımızda evrimin tam anlamıyla gözlerimiz önünde gerçekleştiğini görebiliriz. Hızlı çoğalmaları, onarım mekanizmalarının olmaması, bir grubunun tek zincirli RNA virüsü olması gibi nedenlerden ötürü virüslerin mutasyon dereceleri yüksektir ve inanılmaz bir süratte evrilirler. Virüs bir kişinin vücudunda çoğalırken, başkasına bulaşmadan önce bir evrimsel dönüşüm geçirebilir. Bu hızlı dönüşümler çoğu zaman uygun aşının geliştirilmesi ve tedavi için ciddi anlamda sorun oluşturur.
Konakçı değişikliği yaparak Covid 19 salgınında olduğu gibi virüsün türler arasında yayıldığı, hatta kitlelere yayıldığı epidemi ve pandemi gibi dönemlerde, evrimin gözlenebilmesi ve etkilerinin doğrudan değerlendirilmesi daha mümkün olmaktadır.
Evrim, başlıca iki değişken üzerinden gerçekleşir. Bunlar birey çeşitliliği ve seçilimdir. Çeşitlilik, mutasyonlarla olur. Seçilim ise çevre faktörleri ile ilgilidir. Virüsler de bu iki durumun etkisindedir. Virüsler mutasyona açık yapıları nedeniyle devamlı yeni mutantlar oluşturur. Ancak bir virüs ne kadar çeşitlilik oluşturursa oluştursun, yaşam alanı olan konakçısında varlığını devam ettirebildiği ideal şeklinden fazla dönüşüm geçirmez. Çünkü konakçılarında uzun bir zaman diliminde evrilerek en kararlı şeklini almışlardır. Devamlı ortaya çıkan yeni mutant virüsler avantaj sağlamayacak ve varlıklarını devam ettiremeyeceklerdir. Mutant olmayanlar ise konakçıda normal döngüsünde yaşamını sürdürür. Bu şekilde virüs, konakçısından ibaret olan kendi çevresine uyumlu olan yapısını değiştirmeksizin varlığını sürdürecektir.
Asıl farklı durum, virüsün yeni ve farklı bir konakçıya geçmesiyle başlar. Burada virüs artık farklı bir çevre koşuluyla karşı karşıyadır. Ana konakçısındayken ona uyum sağlayacak şekilde sahip olduğu özellikleri artık bu yeni konakçıyla uyumsuzluklar gösterebilir. Ancak, virüsler devamlı mutasyon geçirir. Mutasyonlar burada bir uyum arayışı gibidir. Virüs yeni konakçısında çoğalırken ortaya çıkan mutasyonlar, onun varlığına devam etmesine ve bireyden bireye bulaşmasına mâni olmadığı sürece virüse yeni özellikler kazandıracaktır. Virüs bu yeni çevresine uyum sağlayabilmek için yeni ortaya çıkan mutasyonlardan, uygun olanların gelmesini bekleyecektir bir anlamda. Yeni bir konakçıya geçtiğinde virüsü değişmeye zorlayan şey mutasyon değil, seçilimdir. Uygun olmayanlar elenecek, bu yeni yaşam alanı virüsü evrilmeye zorlayacaktır. Böylece uygun mutasyonlar ortaya çıkarsa virüs zamanla yaşadığı yeni konakçısına uyum sağlayacak şekli alır ve bu özelliklerini korur.
Covid -19 salgınında da olan budur. Çünkü bu virüs, ana konakçısı olan yarasalara uyumlu olacak şekilde bir evrim süreci geçirmiştir. Veriler, bir ara konakçı olarak pangolin üzerinden geçtikten sonra insana bulaştığını göstermektedir. Yarasaya göre seçilip şekillenmiş ve olasılıkla pangolin üzerinde de bir miktar değişime uğramış olan bu virüs, bu yeni konakçısı insan için uyumlu olmayan belirsiz bir yapıya sahip olacaktır. İnsanla uyum gösterecek bir birliktelik süreci olmamıştır. İnsana ilk bulaştığında bir tesadüf olarak çok öldürücü bir özelliğe sahip olabilir. Covid-19 salgını insan virüs enfeksiyonlarında normalin üstünde bir ölüm oranıyla karşımıza çıkmıştır. Önceki korona virüs salgınları olan SARS ve MERS salgınlarında da böyle olmuş, hatta daha da yüksek ölüm oranları gözlenmişti.
Yeni konakçısında ortaya çıkan bu öldürücü etki, aslında virüs için de avantajlı olmayan ve kişiden kişiye bulaşmasını önleyen bir durumdur. Bu yeni ortamına uyum sağlayabilmek için yeni bir seçilim etkisine girecektir. Böyle bir durumda zamanla insandan insana daha kolayca bulaşabilecek bir şekle evrilmeye zorlanacak ve yayıldıkça insan sağlığını daha az tehdit eden bir şekilde dönüşecektir.
Virüs salgınlarında önerilen el yıkama, maske, sosyal mesafe gibi hijyene yönelik koruyucu önlemlerin çok ama çok önemli yeri vardır. Ancak hastalığın yavaşlamasının tek nedeni hijyen değildir. Aşısı ve ilacı bulunmadığı halde böyle ağır ve öldürücü bir salgının zamanla etkisinin azalması, toplumda genetik olarak dirençli olan bireyler ve temel olarak virüsün bu şekildeki evrimi ile ilgilidir.
Virüsün özelliklerini ve bulaşma şeklini belirleyen tek neden, konakçılarının yapısal ve genetik özellikleri değildir. Konakçısının yaşam tarzı, alışkanlıkları da çok belirleyici olmaktadır. Konakçının bu genetik olmayan özellikleri biyolojik evrimden farklı olarak çok daha hızlı değişim göstermektedir. Virüsün bulaştığı yeni konakçının biyolojik özelliklerinden bağımsız olarak yaşam koşullarında bir farklılık varsa, virüs buna göre bir evrimsel dönüşüme zorlanabiliyor.
Türün içinde farklı alışkanlıklara sahip olan gruplar, virüs için farklı seçilim koşulları oluşturur. İnsan gruplarının sosyalleşme özellikleri, hijyen alışkanlıkları, kültürel yapısı nedeniyle aynı virüs farklı insan topluluklarında farklı farklı düzeylerde hastalık oluşturabilir.
Geriye doğru gittiğimizde, insanın kabileler halinde yaşamakta olduğu ve henüz şehirleşmenin olmadığı çok eski dönemlerde küresel bir salgın olması beklenmezdi. Burada böyle bir virüs ile bulaş ortaya çıkan salgın, bir kabileyle sınırlı kalıyor ya da en fazla komşu kabileye yayılabiliyor, tüm insanları tehdit etmiyordu. Kabilelerde ise tam yayılıyor. Bulaş kaçınılmaz oluyor, ancak genetik çeşitlilik bir kurtarıcı olabiliyor, virüse dirençli bireyler hayatta kalıyordu. Ortaçağ’da şehirleşme ve ticaret yolları, kitleler halinde ölümlere neden olan, veba salgınları gibi büyük salgınlara neden olan hastalıkları taşıyabilecek bir hıza ulaşmıştı.
Bugün bir salgının hızlıca yayılmasını mümkün kılan bir yaşam şekline sahibiz. Bir salgının tüm dünyaya yayılıp bir pandemi halini almasının nedeni globalleşmemiz. Kalabalık şehirler, hızlı ve yaygınlaşmış her türlü taşıt trafiği, artık virüslerin dünyanın dört bir yanına yayılabilmesini mümkün kılıyor. Hızlı bulaşan virüs salgınları bu durumda insanlık için büyük bir tehdit olarak, ölümcül pandemilerin ortaya çıkmasına neden olabilecek ve herhangi bir aşı ya da tedavi yöntemi bulunamazsa, insan türünün devamı için tek güvence, bireylerin heterojen genetik yapıya sahip olması olacaktır.
Yarasalar da bizim gibi memeliler grubunda yer alıyor. Yerkürede yaklaşık 50 milyon yıldır varlar. İnsanla yarasanın yollarının ayrıldığı ortak atası da bundan çok eski bir zamanda yaşamamış. Bu ayrılmadan sonra geçen süre ise tüm evrim tarihine oranla çok kısa. Her ne kadar çok farklı gibi görünseler de vücut özellikleri birçok memelide olduğu gibi insana çok yakın. Yaşam tarihinin başından beri çok uzun bir evrimsel tarihi onlarla paylaşıyoruz. Yani birkaç milyar yıllık yaşam tarihini düşündüğümüzde diğer memelilerle olduğu gibi, yarasa ile insan çok yakın akraba olarak görülmeli.
Yarasaların türe özgü çok özel bir yaşam şekli var. Tüneme yerlerinde kaçınılmaz olarak çok iç içeler. Bu kaçınılmaz yakınlaşmaları, yarasaların doğal olarak solunum yolu virüsleri için ideal bir konakçı olmalarına neden oluyor. Öyle ki tünedikleri mağaralarda yer kısıtlılığı nedeniyle fiziksel bir yakınlıkta olmak zorunda olan yarasaların teneffüslerindeki havayı birbirleriyle paylaşmak durumunda olmaları, bu virüsün nasıl bulaştığına dair bize yol gösteriyor. Belki de korona virüsün havada asılı kalmasının nedeni yarasalarda varlığını sürdürebilmesini sağlayan bulaşın ancak bu şekilde oluyor olmasıyla ilgilisi bulunabilir. Yarasaların, sıkışık yaşam alanlarında solunum havasını paylaşma mecburiyetleri onları, solunum yoluyla geçen virüslerden daha az etkilenecek bazı seçilim baskıları da ortaya çıkarmış olmalı.
Temel vücut yapısı ve bağışıklık mekanizmaları açısından yarasalar ile insanlar arasında biyolojik olarak farklar var. Ancak bunun kadar önemli bir değişken de yaşam şekliyle ilgili. İnsanlarda ortaya çıkan yüksek ölüm oranlarının nedeni insanın kendine özgü geliştirdiği dönüşümlerden (özel yaşam şartlarından) kaynaklandığını düşünebiliriz. Bunlar biyolojik değil daha çok insanın kolektif zekâsının ortaya çıkardığı avantajlı yaşamla ilgili. Tabii bu tarz yaşam burada avantajlı değil.
Yarasalar da tüm vahşi hayvanlar gibi doğal yaşamlarını idame ettirebilmek için sıkı bir bedensel faaliyet yapmak zorundalar. Bizim böyle bir mecburiyetimiz yok. Her koşulda gıda temin edebiliyoruz. Onların bu zorunlulukları aynı zamanda virüslere karşı dirençli olmalarının da nedeni. Bağışıklık düzeyi düşük olan ya da hasta olan bir yarasa, zaten doğal koşullar nedeniyle elenir. Yarasalar doğada her ne kadar uzun yaşayan bir tür olsa da yine de belli bir yaşın üstüne çıkamıyor. Modern insan, herkese her koşulda yaşam hakkı tanıyan bir sisteme sahip. Ancak bu aynı zamanda bugün yaşadığımız pandemide olduğu gibi bizim zayıf karnımız oldu.
Biz de yarasaların koşullarında yaşasaydık, yani yaşamımızı idame ettirebilmek için yüksek fiziksel faaliyet yapmak zorunda olsaydık, virüse bağlı ölüm oranları sıfıra yakın, hatta sıfır olacaktı. Diğer yandan yarasalar da eğer yüksek bir fiziksel performans gerektirmeden gıdalarına ulaşacak şekilde besleniyor ve böylece doğal seçilimle belirlenmiş olan yaşam sürelerinin üstünde yaşıyor olmuş olsalardı, onların da bu virüsten bizim yaşadığımıza benzer bir sıkıntıyla mustarip olacaklarına şüphe duymayacaktık. Bunun için tutsaklıkta yaşayan yarasalara bakılabilir. Hayvanat bahçesinde yaşayan bir yarasa popülasyonunda bu virüslerin daha fazla hastalık yaratabileceği ve ölümcül olabileceği düşünülebilir. Üst düzey fiziksel performans, yarasalarda olduğu gibi tüm canlılarda ve insanda bağışıklık mekanizmasını güçlendiriyor. Modern insan olmak bize çok şey kazandırdı. Ama bu gibi durumlarda kaçınılmaz kayıplara neden oluyor.
Evrimi anlamak için virüsler çok iyi bir örnektir. Onları anlarken evrimi de anlamış oluruz. Diğer yandan bu anlayıp öğrendiğimiz evrim bilgisi, virüslerle mücadelenin de bilimsel temelini oluşturmaktadır. İdeal bir bilimsel çalışma, iyi bir hipotez kurularak gerçekleştirilebilir. İyi bir hipotez de ancak evrimin ilkelerinin farkında olabilmekle konulabilir. Bunun için bilim insanlarımızın adeta bir virüs gibi düşünebilmesi gerekir. Çok güçlü bir beyin gücü ile gelen genç bilim insanlarımızı bu bilgiyle donatıp bu bilinçle yetiştirmemenin gerçek anlamda büyük bir eksik olduğu açıktır.
Evrimin temel ilkelerinin bilinmesi, bugün yaşadığımız örnekte olduğu gibi insan sağlığı açısından büyük önem arz ediyor. Bu hastalığın nedeni olan virüsün zararlı dönüşüm geçirerek ortaya çıkması, bulaşması, yayılması ve yayılırken ortaya çıkan dönüşümleri değerlendirmek açısından bu ilkelerin farkında olmak çok önemli.
Evrime bir tabu olarak bakıyoruz. Kültürel, dini ya da siyasi nedenlerle ortaya çıkan toplumsal reflekslerimiz, evrimin benimsenmesi ve eğitiminde ciddi anlamda bir eksiklik ortaya çıkarıyor. Her ne kadar üniversite gibi üst eğitim kurumlarında evrime yönelik bir eksiklik olmadığı düşünülse de durum böyle değil. Evrim bilgisi ve evrime bakış beklenenin çok altında kalıyor. Diğer yandan temel eğitim sürecinden gelen eksiklikler, üniversitelerde de bu negatif etkinin artmasına neden oluyor. Oysa bugün yaşadığımız pandemiden çıkış yolu bilimdir. Bilimin Covid-19 kilidini açması için anahtarı ise evrimdir. Evrimin ihmal edilmemesi için atılacak her adım, insanlık adına atılmış olacaktır.
Sonuç olarak virüs-konakçı ilişkisinden hareketle, insana yol gösteren bir çıkarım yaparak sözlerimi bitirmek istiyorum.
Doğal seçilimle evrimin temel prensibi, uyumlu olmayanın yok olmasıdır. Varlığını devam ettirebilmenin yolu ise dönüşümdür. Bu nedenle virüsler bulundukları canlıyı öldürmeyecek şekilde evrim geçirmeye zorlanır. Uzun süreye dayanan virüs-konakçı ilişkilerinde virüsler, birlikte uyumlu stratejilerle konakçılarında varlıklarını sürdürürler. Yeni konakçılarında ise bir süre sonra birlikte yaşayabilecek özellikler geçirip onları öldürmeyecek ve birlikte yaşayacak şekilde dönüşürler. Burada virüs için uyumlu olmak, üzerinde yaşadığı canlıyı öldürmek değil yaşatmaktır. Bizler de virüsler gibi üzerinde yaşadığımız dünyayı yok etmemek için evrilmeyi mi bekleyeceğiz? Bunun insanlığa bedeli çok olacaktır. Virüsler yaşattıkça yaşıyor. Öldürdükçe kendileri de ölüyor. Bizler, yaşam alanımız olan dünyayı, zorunda kaldığımız için değil, bilinçli ve planlı olarak korumalıyız.
Yaşat ki yaşayasın…
1. Cheng VCC, Lau SKP, Woo PCY, Yuen KY, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus as an Agent of Emerging and Reemerging Infection, American Society for Microbiology. 20/4. 2007, 660–694
2. Kaya T. Yaşam, Evrim ve Biz, Alfa Bilim. 2015 | <urn:uuid:f7f8d898-2369-444d-a40c-7df62710fc20> | {
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Henry Cooper is walking 2016 km in the year 2016!
Henry is walking 2016 km in the year 2016, to raise some funds for the Thames Valley Air Ambulance.
Enews – July 2016
In this month’s eNews we report on CIS monthly returns, Personal Tax Accounts, calculation of holiday entitlements and the latest labour market statistics. A recent report also considers whether banks and charities should take greater responsibility for those who may be vulnerable to scams.
Please do get in touch if you would like any further guidance on any of the areas covered.
UK set to leave the EU
With the referendum votes counted and the United Kingdom vote to exit the European Union there will be many issues to consider.
The CBI commented on the result of the referendum.
Carolyn Fairbairn, CBI Director-General, said:
‘The British people’s vote to leave the EU is a momentous turning point in our history. The country has spoken and it’s for us all to listen.
Many businesses will be concerned and need time to assess the implications. But they are used to dealing with challenge and change and we should be confident they will adapt.
The urgent priority now is to reassure the markets. We need strong and calm leadership from the Government, working with the Bank of England, to shore up confidence and stability in the economy.
The choices we make over the coming months will affect generations to come. This is not a time for rushed decisions.
The CBI will be consulting its members and business is committed to working with Government to shape the best possible conditions for future prosperity.’
Internet link: CBI news
Banks and charities urged to do more to protect scam victims
The Chartered Trading Standards Institute (CTSI) has called for banks and charities to take greater responsibility for those who may be vulnerable to scams.
The CTSI commissioned a report from Bournemouth University’s National Centre for Post Qualifying Social Work into scam victims, and its recommendations to financial institutions and charities include:
- recognising their duty of care to dementia sufferers who could make an ‘unwise decision’ as a result of their cognitive state
- allowing vulnerable people to put a 24 hour delay on new or large transactions from leaving their bank accounts and sending an email or text alerting a carer or loved one at the start of that period
- adopting a default that personal data is not shared without a clear opt in and that it is not held for longer than 12 months before permission is sought again.
This last measure is an attempt to prevent the creation of lists of vulnerable people, which are sold between criminals. According to Trading Standards officers, there are nearly 200,000 potential victims on such lists, who may be targeted by mail or doorstep scams. Victims of scam mail have an average age of 74, and have typically lost more than £1,000.
Leon Livermore, CTSI chief executive, stated:
‘Vulnerability is not a term that is defined in law, which means it is difficult for professionals to introduce measures to protect vulnerable people.
‘We believe that banks and charitable organisations can do more without the need for legislation and that these relatively straightforward asks would lead to a dramatic reduction in detriment.
‘Adult social care faces a massive funding shortfall and people who are scammed are much more likely to need support. These measures will protect our ageing population and reduce the burden on the state.’
Contractors Monthly Returns
From April 2016 changes have been made to the Construction Industry Scheme (CIS). Part of the reforms were that contractors must file their monthly returns online.
HMRC have introduced a number of improvements to the CIS online service with a view to making it easier and more efficient to use. These changes include the facility to amend returns online. They have also introduced a new online message/alert service. HMRC will issue messages and alerts including:
- Monthly Return Inactivity Confirmation
- Period of inactivity about to end
- Submission of a ‘nil’ monthly return during a period of inactivity
- Submission of a monthly return containing payment information during a period of inactivity
- Inactivity request for an inappropriate period
- Return amendment where the number of subcontractors have changed
- Cost of materials enquiry
- Have you filed your Monthly Return yet?
- Subcontractor tax treatment incorrect
- Submission where HMRC are unable to match subcontractor information to their records.
These messages will be sent to the contractors HMRC CIS Online account. HMRC are asking contractors to check if they are receiving these messages via their commercial software package, otherwise contractors may need to access them via the HMRC online service.
Modified online subcontractor verification service
HMRC have also now modified the Subcontractor verification service which includes improved search and matching functions, and updated screens which will now display tax treatment details against each subcontractor. HMRC are encouraging contractors to use this service as the telephone verification service is expected to be removed from April 2017.
If you would like help with CIS issues or returns please contact us.
Internet link: Employer Bulletin
Have you accessed your Personal Tax Account?
HMRC are advising employers that their employees may benefit from accessing their Personal Tax Account. These accounts allow taxpayers to view information about their tax affairs and advise HMRC online about changes that may affect the tax they pay. The services available through the Personal Tax Account include:
- checking income tax estimates and tax codes
- advising HMRC about changes affecting company cars
- using the online forms available to claim tax deductible work expenses or a tax refund
- checking the expected level of their state pension
- renewing tax credits
- advising HMRC of a change of address.
In a recent development the system for registering for this service has been revised and it is now possible to register using your National Insurance Number and P60 information. To register visit https://www.gov.uk/personal-tax-account
Employers may wish to promote the service to their employees as this should result in fewer enquiries being made by them to their payroll or HR departments
Internet link: Employer Bulletin
Now is the time of year when many of us turn our thoughts to holidays and it is important to get holiday entitlement and holiday pay right.
The GOV.UK calculator has recently been updated and can be found by using the following link.
The acas website also includes useful guidance on calculating holiday and holiday pay entitlements.
If you would like help with payroll matters please contact us.
Internet link: GOV.UK calculator
Labour market statistics
The latest ONS labour market statistics show a 55,000 rise in employment in the three months to April 2016.
The Office for National Statistics has announced that:
‘Between the 3 months to January 2016 and February to April 2016, the number of people in work increased, the number of unemployed people fell, and the number of people not working and not seeking or available to work (economically inactive) fell slightly.
There were 31.59 million people in work, 55,000 more than for the 3 months to January 2016 and 461,000 more than for a year earlier.
There were 23.10 million people working full-time, 304,000 more than for a year earlier. There were 8.50 million people working part-time, 157,000 more than for a year earlier.
The employment rate (the proportion of people aged from 16 to 64 who were in work) was 74.2%, the joint highest since comparable records began in 1971.
There were 1.67 million unemployed people (people not in work but seeking and available to work), 20,000 fewer than for the 3 months to January 2016, 148,000 fewer than for a year earlier and the lowest since March to May 2008.’
Josh Hardie, CBI Deputy Director-General, said:
‘The UK labour market remains in decent health, but pipeline pressures are building for employers, at a time when businesses are facing greater uncertainty.
Firms are facing a number of issues that could add costs; the impact of the introduction of the National Living Wage, the forthcoming apprentice levy and the EU Referendum, all against the backdrop of anaemic global growth.
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The month of October has been busy and bustling with visiting educational programs from Palm Beach Florida and Nassau.
Palm Beach Day Academy, located in South Florida, recently visited for a 5 day program where they focused on research and sustainable systems at the Island School and CEI. After spending a memorable first day tagging juvenile green sea turtles they spent the next morning with the aquaculture team for an entertaining (and delicious) presentation where they were able to eat some of the Cobia grown in the 3000 m3 offshore cage. Throughout the remainder of their trip they enjoyed a presentation and dissection on the invasive lionfish as well as an engaging bonefish dissection from the Flats researchers just to name a few.
Lyford Cay International School, a K-12th grade International Baccalaureate authorized school in western New Providence, The Bahamas, brought their grade 10 students last week for a 3 day program focusing on sustainable water usage and conservation techniques at CEI/Island School. Each morning the students joined the morning chore of measuring the water in the cisterns around campus.
They learned about the importance of mangroves for natural water filtration as well as water use in agriculture, they compared rain water collection (in cisterns) to reverse osmosis systems (RO), and studied the biodigester, a new addition to campus. In addition, they made a trip over to Deep Creek Middle School to lend a hand with some exotic species removal and the planting of native trees.
This week we have Lyford Cay International School returning with their grade 12 students to study sustainable fisheries. They plan on documenting their stay here at the Island School for a group video project on sustainable fisheries. Looking forward to see what kind of ideas they have for their project! | <urn:uuid:4d5d472e-a76d-451d-8bb9-22be9a95058d> | {
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ClorDiSys has done studies with electronics and found that they stand up well after multiple exposures. Computers have been exposed to the gas for over 25 cycles and have been fully functioning afterward. In fact, chlorine dioxide gas was chosen to decontaminate the inner chambers of a $3,000,000 Transmission Electron Microscope over hydrogen peroxide vapor because of its superior material compatibility as proven through manufacturer testing. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) commissioned a study exposing computers to chlorine dioxide and hydrogen peroxide over the course of 6 months. Below are the test results showing chlorine dioxide had the lowest amount of failures.
Not all chlorine dioxide gas products are the same, and we understand the hesitation considering some of the information available regarding corrosion. That’s why we offer free* material testing to give confidence that our chlorine dioxide gas will be safe on your materials and sensitive items.
* Testing is free for a reasonable amount of items. Shipping not included | <urn:uuid:89a6d11e-5d7c-4a98-943b-800bbe9e2f50> | {
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"Movember (the month formerly known as November) is a charity event held during November each year.
At the start of Movember guys register with a clean shaven face. The Movember participants known as Mo Bros then have the remainder of the month to grow and groom their moustache and along the way raise as much money and awareness about male health issues as possible.
Movember culminates at the end of the month at the Gala Partés. These glamorous and groomed events will see Tom Selleck and Ian Botham look-a-likes battle it out on the catwalk for their chance to take home the prestigious Man of Movember title.
While growing a Mo is left to the guys, Mo Sistas (ladies who support their guys or just love Mo's!) form an important part of Movember by recruiting Mo Bros, helping to raise funds and attending the highly anticipated Gala Partés.
But it' s not all fun and games, so why the extreme behavior?
Which ever way we look at it, men are far less healthy than women. The average life expectancy for men is five years less than for women.
Men lack awareness about the very real health issues they face. There is an attitude that they have to be tough - "a real man" - and are reluctant to see a doctor about an illness or go for regular medical checks.
The aim of Movember is to change this attitude, make men's health fun by putting the Mo back on the face of English men and in the process raise some serious funds for key male health issues.
Every year about 35,000 men in the U.K. are diagnosed with prostate cancer and about 10,000 men die from of the disease. A British man has a 1 in 11 lifetime risk of developing prostate cancer . It is now the most common cancer diagnosed in men in the U.K. with at least one man dying every hour from the disease." | <urn:uuid:e5ccb83c-f7c5-4502-82de-56dc4e7dd438> | {
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The Dark Aspect of Equestria
>be River, a light blue fluffy pegasus>you are living with a modest herd during the massive green. you all share a burrow under the Big Aged Tree>there are areas wherever drinking water gathers and where by you may try to eat yummy berries>your smarty buddy knows techniques to preserve foods for in the event the white time will come. he’s demanding but reasonable.>you reside with three other mares, two stallions (not such as the smarty) as well as their foals.>the smarty companion gave you exceptional hugs the last time the big white ball was up within the sky>he fluttered his wings and nuzzled your fluff then he set his exceptional point in your naughty place>now the sky ball is coming back as well as your stomach is so tremendous! you’re able to barely transfer even so the other mares facilitate you>you believe anguish shooting thru your naughty location and poopie place>it hurts and you simply get started howling, however you understand it implies toddlers are coming!>you grit your teeth and take a look at to smile as the other fluffies hug you for support>one of these, an more mature, dealt with mare, stands guiding you> commin! feel one thing warm and wet force out of you, similar to a poopie nonetheless it squirming! it a newborn!>the mare mindfully picks it up with her mouth and locations it by your head. you lick it cleanse and give it a hug previously positioning it on the teat> babeh comm! the older mare areas the next foal by your head. you lick this a person thoroughly clean as well and put it on the other teat>you believe another thing squeeze away from you could it be a third foal?>no it the messy factor. it doesn scent or taste pretty though the mare lets you know it strong to take in it>scrunching your eyes, you choke down the messy factor. a different mare presents you a few of bouquets to obtain rid on the negative taste>exhausted, damp, and sore, you lay down cuddling your two babies>one of these is black by using a black mane and tail. the opposite is tan accompanied by a yellow mane and tail>they each pegasi like their mommy and daddy.>of course, newborns scarcely have got a mane like mommies and daddies do, however it still there. it desires the perfect time to grow>a couple of days move. your infants have a small even bigger. they starting up to talk>Flower, http://www.christianlouboutinhoney.com one of the mares closer to the age, comes above to sniff the infants and give them hugs>you smile as she initially picks up the tan newborn and cuddles it, cooing to her.>but when Flower picks up the black foal, her encounter gets a wierd start looking on it>she sniffs the infant and then drops it onto your fluff> huwt babeh? babeh is gud babeh! wong wiff babeh! nu poor babeh! yu scent if harmful babeh! smawty! smawty hewp! smarty buddy, Randy, arrives around to observe just what the fuss is about> nu gud babeh! sumfin wong! GUD babeh! nu haff dangerous smewll! sniffs the foal> wike gud babeh. DIS Awful BABEH! WOOK! WIGHT DERE! mare has brushed the mane away from the foal head.>it features a horn like a unicorn. however it has wings like you and Randy>your little one isn dreadful it Wonderful! you so proud!> BABEH! mare tips forward to strike your foal. the smarty stops her.> is nu bad babeh! is gud babeh! go way, fwowah! GO WAY! mare slinks away, frowning> yu wandy. gud babeh he mutters, wandering away>the future number of days don go very well.>the other mares, even the more mature a single, are supplying your black foal soiled looks>sometimes they come about and bump up towards it, knocking it down>the foal sniffles a little bit but doesn cry. he good. like his mommy and daddy>the foal gets even bigger. his horn is way extra obvious now>the other foals consider him with curiosity and surprise.>their parents or guardians, but nevertheless, don share the sentiment>their bullying improves. tripping the foal as it strolling, knocking it through, christian louboutin replica stealing meals.>the smarty can maintain up with all of these transgressions and you fatigued from maintaining a tally of your baby>one night time, exhausted, you collapse inside burrow. you just ought to rest for the few minutes *crunch* awaken. squinting your eyes in the dark within the burrow, you see the opposite mares and stallions beating your foal to death>it does its most suitable never to cry, but his legs are damaged and has lots of cuts and bruises> nu huwt babeh! other foals are gathered in the furpile in the back of the burrow, hugging one another and sobbing>you make an attempt to force the other fluffies absent but they effortlessly overpower you. >Randy sits behind the cave, just one tear dripping down his cheek>you hug him, sobbing into his fluff> why huwt babeh whyyyyyyy a moment or two, the violence has ended>the foal lays within a pile over the ground>you decide on him up, his blood staining your fluff, and hug him>the other fluffies stand close to you, frowning>the foal appears to be like at them> pity yuuu fwuffy bettah dan yuuu the herd can respond, his eyes close>silently, you and Randy drag the alicorn entire body from the burrow and conceal it beneath some leaves and stones>hopefully no munstas will see it and acquire it away>Randy hugs you and nuzzles his encounter in opposition to yours. you coo to him, tears even now dripping down your cheeks>you at long last start out to actually feel a little bit higher and head back again towards the burrow>you don notice Randy as he brushes the mane absent from your finest of his head and grinds his horn towards a rock>Randy curses himself for not stepping in faster. for not instructing the foal proven methods to hide himself.>he certainly thought it would be varying this time.>the smarty viewed from his hiding place, christian louboutin replica putting almost every ounce of concentration into comprehending the human tools>he in addition to the herd experienced stumbled across a brownstone in the midst of the center that was under serious reconstruction>sneaking in through a colossal refuse pipe, they seen a cushty room with sheets, carpets and furniture>much for the house household furniture had all been stashed and covered in below to help keep it clean>it was a fluffy paradise.>plenty of regions to hide, warm carpets to put on, sheets to participate in behind>the smarty even had the perception to send out the herd outside of the home on the curb to ease themselves>it was mainly excellent. a number of of your youthful colts and fillies couldn generally keep it, so their mommies or daddies experienced to clean it up themselves>they would be taught soon ample to manage themselves like an adult fluffy pony>there was a nip during the air, while. the cold is going to be coming especially quickly and even with all the comforts here, the herd could well be at risk of freezing>that sales opportunities us back again with the smarty, observing a human working.>his identify was Pilate. he had been owned by a kind aged priest. the unicorn fluff was golden which includes a white mane.>but when Pilate proprietor experienced a heart attack the replacement pastor kicked the fluffy with the proverbial curb>at to begin with Pilate lamented his useless proprietor nevertheless the tendancy to become a smarty immediately took about the unicorn as he grew a lot more desperate for foods and shelter>over the subsequent weeks he collected alongside one another a little herd. an deserted mare here, an escaped stallion there >he experienced 10 fluffies during the herd now, not this includes a half dozen foals ranging from a pair of newborns to some of month-olds.>the human was the final of your workmen to depart. the smarty watched in fascination as being the human turned a dial in the metallic product, reducing the flame it made to your modest flicker, and then nothing>that was their savior. er, christian louboutin replica so to speak.>if Pilate could make fire, he could provide you with for your herd without end.>then he will be the right smarty>well, he was now an excellent smarty however, if he mastered fire he might be the BESTEST smarty>as the final human remaining the producing, Pilate cautiously approached the fire-maker thing>it was steel, the identical coloration as his fluff. there was a dial along with a element you press.>seemed painless more than enough.>Pilate turned the dial on it. what amount, even though? considerably better flip it all the best way on.>now just should stomp relating to the pressy-thing *click*>dammit.>*stomp* *click*>oh, occur on!>*stomp* *click*>aha! a spark!>*stomp* *click*>a blast of fire erupted from the blowtorch, obliterating one of the many foals who transpired to become standing much too near the flame spout>it burned because of him so fairly quickly that it remaining just his stubby legs over the floor>its mother wasn’t happy> babeh! wha come about to babeh! negative fwame huwty! she picked up the foal legs and attempted to hug them. a single by just one they rolled onto the ground like tiny Lincoln Logs>the smarty was thrilled, however. he had created fire! the dummy mare dummy foal has gotten on the way and he should have recognized better>Pilate grabbed the deal with belonging to the fire-maker factor and began dragging it into the fireplace>once in there, it will be protected.>of class, the perfect intentions are fraught with disappointment>as the smarty dragged the blowtorch across the place, the spurting flame ignited a sheet, then left a fireplace trail within the carpet>the sheet automatically collapsed on a few fluffies, setting them on fireplace and trapping them as well>they screamed, christian louboutin replica banging their feeble leathery hooves from the thick cloth on the sheet as the fireplace scorched their fluff and cooked their tender flesh>three other foals and also a mare were trapped by a hoop of fireside about the carpet which was now spreading>it took only a instant with the flames to wrap roughly them and established them on fire>one within the other stallions operates around Pilate. black with a eco-friendly mane. his name is Midnight.> dummy! yu huwt hewd wiff hooman fiyah! isn’t really dummy! smawty is smawty! midnight back off or piwate giff serious owie is slice off as Midnight bucks the blowtorch along with his again feet. it falls on its side, blasting its flame instantly on Pilate nether regions>the smarty unicorn howls in suffering as the flames burn up away his genitals, scorch his tender anus, and then the fluff close to them. within a subject of seconds he appears to have been de-sexed.> Considerable HUWTIES! NO-NO HUWT! WAHHHHHHHHHHHHHH! begins managing in circles, owning no idea of how else to respond. >around him, his herd is both on fire or smoldering. the burning fluffies run in terror in any path, environment sheets and home furnishings on fire>Midnight can make a break for that refuse tube, sliding down at a breakneck speed>he hits the pavement roughly, may need cracked a bone or two, but is unharmed otherwise>he looks up in unhappiness as being the establishing begins to go up in flames>hearing a noise coming within the refuse tube, Midnight sees Pilate having difficulties to receive down>his fluff is scorched, his genitals burned away, his anus blackened. he collapses towards the ground, christian louboutin replica sobbing.> pwease hewp smawty nu smawty. muttered Midnight. he experienced enough of this bullshit. dummy. twy to make use of hooman fiyah. yu get buwned. wandered absent from his previous chief. Pilate laid within the pavement, howling.> major owies pwease hewp smawty pwease cries would do no decent. Midnight wandered off in to the darkness, his sillhouette lit up with the orange flames that now consumed the building the herd had described as home>the smarty, exhausted as well as in mind-numbing ache, laid about the sidewalk. in a very very few times, the first firefighters confirmed up>a fire hose knocked the scorched smarty mate into your gutter. he laid there for a while, looking at his refuge burning.> huuuuuuu fwuffy sowwy gallons of h2o poured away from the burning putting together, it puddled within the sidewalk as well as in the gutter>the drinking water quickly rose.>fluffy pony drowned. | <urn:uuid:29675309-7edc-41d1-838a-1f1364d6f8d7> | {
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Please Read John 5
After this there was a feast of the Jews, and Jesus went up to Jerusalem. John 5:1 NIV
Yeshua attended the Jewish Pilgrimage Festivals
A major category of Jewish holidays is the pilgrimage festival. Described in the Hebrew Bible as celebrating both agricultural festivals and events in the history of the Jewish people, these three holidays were set aside in biblical times for all the Jewish men to travel to the Temple in Jerusalem to worship God by bringing an animal sacrifice for the priest to offer on the pilgrim’s behalf. (1)
Three times a year all your men are to appear in the presence of Adonai your God in the place which he will choose — at the festival of Matzah (unleavened bread), at the festival of Shavu‘ot (Weeks – we know it as Pentecost) and at the festival of Sukkot (Tabernacles). They are not to show up before Adonai empty-handed, but every man is to give what he can, in accordance with the blessing Adonai your God has given you. Deuteronomy 16:16-17 CJB
Yeshua obeyed and fulfilled the Torah, including travelling to Jerusalem for these three pilgrimage festivals. We saw in John 2 that He travelled to Jerusalem with His first disciples for Pesach (Passover) and cleansed the temple in preparation for Chag haMatzah (Feast of Unleavened Bread), did many miracles during that week and had a long nocturnal discussion with the religious leader and “teacher of Israel”, Nicodemus.
8 Day Long First Pilgrimage Festival
The First Pilgrimage Festival was Matzah (Unleavened Bread). To avoid confusion, it is worth noting that the whole 8 day festival – one day of Passover followed by seven days of Unleavened Bread – is sometimes all referred to as Pesach (Passover), and sometimes as Chag haMatzah (Feast of Unleavened Bread). Leviticus 23 specifies that the Jewish festival year begins with Pesach (Passover).
The LORD’s Passover begins at twilight on the fourteenth day of the first month. Leviticus 23:5 NIV
In the Jewish calendar, that is 14th Nisan. So Passover falls on different days of the week in different years. Leviticus 23:6 puts the second feast of this Pilgrimage Festival, on the next night (remembering that Jewish days begin in the evening):
On the fifteenth day of that month the LORD’s Feast of Unleavened Bread begins; seven days ye must eat bread made without yeast. Leviticus 23:6 NIV
Leaven, or yeast, is symbolic of sin – so cleansing all leaven from the house and eating bread without leaven for the whole week symbolised being cleansed from sin and walking in holiness with God.
Also during this pilgrimage festival, on the day after Shabbat (so, always on the Sunday, regardless of which day of the week the 8 day Festival began), the Feast of First Fruits is celebrated with the very first of the harvest reaped and presented to God in the temple.
… bring to the priest a sheaf of the first grain you harvest. He is to wave the sheaf before the LORD so it will be accepted on your behalf; the priest is to wave it on the day after the Sabbath. Leviticus 23:10b-11 NIV
Since they were not to eat any bread, or roasted or new grain, until after this wave offering (Vs 14) it became custom to pick the sheaf and wave it before the LORD early in the morning. Whenever the people were commanded to bring a grain offering to the LORD, they were also commanded to sacrifice an animal(s) without defect.
These three feasts, Passover, Unleavened Bread and First Fruits, were all part of the First Pilgrimage Festival each year, which lasted eight days in total.
1 Day Long Second Pilgrimage Festival
The Second Pilgrimage Festival – Shavu‘ot – was to take place seven weeks after the first. Whereas the first began on 14th Nisan each year, and so on different days of the week, the second was always on the day after the Sabbath (ie, on the Sunday) – and so could be on slightly different dates.
From the day after the Sabbath, the day you brought the sheaf of the wave offering, count off seven full weeks. Count off fifty days up to the day after the seventh Sabbath, and present an offering of new grain to the LORD… bring two loaves… baked with yeast, as a wave offering of firstfruits to the LORD. Leviticus 23:16-17 NIV
Because they were to count off the weeks to determine the date of this festival it was called the Feast of Weeks (Shavu‘ot). In Greek it was called Pentecost because it was 50 days after the feast of First Fruits. Two loaves were to be presented to God in the temple, both of them containing yeast. Some have seen this as representing the two different groups of peoples – Jews and Gentiles – both permeated with sin but both brought before God for His redemption. Jewish tradition also held that it was on this day God had given the Torah (Law) to Moses on Mount Sinai in the wilderness.
Shavu‘ot was a one day festival in Jerusalem. For many in outlying areas such as Galilee it was a long way to come for just one day, and most Jews outside of Judea did not get to all the festivals – but the crowds were still huge for each one. Even those scattered throughout the nations were determined to make it to Jerusalem for at least one festival in their lifetime. Historical texts and archaeological evidence indicate that during the Second Temple years of the Roman era, the pilgrimage festivals were a profoundly significant social and religious institution, bringing Jews from all over the ancient world of the Mediterranean to Jerusalem. Thousands upon thousands of Jews made these festival pilgrimages, and supported a vast commercial enterprise including the raising of animals for sacrifices, a lively animal market and a complex banking community to enable pilgrims to exchange currencies. (2) (1)
Shavu‘ot was the Feast of the Jews that Yeshua had now come to Jerusalem for. Whereas the author of the fourth gospel mentions several times that Yeshua’s disciples were with Him during His previous visit to Jerusalem for the eight day Pesach (Passover) festival, there is no mention of them being with Him on this pilgrimage. The author of the fourth Gospel, like the others, had been sent back to his home when Yeshua was returning to Nazareth after news of Yochanan the Immerser’s imprisonment reached them, but unlike the others this man lived in or near Jerusalem and was there for all the Jewish feasts.
7 Day Long Third Pilgrimage Festival
The Third Pilgrimage Festival was Sukkot (Tabernacles). It celebrates the wandering of the Israelites in the desert for 40 years, when they had to rely only upon God for food and protection. It also celebrates the last harvest before the onset of the winter rains in the land of Israel. It falls five days after Yom Kippur (Day of Atonement), usually in mid-autumn.
On the fifteenth day of the seventh month the LORD’s Feast of Tabernacles begins, and it lasts for seven days. Leviticus 23:34 NIV
Yeshua fulfilled Torah by going up to Yerushalayim (Jerusalem) with the multitudes for Shavu‘ot. Having come to Jerusalem He connected with the author of the fourth Gospel, who now travelled again with his rabbi and recorded His actions and words during this time away from His other talmidim. Yeshua gave different lessons to different groups of His disciples, according to where they were at in their life’s journey. This next lesson was for the religious leaders and those connected to the priesthood in Jerusalem.
Preparing to enter the Temple
As Yeshua entered the city, with the author of the fourth Gospel, to worship on Shabbat, the day before the festival of Shavu‘ot, He walked to the northern wall of the Temple to enter by the Sheep Gate. This was where they brought the sheep into the temple for sacrifices. (3) (4) Nehemiah 3:1 records Eliashib the high priest and his fellow priests rebuilding the Sheep Gate and dedicating it as part of the first construct of this second Temple.
Before going into the Temple Yeshua, like multitudes of other pilgrims, took a detour through the Pool of Beit-Zata (Bethesda – which means “House of Mercy”). Archaeological evidence shows a large pool shaped like a trapezoid, varying from 50 to 60 meters wide and 96 meters long, divided into two pools by a central partition. As way typical in the construction of many Mikvah of that time, the northern pool was a large water storage to ensure a flow of fresh, clean water into the Mikvah. The southern pool (that closest to the temple and lowest down) had broad steps with landings, indicating that it was a Mikvah for ritual purification.
In Yeshua’s day the Oral Law required every Jew to engage in ritual immersion in a Mikvah to become ceremonially pure before entering the holy Temple. (5) (6) (7) With his expansions of the Temple, Herod had also built several large public Mikvah in Jerusalem for the pilgrims to use in their preparation for entering the Temple. The Pool of Beit-Zata was one of the public mikvah in Jerusalem used for this purpose. Yeshua was not in rebellion against the Oral Law, and fulfilled the requirements of His community until, and unless, they were in contradiction to His Father’s direction.
Yeshua noticed one who was ignored…
After this, there was a Judean festival; and Yeshua went up to Yerushalayim. In Yerushalayim, by the Sheep Gate, is a pool called in Aramaic, Beit-Zata, in which lay a crowd of invalids — blind, lame, crippled. One man was there who had been ill for thirty-eight years.
Yeshua, seeing this man and knowing that he had been there a long time, said to him, “Do you want to be healed?” John 5:1-6 CJB
Of all the multitude going through the waters of this Mikvah for purification, and all the crowd of invalids hoping for healing in this “House of Mercy”, one man caught Yeshua’s attention. No explanation is given for why God chose to touch this man alone, except that he had been there a long time. He had been there for longer than Yeshua had been incarnate on the earth. As a Torah fulfilling Jew, Yeshua had likely immersed there, or in one of the other public mikvah’s in Jerusalem, every time He entered the Temple for each of the pilgrimage festivals every year, from the time of that first Passover as a ‘spiritual adult man’ when he was twelve years old. Each year Yeshua would immerse in the Mikvah then enter the Temple through the sheep gate to offer the prescribed sacrifices, knowing that the day would come when He would be the sacrifice. Festival after festival, year after year, He had seen this man lying near the edge of this mikvah hoping for a miracle but convinced that he was unable to receive such. Yeshua had noticed him. He notices the ones that everyone else just walks past.
This man that no one seemed to care about or notice, this man who was convinced that he had no one to help him, all those years Yeshua had noticed him. He knew this man had been there a long time because He had taken note of him, festival after festival, year after year. Just as God was not blind to Israel’s suffering under Egyptian slavery all through the years that Moses was a child and young man, so Yeshua was not blind to this man’s suffering all those years until He was endowed with power and at last heard His Father say “now”. His compassion had been stirred and now that He was walking in the power of the Holy Spirit, now that His time had come, He did something about it. A powerful lesson for those connected to the priesthood who were being discipled by Him.
The place would have been abuzz with religious leaders declaring the prescribed blessing on each one of the thousands who came to be immersed so they could be considered pure enough to enter the holy Temple. But this man had no one to help him. None of them considered assisting this invalid to be part of their religious duty. He had been left in helplessness, until Yeshua arrived.
Healing that challenged their laws…
The sick man answered, “I have no one to put me in the pool when the water is disturbed; and while I’m trying to get there, someone goes in ahead of me.”
Yeshua said to him, “Get up, pick up your mat and walk!”
Immediately the man was healed, and he picked up his mat and walked. John 5:7-9a CJB
Suddenly all that changed. Yeshua spoke. His words carried an authority the man had never heard before. They carried life and health and strength. Immediately, unexpectedly, he was healed – so he obeyed Messiah’s command, picked up his mat and walked.
Yeshua knew how to stir up trouble. He knew how to set things up so that the religious facade would be peeled away, and men’s hearts would be exposed. He had just done so in His conservative religious hometown of Nazareth, and now He was going to do it in the religious capital of His people, Jerusalem. If He had simply healed the man no one would have noticed or cared, the multitudes were all too busy getting themselves ready to enter the holy temple and fulfil their religious duty. So He gave the man an instruction that would capture the attention and stir up the ire of those who exercised religious authority in this place. It was Shabbat and Yeshua had told him to “pick up your mat and walk.”
Now that day was Shabbat, so the Judeans said to the man who had been healed, “It’s Shabbat! It’s against Torah for you to carry your mat!”
But he answered them, “The man who healed me — he’s the one who told me, ‘Pick up your mat and walk.’”
They asked him, “Who is the man who told you to pick it up and walk?”
But the man who had been healed didn’t know who it was, because Yeshua had slipped away into the crowd. John 5:9b-13 CJB
It is interesting that Yeshua had noticed this man all these years but the man had not noticed the Son of God until he was healed by Him. Even then, he had been too self-focused to notice who it was, or to ask. It took the religious leader’s accusations to motivate him to wonder who it was that had healed him.
Again, we have the Jewish religious authorities equating their rules with Torah. Like people now who equate their doctrines with the Word of God. As far as they were concerned, anyone who did not agree with their interpretations and their laws was a heretic and a law breaker.
There were many different Judaisms at this time, different schools of thought or ‘denominations’, just as there are many different Christian denominations now, each of which was convinced that they were the only ones who had the true knowledge and practice of the Torah. There were Sadducees whose focus was on the temple worship. There were Essenes who were so disgusted with the political manoeuvring and wealth seeking of the High Priests and ruling class that they refused to have anything to do with the temple worship. There were several different schools of Pharisees each of which was building their own particular set of rules to be a fence around the Torah to keep the people obedient to God.
As we have seen, the dominant group of Pharisees at that time had designated thirty-nine categories of work that were forbidden on Shabbat. In addition, they prohibited even coming into contact with any implement that could be used for any of those purposes (for example, one may not even touch a hammer or writing implement on Shabbat). The thirty-ninth category of forbidden activity was: Transferring Between Domains / Carrying (Hebrew: הוצאה Hotza’ah). This law of theirs forbids transferring (carrying) something from one domain type to another domain type, or transferring within a public thoroughfare. Carrying a mat in the public domain of the Pool of Beit-Zata was therefore illegal according to their man-made law, and there were plenty of pharisaic religious leaders down at that pool to pronounce judgment on such. To their mind, any man who would tell a Jew to carry a mat in a public domain in Shabbat was a heretic and lawbreaker.
For the last 38 years they had failed to notice this man fading away, a lone invalid losing any hope. Now they noticed him carrying his mat and pounced to condemn him. In this “House of Mercy” they showed no mercy or empathy. No rejoicing in the wonderful miracle of God that had just taken place in their midst. They cared not that an invalid had been healed, only that some ‘heretic’ had told him to carry his mat on Shabbat.
Yeshua had not stayed around for this nonsense. He had continued on with the freshly immersed crowd pulsing out of the Beit-Zata (House of Mercy) pool and into the Temple through the Sheep Gate.
Persuaded of the need to leave his mat behind, the healed man now walked into the waters of the Mikvah and immersed himself to prepare for entering the Temple that he had been waiting just outside of for all these decades.
Afterwards Yeshua found him in the Temple court and said to him,
“See, you are well! Now stop sinning, or something worse may happen to you!”
The man went off and told the Judeans it was Yeshua who had healed him; and on account of this, the Judeans began harassing (Gk: diōkō) Yeshua because he did these things on Shabbat. John 5:14-16 CJB
Greek: diōkō = aggressively chase, like a hunter pursues a catch. It means “to run swiftly in order to catch some person or thing, to run after, pursue,” and refers to molesting (harassing) someone – “wanting to overtake,” “hunt them down“, ie to oppress and zealously persecute. This is what the religious leaders began doing to Yeshua. They were more sophisticated, and so did it more subtly than their Nazarene counterparts who had tried forcing him over the cliffs, but their intent was the same.
Teaching that challenged their doctrines…
Here, in the very Temple precincts, the place set aside to be holy unto God, set aside for worship, these men were more concerned that their rules had been breached than honouring God who had just performed a wondrous miracle in showing mercy to a man lying in the place they had called the “House of Mercy”. Instead of praising God they were harassing Him for operating outside their box and threatening their theology. Yeshua went on to threaten it some more as He engaged in the Jewish worship of teaching them the truth of God and His Torah.
But he answered them, “My Father has been working until now, and I too am working.” John 5:17 CJB
Yeshua lived at a time when sectarianism was rife, with major tensions among Jews over how to interpret Torah. He did not shy away from stepping right into the thick of this debate. Shabbat was one of those hotly contested areas. Not only in the practical living of it, which prominent religious leaders were codifying in the forbidding of those 39 categories of ‘creative work’, but also in the theology behind it. The apparent contradiction between God resting on the seventh day (Genesis 2:2, Exodus 20:11 & 31:17) and His continual work sustaining creation, caring for His people (Psalm 68:19, Psalm 121:2-8, Isaiah 56:24) and directing history, ignited all sorts of heated discussions. Some Jewish theology focused on God resting on Shabbat, while others focused on His permanent nature as creator.
For the religious leaders who were seeking to hunt Yeshua down there was a profound concept of imitation dei – the imitation of God – in association with the keeping of Shabbat according to their rules. For them, God needed a rest on the seventh day and totally ceased from all creative works on this day. Therefor, to be like God we must likewise totally cease from all the works they have forbidden on this day. Yeshua challenged this head on, associating His work of healing the crippled man on Shabbat with the never ceasing work of the Father – this was His imitation dei, doing good to others and delivering them on every day. While this was contrary to the theology of those attacking Him, it was not outside the theology of many Jews of His day.
There was a current of Jewish thought that empathized God’s unceasing work. The Jewish philosopher Philo, who was about 20yrs older than Yeshua, had written: “that God never ceases to create, nor takes a holiday from His works”, and again: “as it is the property of fire to burn, and of snow to chill, so also it is the property of God to be creating.” Some argued that God’s providence remained active on Shabbat, for otherwise the universe would cease to exist. God ceased from His work of creating the world, but not from His work of moral judgment. Others contended that God both endows children with human souls and brings them into covenant relationship with Himself on Shabbat, as children are born on Shabbat and the Torah commands them to be circumcised on the eighth day even when it is Shabbat. Also strongly woven into the concept of Shabbat was the theme of God’s deliverance from bondage and slavery (Deuteronomy 5:14–15), yet they could not rejoice in this lame man’s deliverance.
It is good to keep the commandments of God. It is good to study God’s word and to seek to gain a greater understanding of what He desires of us. It is good to search out what it means to live in accordance with God’s word. All these things the Jewish religious leaders had been doing for generations. But they had taken it one step further, and that step put them in conflict with God Himself. They had concluded that their understanding, their opinions, their practices and traditions, were God’s law and therefor had to be embraced and obeyed by all. So, when the Son of God came and lived out the fullness of God’s law in God’s way, they accused Him of being a law breaker. When the Son of God came and spoke the truth of the nature and will of God to them, they accused Him of being a heretic and blasphemer.
Yeshua as Son of God
In His one simple sentence, ““My Father has been working until now, and I too am working,” Yeshua not only stated His theological position on Shabbat, He asserted His credentials for being the One to establish theological positions “My Father…”
This answer made the Judeans all the more intent on killing Him — not only was He breaking Shabbat; … John 5:18a CJB
How seriously wrong we can get it when we start making up doctrines for everything, devising our own set of rules for what others must believe and do. The one man who walked this earth without sin, perfectly fulfilling all God’s law, being accused of breaking the fourth commandment because He didn’t keep it the way they thought it should be kept. God Himself being rejected because they had made His law into something that He never intended it to be.
…but also, by saying that God was His own Father, He was claiming equality with God. John 5:18b CJB
It was not that referring to God as their Father was foreign to Judaism. In speaking to the religious leaders Yeshua used their own language, and concepts that would have been very familiar to them from the scriptures, but He endowed these concepts with new meanings. Last time He was in Jerusalem, Yeshua had spoken to Nicodemus at length on the Jewish religious concept of being ‘born again’. This time His long discourse was on being the Son of God.
Israel is referred to as God’s son in the Tanakh (Jewish Scriptures):
Then you are to tell Pharaoh: ‘Adonai says, “Isra’el is my firstborn son. I have told you to let my son go in order to worship me… Exodus 4:22-23a CJB
There you saw how the LORD your God carried you, as a father carries his son… Deuteronomy 1:31 NIV
Think deeply about it: Adonai was disciplining you, just as a man disciplines his child. So obey the mitzvot (law) of Adonai your God, living as He directs and fearing Him. Deuteronomy 8:5-6 CJB
You are the children of the LORD your God… Deuteronomy 14:1a NIV
For You are our father, for Abraham did not know us, neither did Israel recognize us; You, O [YHWH], are our father; our redeemer of old is your name. Isaiah 63:16 JP
…In the place where it was said to them, “You are not my people”, they will be called “sons of the living God.” Hosea 1:10 NIV
“When Israel was a child, I loved him, and out of Egypt I called My son. But the more I called Israel, the further they went from Me… Hosea 11:1-2 NIV
…the LORD disciplines those he loves, as a father the son he delights in. Proverbs 3:12 NIV
… because I am Israel’s Father, and Ephraim is my firstborn son. … Is not Ephraim my dear son, the child in whom I delight? Though I often speak against him, I still remember him. Therefore my heart yearns for him; I have great compassion for him,” declares the LORD. Jeremiah 31:9, 20 NIV
“A son honours his father, and a servant his master. If I am a father, where is the honour due me? If I am a master, where is the respect due me?” says the LORD Almighty. “It is you, O priests, who show contempt for my name…” Malachi 1:6 NIV
God of armies, please come back! Look from heaven, see, and tend this vine! Protect what your right hand planted, the son you made strong for yourself. Psalm 80:14-15 CJB
The Jewish sages understood corporate, collective sonship. They could relate to the metaphor of God choosing to be a father to their nation, and of their moral responsibility in return, of honouring and obeying Him as a son is to honour and obey his father. (13) (14) (15) What they would not abide was Yeshua’s claim of a personal sonship that identified Him as one with His Father, as one with God Himself, and as reflecting the moral nature of God in perfect fulfilment of all the Torah.
Yet, in these times when Messianic hope was strong, the sages had seen the Psalms as portraying a Messiah who would be the Son of God, one who had focused within Himself Israel’s moral relationship to God. The Targum on Psalm 80:16 “the son that though madest strong for thyself” interprets the son as “the king Messiah”. There was already an understanding in Jewish expectations of their Messiah, from Psalms 2 and 89, that He would be a chosen Son of God, king and anointed one.
“I will proclaim the decree: Adonai said to me, ‘You are my son;
today I became your father. Ask of me, and I will make the nations your inheritance; the whole wide world will be your possession. Psalm 2:7-8 CJB
He will call to me, ‘You are my father, my God, the Rock of my salvation.’ I will give him the position of firstborn, the highest of the kings of the earth. I will keep my grace for him forever, and in my covenant be faithful with him. I will establish his dynasty forever, and his throne as long as the heavens last. Psalm 89:26-29 CJB
The coming of the Son of God, the King messiah, was the hope so many in Israel had been clinging to. This was the hope many of the Pharisees had taught them. But they were so caught up in their own rules and regulations, in their own teachings and doctrines, that they could not recognise Him when He came.
Relationship between the Father and the Son
There was so much that Yeshua wanted to explain to these religious leaders. There was so much that He thought they should already know with all their study of scripture and all that Yochanan the Immerser had proclaimed. He was not just uniquely the only begotten Son of God, He was also the embodiment of what God had been calling Israel to be as His son. For these “teachers of the Torah” in the Temple Yeshua had long and detailed explanations:
Therefore, Yeshua said this to them:
“Yes, indeed! I tell you that the Son cannot do anything on His own, but only what He sees the Father doing; whatever the Father does, the Son does too. For the Father loves the Son and shows Him everything He does; and He will show Him even greater things than these, so that you will be amazed. Just as the Father raises the dead and makes them alive, so too the Son makes alive anyone He wants. The Father does not judge anyone but has entrusted all judgment to the Son, so that all may honour the Son as they honour the Father. Whoever fails to honour the Son is not honouring the Father who sent Him.
“Yes, indeed! I tell you that whoever hears what I am saying and trusts the One who sent me has eternal life — that is, he will not come up for judgment but has already crossed over from death to life!
“Yes, indeed! I tell you that there is coming a time — in fact, it’s already here — when the dead will hear the voice of the Son of God, and those who listen will come to life. For just as the Father has life in Himself, so He has given the Son life to have in Himself. Also He has given Him authority to execute judgment, because He is the Son of Man. Don’t be surprised at this; because the time is coming when all who are in the grave will hear his voice and come out — those who have done good to a resurrection of life, and those who have done evil to a resurrection of judgment.
“I can’t do a thing on My own. As I hear, I judge; and My judgment is right; because I don’t seek My own desire, but the desire of the One who sent Me.
“If I testify on My own behalf, My testimony is not valid. But there is Someone else testifying on My behalf, and I know that the testimony He is making is valid — you have sent to Yochanan, and he has testified to the truth. Not that I collect human testimony; rather, I say these things so that you might be saved. He was a lamp burning and shining, and for a little while you were willing to bask in his light. But I have a testimony that is greater than Yochanan’s. For the things the Father has given Me to do, the very things I am doing now, testify on My behalf that the Father has sent Me.
“In addition, the Father who sent Me has Himself testified on My behalf. But you have never heard His voice or seen His shape; moreover, His word does not stay in you, because you don’t trust the One He sent. You keep examining the Tanakh (Old Testament) because you think that in it you have eternal life. Those very Scriptures bear witness to Me, but you won’t come to Me in order to have life!
“I don’t collect praise from men, but I do know you people — I know that you have no love for God in you! I have come in My Father’s name, and you don’t accept Me; if someone else comes in his own name, him you will accept. How can you trust? You’re busy collecting praise from each other, instead of seeking praise from God only.
“But don’t think that it is I who will be your accuser before the Father. Do you know who will accuse you? Moshe (Moses), the very one you have counted on! For if you really believed Moshe, you would believe Me; because it was about Me that he wrote. But if you don’t believe what he wrote, how are you going to believe what I say?” John 5:19-47 CJB
The whole focus and purpose of Moshe’s writings…
Shavu‘ot (Feast of Weeks) was the pilgrimage festival at which the giving of the Torah to Moshe (Law of Moses) was celebrated. It was at this festival that Yeshua stated “if you really believed Moshe, you would believe Me; because it was about Me that he wrote” to the religious leaders policing “obedience to Moshe”.
Back in John 1:45, we saw Philip exclaime to Nathanael: “We’ve found the one that Moshe wrote about in the Torah, and about whom the prophets also wrote…” Now Yeshua was trying to teach these very learned men what the young Philip had instinctively grasped.
The Jewish leaders saw the Torah as being about their nation, but Yeshua stated that it was about Him that Moses wrote. This is not just a proof scripture here or there, although there are plenty of these, this is concerning the whole focus of the first five books of the Bible, the writings that these religious leaders claimed to honour above all else, and to be the experts on. Messiah, God manifesting Himself in a form that human eyes could see and coming as deliverer, was not just an extra thought added on to the stories of Israel, He was the story, the whole focus and purpose of Moshe’s writings. This was so much bigger than what most were focused on, deliverance from Roman oppression. This was God’s whole purpose since creation. This is what all the Jewish laws and feasts were pointing to. Yeshua – Emmanuel / God with us – God who is Spirit, who is invisible, whom no man can see and live, had made us in His image. As the coming Son of Man, descendant of Eve, He would bruise the serpent’s head even as His heal was bruised. He took on a form that could appear to men throughout the ages until the time came for Him to come as “a prophet like Moses“. Yeshua is He whom everything that Moshe wrote in Torah was pointing to.
Then God said, “Let us make humankind in our image, in the likeness of ourselves…” Genesis 1:26a CJB
Then the man and his wife heard the sound of the LORD God as He was walking in the garden in the cool of the day, and they hid from the LORD God among the trees of the garden… Genesis 3:8
I will put animosity between you and the woman, and between your descendant and her descendant; he will bruise your head, and you will bruise his heel.” Genesis 3:15 CJB
Then the Lord appeared to Abram and said, “To your descendants I will give this land.” And there he built an altar to the Lord, who had appeared to him. Genesis 12:7
When Abram was ninety-nine years old, the Lord appeared to Abram and said to him, “I am Almighty God; walk before Me and be blameless. Genesis 17:1
Then the Lord appeared to him and said: “Do not go down to Egypt; live in the land of which I shall tell you. Genesis 26:2
And the Lord appeared to him the same night and said, “I am the God of your father Abraham; do not fear, for I am with you. I will bless you and multiply your descendants for My servant Abraham’s sake.” Genesis 26:24
And he built an altar there and called the place El Bethel, because there God appeared to him when he fled from the face of his brother. Genesis 35:7
Go and gather the elders of Israel together, and say to them, ‘The Lord God of your fathers, the God of Abraham, of Isaac, and of Jacob, appeared to me, saying, “I have surely visited you and seen what is done to you in Egypt;” Exodus 3:16
God spoke to Moshe; he said to him, “I am Adonai. I appeared to Avraham (Abraham), Yitz’chak (Isaac) and Ya‘akov (Jacob) as El Shaddai, although I did not make myself known to them by my name, Yud-Heh-Vav-Heh [Adonai] Exodus 6:2-3 CJB
“Adonai will raise up for you a prophet like me from among yourselves, from your own kinsmen. You are to pay attention to him, just as when you were assembled at Horev (Horeb / also called Mount Sinai) and requested Adonai your God, ‘Don’t let me hear the voice of Adonai my God any more, or let me see this great fire ever again; if I do, I will die!’
On that occasion Adonai said to me, ‘They are right in what they are saying. I will raise up for them a prophet like you from among their kinsmen. I will put my words in his mouth, and he will tell them everything I order him. Whoever doesn’t listen to my words, which he will speak in my name, will have to account for himself to me. Deuteronomy 18:15-19 CJB
The Jews had long understood that this prophecy in Deuteronomy would one day be fulfilled in a literal way by the coming of a “the Prophet” who would either:
A) come just before Messiah or B) would, in fact, be the Messiah.
That expectation helps explain the dialogue between the Priests and Levites sent from Jerusalem, and Yochanan the Immerser in John 1:19-21. When they asked who he was, he said, “I am not the Messiah.”
“Who are you, then? Are you Elijah?”
“Well, then, are you the Prophet.”
When they said, “the Prophet,” both the delegates from Jerusalem and Yochanan the Immerser understood the reference to be Moshe’s prophecy of Deuteronomy 18. (16)
In describing how “the Prophet” would be like himself, Moshe recalls an experience of his nation that has been memorialized and burned into the Jewish consciousness:
On the morning of the third day, there was thunder, lightning and a thick cloud on the mountain. Then a shofar blast sounded so loudly that all the people in the camp trembled. Moshe brought the people out of the camp to meet God; they stood near the base of the mountain. Mount Sinai was enveloped in smoke, because Adonai descended onto it in fire — its smoke went up like the smoke from a furnace, and the whole mountain shook violently. As the sound of the shofar grew louder and louder, Moshe spoke; and God answered him with a voice. … All the people experienced the thunder, the lightning, the sound of the shofar, and the mountain smoking. When the people saw it, they trembled. Standing at a distance, they said to Moshe, “You, speak with us; and we will listen. But don’t let God speak with us, or we will die.” Exodus 19:16-19, 20:18-19 CJB
Just as Moshe was a mediator between God and the Jewish people, the Messiah would be a mediator between God and man.
For there is one God and one mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus, who gave himself as a ransom for all… 1 Timothy 2:5-6a BSB
Verse 6 in 1 Timothy highlights another way in which Messiah was like Moshe, only more so: “who gave himself as a ransom for all.” While God was giving Moshe the Ten Commandments on the stone tablets Israel was busy breaking all those commandments in their idol worship.
Adonai said to Moshe, “Go down! Hurry! Your people, whom you brought up from the land of Egypt, have become corrupt! So quickly they have turned aside from the way I ordered them to follow! … “I have been watching these people; and you can see how stiffnecked they are. Now leave Me alone, so that My anger can blaze against them, and I can put an end to them! I will make a great nation out of you instead.” Exodus 32:7-10 CJB
First, Moshe interceded for the people:
Moshe pleaded with Adonai his God. He said, “Adonai, why must your anger blaze against your own people, whom you brought out of the land of Egypt with great power and a strong … … Turn from your fierce anger! Relent! Don’t bring such disaster on your people! Remember Avraham, Yitz’chak and Isra’el, your servants, to whom you swore by your very self. You promised them… Adonai then changed his mind about the disaster he had planned for his people. Exodus 32:11-14 CJB
Hebrews 7:25 tells us that Yeshua:
“is able to save to the uttermost those who draw near to God through him, since he always lives to make intercession for them.”
After seeing the horror of what the people had been doing when he was up the mountain with God, Moshe offered his own life—to take the punishment of the people’s sins on himself if God could find no other way to forgive them. He asked God that his life be an expiation for the sins of the people. As a priest he could have made grandiose offerings—thousands of lambs or bulls—but instead he simply offered his own life. Greater love has no man.
Moshe saw that the people had gotten out of control — because Aharon had allowed them to get out of control, to the derision of their enemies — … … The next day Moshe said to the people, “You have committed a terrible sin. Now I will go up to Adonai ; maybe I will be able to atone for your sin.” Moshe went back to Adonai and said, “Please! These people have committed a terrible sin: they have made themselves a god out of gold. Now, if you will just forgive their sin! But if you won’t, then, I beg you, blot me out of your book which you have written!” Exodus 32:25, 30-32 CJB
God did not accept Moshe’s offer. It could not suffice because he was not spotless. Like Moshe, the Messiah would offer His own life – to take the people’s sins on Himself – and His offer for the Jewish people and all mankind was accepted. Moshe led the people to the promised land but was not allowed to enter himself. Messiah is building us a dwelling in the promised land – He is both the pathway to it and the gate of entry. All that Moshe was the shadow of, Messiah would be the fulfilment of. (17)
Although much of contemporary Jewish thought sees this Prophet not as Messiah but only as Joshua who succeeded Moses in leading Israel, in more ancient times when messianic expectations were high, this passage was understood by the Jews to be referring to their coming Messiah. Rabbi Levi Ben Gershon identified the Prophet as Messiah:
“A Prophet from the midst of thee.’ In fact, the Messiah is such a Prophet as it is stated in the Midrash of the verse, ‘Behold my Servant shall prosper’ (Isaiah 52:13).…Moses, by the miracles which he wrought, brought a single nation to the worship of God, but the Messiah will draw all peoples to the worship of God.
The Midrashic passage that Rabbi Levi Ben Gershon cites, referring to Messiah as Prophet, states:
“It is written, Behold, my servant shall deal wisely, He shall be exalted, and extolled, and be very high (Isaiah 52:13). It means, He shall be more exalted than Abraham of whom it is written, ‘I lift up my hand’ (Genesis 14:22). He shall be more extolled than Moses of whom it is said, ‘As a nursing father beareth the nursing child’ (Numbers 11:12). ‘And shall be very high’—that is, Messiah shall be higher than the ministering angels.
Moshe wrote God’s word: “I will put My words in His mouth, and He will tell them everything I order Him.” (Vs18) Yeshua was doing this and they were not wanting to listen, even though Moshe had written God’s instructions: “You must listen to Him” (Vs15). This Prophet Messiah would speak God’s words in God’s name. “ I have come in My Father’s name and you don’t accept Me;” (John 5:43). Moshe had given the people this warning from God: “Whoever doesn’t listen to My words, which He will speak in My name, will have to account for himself to Me.” So Yeshua said to them:
“But don’t think that it is I who will be your accuser before the Father. Do you know who will accuse you? Moshe, the very one you have counted on! For if you really believed Moshe, you would believe Me; because it was about Me that he wrote. But if you don’t believe what he wrote, how are you going to believe what I say?” John 5:45-47 CJB
These religious leaders who were condemning the act of mercy of healing a crippled man were claiming to be defending Torah, but Yeshua knew them better than they knew themselves and here exposed them so they could see the true nature of their hearts, repent and be saved. What a sad indictment on those who claimed to be showing others the way to God: “I know that you have no love for God in you!” (Vs42)
Having fulfilled Torah in Yerushalayim (Jerusalem), Yeshua left them to contemplate His words and returned to the Galilee region, but not to His hometown of Nazareth. Their rejection of Him became someone else’s blessing. Yeshua was moving to the town of His disciples, from whence He would establish the next phase of His ministry. It appears that the author of the fourth Gospel remained in or around Yerushalayim, maybe serving in the temple, for he tells us nothing of this important next phase of Yeshua’s kingdom reformation.
1. Kohn, Rabbi Daniel. What Are Pilgrimage Festivals? My Jewish Learning. [Online] [Cited: 14th November 2019.] https://www.myjewishlearning.com/article/pilgrimage-festivals/.
2. Carlson, Thomas. Exile to Babylon and Diaspora. Department of Religious Studies, University of California, Santa Barbara. [Online] [Cited: 27th Aug 2016.] http://www.religion.ucsb.edu/faculty/thomas/classes/rgst116b/JewishHistory.html.
3. Christ Visits the Sheep Gate. The Gospel Armor. [Online] 20th February 2014. [Cited: 18th November 2019.] http://thegospelarmor.com/john/christ_visits_the_sheep_gate_john-5_1-2.
4. Wilson, Dr. Ralph F. Healing at the pool of Bethesda. Jesus Walk. [Online] [Cited: 18th Novmber 2019.] http://www.jesuswalk.com/john/11_bethesda.htm.
5. Slonim, Rivkah. The Mikvah. The Jewish Woman. [Online] [Cited: 18th November 2019.] https://www.chabad.org/theJewishWoman/article_cdo/aid/1541/jewish/The-Mikvah.htm.
6. Lamm, Rabbi Maurice. The Mikveh’s Significance in Traditional Conversion. My Jewish Learning. [Online] [Cited: 18th November 2019.] https://www.myjewishlearning.com/article/why-immerse-in-the-mikveh/.
7. Friedlander, Marty. Why Jews Immerse in the Mikveh. Haaretz. [Online] 1st November 2015. [Cited: 18th November 2019.] https://www.haaretz.com/jewish/why-jews-immerse-in-the-mikveh-1.5416019.
8. Encyclopedia Judaica. Shabbat: What is Shabbat? Jewish Virtual Library. [Online] [Cited: 24th November 2019.] https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/what-is-shabbat-jewish-sabbath.
9. MJL. The Significance of Shabbat. My Jewish Learning. [Online] [Cited: 24th November 2019.] https://www.myjewishlearning.com/article/shabbat-themes-and-theology/.
10. Young. The Works of Philo. Early Christian Writings. [Online] [Cited: 28th November 2019.] http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/yonge/book2.html.
11. Sadananda, Daniel Rathnakara. The Johannine Exegesis of God: An Exploration into the Johannine Understanding of God. New York : Walter de Gruyter, 2014.
12. Lizorkin-Eyzenberg, Eliyahu. The Jewish Gospel of John: Discovering Jesus, King of All Israel. s.l. : Jewish New Testament, 2015.
13. Thompson, Marianne Meye. The Promis of the Father: Jesus and God in the New Testament. 2000.
14. Huntress, Erminie. “Son of God” in Jewish Writings Prior to the Christian Era. 2, s.l. : The Society of Biblical Literature, June 1935, Journal of Biblical Literature, Vol. 54, pp. Pp. 117-123. 10.2307/3259680.
15. Goshen-Gottstein, Alon. God the Father in Rabbinic Judaism and Christianity: Transformed Background or Common Ground? Jewish Christian Relations | Articles | Scholarly Contributions. [Online] 30th September 2003. [Cited: 29th November 2019.] http://www.jcrelations.net/God+the+Father+in+Rabbinic+Judaism+and+Christianity%3A+Transformed+Background+or+Common+Ground%3F.2771.0.html?L=3.
16. Pritchard, Ray. A Prophet Like Moses. Keep Believing Ministries. [Online] 8th December 2008. [Cited: 30th November 2019.] http://www.keepbelieving.com/sermon/a-prophet-like-moses/.
17. Rosen, Moishe. A Prophet Like Unto Moses. Jews for Jesus. [Online] [Cited: 2nd December 2019.] https://jewsforjesus.org/publications/issues/issues-v11-n04/a-prophet-like-unto-moses/.
In the comments section below share your thoughts on what you have read and answer some of the following questions…
* Compare the Jewish pilgrimage festivals with the festivals in your culture.
* Compare the preparations undertaken to enter the temple with any preparations undertaken to enter your church.
* How do we become clean and pure before God?
* What laws has your church or denomination made out of what scripture teaches?
* What traditions and customs have been established in your community, church or denomination?
* If Jesus was walking in your community today how do you think He would respond to your religious laws and customs?
* The crippled man appears to have been totally focused on himself, yet Jesus healed him anyway. Did he do anything to earn his healing or to attract Jesus to him to heal him?
* How would you describe God’s mercy? | <urn:uuid:d958d91c-c0c1-4945-821e-348502d40caa> | {
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THERE’S MORE THAN HER HEART AT STAKE. . . .As the only human to survive vampire infection, Milagro de Los Santos has become quite a celebrity among the blood-drinking elite. Too bad the perks of her condition—increased strength, super-fast healing—don’t pay her condo fees. There are other...
THERE’S MORE THAN HER HEART AT STAKE. . . .As the only human to survive vampire infection, Milagro de Los Santos has become quite a celebrity among the blood-drinking elite. Too bad the perks of her condition—increased strength, super-fast healing—don’t pay her condo fees. There are other complications too. She’s feeling guilty about her fling with enigmatic Vampire Council member Ian Ducharme, and pining for her ex-fiancé, Dr. Oswald Grant . . . the fabulous man whose kiss changed her life. It’s when Milagro—irked by Ian’s attentions to his neighbor—travels to London and enjoys a sexy flirtation of her own, that the blood really hits the fan. Suddenly, those around her are dying gruesome deaths and Milagro’s being interrogated. Who would kill to set her up as a murder suspect? Milagro just wants to turn back the clock and have another chance to make things right, but no sooner has she escaped to Oswald’s ranch than an accident obliterates her memory. Will the murderer come after her now? And will amnesia spark a romantic do-over with Oswald—or will she make all the same mistakes before she ever gets to say "I do"?
Publish date: September 28th 2010
Publisher: Gallery Books
Pages no: 320
Edition language: English
Series: Casa Dracula (#4)
This is the end and I am sad, but at the same time I am very happy because it was truly the end I wanted.Milagros is now with Ian but things are still not great. She can't seem to find her place, and she still thinks about Oswald. Oh yes Oswald, the hot but for me boring wasp vampire. So not for our...
Full Review Featured on Parajunkee.comFirst off, I have to say that I haven't read any of the Casa Dracula series books, which I think is probably why I didn't enjoy this as much as I should have. While the book could be a stand alone - I think I would have enjoyed it much more if I would have read ...
I feel like I am about to write a eulogy since I have just discover that this is the final book about Milagro. Marta Acosta is one of the best paranormal writers I have ever read and will sadly mourn the passing of the Casa Dracula series. Fortunately, the books survive the series' demise and you ...
Ian Ducharme's new neighbours desperately want to be thralls to vampires, and the Lord doesn't seem to be doing anything to dissuade them. His lover, Milagro de Los Santos, is fed up and breaks off their relationship. It's an apt time to jet off for London, to negotiate writing a second "fauxoir" an... | <urn:uuid:882b4323-4c03-476e-ba61-2dde58ccee06> | {
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Effective Date: June 16, 2016
You Accept These Terms
Each time you access and/or use the Services, you agree to these Terms. More Info
Services are Provided “As Is”
We provide the Services “As Is” and we make no representations for quality, effectiveness and availability of the Services. More Info.
Limitation of Liability
Our liability to you is limited. More Info
Arbitration of All Disputes; No Class Actions
Any disputes under these Terms will be resolved on an individual basis through binding arbitration; you waive participation in class actions. More Info
Questions about our Terms may be sent to: Buffalo Lodging Associates, LLC, 3000 Davenport Avenue, Suite 101, Canton, MA 02021. More Info
Effective Date: June 16, 2016
1. ACCEPTANCE OF TERMS
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Updates to Terms
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Links to Third Party Services
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You agree to comply with all applicable laws, rules, and regulations and agree not to:
- collect, use, share or transfer any information available on the Services except as expressly permitted by these Terms, or by the owner of such information;
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All comments, feedback or materials submitted by you to us, including feedback, testimonials, images, reviews, questions, comments, suggestions or ideas (collectively, “Feedback”), is received and treated by us on a non-confidential and unrestricted basis. Buffalo Lodging is free to use, display, perform, distribute, copy, adapt, and promote the Feedback in any way, without compensation to you. You agree that in submitting Feedback, it will not violate any right of any third party, including any confidentiality, copyright, trademark, privacy or other personal or intellectual property or proprietary rights, and will not cause injury to any person or entity or contain libelous or otherwise unlawful, threatening, abusive or obscene material, or contain viruses, commercial solicitations, or any form of “spam”.
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If you are a California resident, you hereby waive California Civil Code Section 1542 (and any similar provision in any other jurisdiction) which states: “A general release does not extend to claims which the creditor does not know or suspect to exist in his or her favor at the time of executing the release, which, if known by him or her must have materially affected his or her settlement with the debtor.”
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5. DISPUTE RESOLUTION FOR US RESIDENTS
These Terms will be governed, construed, and enforced in accordance with the laws of the State of New York, without regard to its conflict of laws rules except that the arbitration provision will be governed by the Federal Arbitration Act as stated herein.
Resolution of Any Dispute
In the event a dispute arises between you and Buffalo Lodging, we want to provide you with an efficient, neutral and cost-effective means of resolving the dispute. Most customer concerns can be resolved quickly and to the customer’s satisfaction by contacting our customer care at 718-344-4435 or writing us at 3000 Davenport Avenue, Suite 101, Canton, MA 02021. If, however, there is an issue that needs to be resolved, the following provisions of this Section 5 describe how both of us will proceed.
Limitation of Legal Remedies
If there is a dispute that remains unresolved, INSTEAD OF SUING IN COURT, YOU AND BUFFALO LODGING EACH AGREE TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW TO ARBITRATE DISPUTES THROUGH BINDING ARBITRATION PURSUANT TO THE JAMS ARBITRATION RULES AND PROCEDURES, ON AN INDIVIDUAL BASIS, WITHOUT CLASS RELIEF, EXCEPT FOR DISPUTES PERTAINING TO BUFFALO LODGING’S INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS; STATUTORY CLAIMS THAT PURSUANT TO LAW ARE NOT ARBITRABLE; INDEMNIFICATION; CONTRIBUTION; INTERPLEADER; OR INJUNCTIVE RELIEF ARISING OUT OF A CLAIM. This agreement to arbitrate is intended to be broadly interpreted. It includes claims based in contract, tort, statute, fraud, misrepresentation or any other legal theory (“Claim(s)”). The arbitrator’s decision and award is final and binding, with some exceptions under the Federal Arbitration Act, 9 U.S.C. 1, et seq., and judgment on the award may be entered in any court with jurisdiction.
Jury Trial Waiver
YOU AND BUFFALO LODGING EACH VOLUNTARILY WAIVE THE RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY IN RESOLVING ANY DISPUTE BETWEEN US ARISING OUT OF THESE TERMS OR THE SERVICES.
Class Action Waiver
YOU AND BUFFALO LODGING EACH AGREE THAT CLAIMS AGAINST THE OTHER MAY ONLY BE BROUGHT IN AN INDIVIDUAL CAPACITY AND NOT IN A CLASS ACTION OR REPRESENTATIVE PROCEEDING. All arbitrations under these Terms must be conducted on an individual (and not a class-wide) basis, and an arbitrator will have no authority to award class-wide relief. You acknowledge and agree that these Terms specifically prohibit you from commencing any legal proceedings as a representative of others, participating in a class, representative, or collective action as a class representative, class member or an opt-in party, acting as a private attorney general, or joining or consolidating Claims with claims or proceedings brought by any other person (“Class Action Waiver”).
A party who intends to seek arbitration must first send to the other a written Notice of Dispute describing the nature and basis of the Claim and setting forth the specific relief sought (a “Notice”). All Notices to Buffalo Lodging must be sent to the following address: 3000 Davenport Avenue, Suite 101, Canton, MA 02021. All notices to you will be sent to the email or street address provided via the Contact page on the Site or in your account, if available. Upon receipt of such Notice, the receiving party will have a 60 day period in which it may satisfy the Claim against it by fully curing the Claim, providing all the relief requested in the Notice, or entering into a settlement to resolve the Claim to the mutual satisfaction of the parties. After the expiration of such 60 day cure period, you or Buffalo Lodging may commence an arbitration proceeding. Unless otherwise agreed to by you and Buffalo Lodging in writing, the arbitration will be governed and conducted by JAMS before a single arbitrator with substantial experience in the internet industry and will follow substantive law in adjudicating the dispute, except that this section will be construed as a written agreement to arbitrate pursuant to the Federal Arbitration Act (“FAA”). You and Buffalo Lodging agree that this section satisfies the writing requirement of the FAA. The arbitration of any claim will be conducted in the State of New York for any non-frivolous claim that does not exceed $10,000.00, you will have the choice as to whether the hearing is conducted in person or by telephone. Each party will pay the fees and costs of its own counsel, experts and witnesses. The JAMS rules are available on its website at www.jamsadr.com. To the extent that this dispute resolution section conflicts with JAMS minimum standards for procedural fairness, the JAMS rules and/or minimum standards for arbitration procedures in that regard will control. Neither party will sue the other party other than as provided herein or for enforcement of this clause or for the arbitrator’s award; and any such suit may be brought only in Federal District Court or, if any such court lacks jurisdiction, in any state court that has jurisdiction. The arbitrator, and not any federal, state, or local court, will have exclusive authority to resolve any dispute relating to the interpretation, applicability, unconscionability, arbitrability or enforceability of these Terms including any claim that all or any part of these Terms are void or voidable. However, the preceding sentence will not apply to the clause entitled “Class Action Waiver”.
All parties, including related third parties, will retain the right to seek adjudication in a small claims tribunal for disputes within the scope of such tribunal’s jurisdiction. Any dispute, which cannot be adjudicated within the jurisdiction of a small claims tribunal, will be resolved by binding arbitration, with the exception of any Claim or action for indemnification, contribution, interpleader, or injunctive relief arising out of a Claim, which Claims or actions will not be subject to arbitration. Any appeal of a judgment from a small claims tribunal will be resolved by binding arbitration.
6. DISPUTE RESOLUTION FOR NON-US RESIDENTS
If any controversy, allegation, or claim (including any non-contractual claim) arises out of or relates to the Services or Terms and you are a non-U.S. resident, then you and we agree to send a written notice to the other providing a reasonable description of the dispute, along with a proposed resolution of it. Our notice to you will be sent to you based on the most recent contact information that you provide us but if no such information exists or if such information is not current, then we have no obligation under this section. Your notice to us must be sent to us at 3000 Davenport Avenue, Suite 101, Canton, MA 02021.For a period of 60 days from the date of receipt of notice from the other party, Buffalo Lodging and you will engage in a dialogue in order to attempt to resolve the dispute, though nothing will require either you or Buffalo Lodging to resolve the dispute on terms either you or Buffalo Lodging, in each of our sole discretion, are unsatisfactory. Nothing in this section will prevent a party from pursuing their claims in court or another complaint process.
7. GENERAL PROVISIONS
You must be at least 18 years old or the age of majority in your state or country of residence, whichever is older, to use the Services.
The Services are controlled and operated by Buffalo Lodging from its offices within the United States. Buffalo Lodging makes no representation that the Services are appropriate or available for use in other locations, and access to such materials or use of the Services from territories where their contents are illegal is prohibited. Those who choose to access the Services from other locations do so on their own initiative and are responsible for compliance with applicable local laws.
Buffalo Lodging may give notice to you by means of a general notice on the Services, by electronic mail to your e-mail address in our records, or by written communication sent by first class mail, postage prepaid, or overnight courier to your address on record.
All notices given by you, whether or not required under these Terms, will be faxed to718-344-4438; or sent to us by receipted mail or courier at:
Buffalo Lodging Associates, LLC
3000 Davenport Avenue, Suite 101
Canton, MA 02021
Any notices that you provide without compliance with this section will have no legal effect.
The failure of Buffalo Lodging to partially or fully exercise any rights of these Terms, or the waiver of Buffalo Lodging of any breach of these Terms by you, will not prevent a subsequent exercise of such rights by Buffalo Lodging or be deemed a waiver by Buffalo Lodging of any subsequent breach by you of the same or any other condition of these Terms. The rights and remedies of Buffalo Lodging under these Terms, its policies, and any other applicable agreement between you and Buffalo Lodging will be cumulative, and the exercise of any such right or remedy will not limit Buffalo Lodging’s right to exercise any other right or remedy.
If any part of these Terms is determined to be unlawful, invalid, void or unenforceable (“Unenforceable”), such provision will be ineffective only to the extent that it is found Unenforceable, and the remainder of the provision and all other terms will remain fully enforceable except that should the provision on Class Action Waiver for any Claims, as provided in Section 5, be found to be Unenforceable by a court of law, then the provision to arbitrate in Section 5 will no longer apply.
The provisions of Sections 5 and 6 (Dispute Resolution), 4 (Disclaimers of Warranty and Liability) and 7 General Provisions) will survive the termination of these Terms.
Headings in these Terms are for convenience of reference only and will not affect the interpretation or construction of these Terms.
Third Party Beneficiaries
These Terms do not create third party beneficiary rights enforceable by third parties.
These Terms, and the policies incorporated herein, are the entire agreement between you and Buffalo Lodging. They supersede any and all prior or contemporaneous agreements between you and Buffalo Lodging relating to your use of the Services.
Please contact customer service at 718-344-4435 or write to us at: 3000 Davenport Avenue, Suite 101, Canton, MA 02021, if you have any questions about these Terms.
Copyright © 2016, Buffalo Lodging Associates, LLC. All rights reserved | <urn:uuid:caf17980-522b-44e7-86d0-f5c89d4f1601> | {
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The concept of putting big motors in midsize coupes spawned the Supercar or Musclecar era – 1960s-1970s – in the U.S. Mercedes-Benz refined the genre in 1988 with ‘The Hammer’, followed by E-CLASS: MERCEDES-AMG SUPER COUPES.
For more than three decades, sporty coupes have been among the top performers at Mercedes-AMG. It all began with the 300 CE 6.0 launched in 1988, which combined two talents previously considered incompatible: super-sporty driving dynamics and high everyday practicality. The Hammer, as its fans reverently called it in the U.S., was a significant milestone for AMG on its way to becoming today’s performance and sports car brand. In the 1990s, the E 36 AMG and CLK 55 AMG continued this success story of AMG Coupes. The CLK 63 AMG Black Series furthered the line in 2007, which was based on the then Official F1TM safety car from AMG, and brought thoroughbred racing technology to the road. With the new E 53 Coupe, Mercedes-AMG takes the next step in the premium sports coupe segment.
1988 – 300 CE 6.0 AMG “The Hammer”: Super sports car with high everyday suitability
The Mercedes-Benz 300 E became a legend in 1988 as the 5.6 AMG and, thanks to its powerful 5.6-liter V8 engine with 360 horsepower and aerodynamic fine-tuning, it surpassed the magical top speed mark of 300 km/h (186 mph). American fans reverentially christened the powerful AMG vehicle “The Hammer,” due in no small part to its performance credentials, such as its 376 pound-feet of torque, a monumental figure for the time. This was the first time that the performance of a thoroughbred super sports car was combined with typical Mercedes high suitability for everyday use. A particularly striking model of this period was “The Hammer” Coupe 300 CE 6.0, in the wide body version with a further increase in displacement, four-valve technology, increased output to 385 horsepower and 417 pound-feet of torque.
1993 – E 36 AMG Coupe: Top model raises the coupe standard
For the sporty, ambitious coupe enthusiast, the E 36 AMG, a high-performance version equipped with a 272 horsepower 3.6-liter four-valve AMG engine, was available in international markets from September 1993 (not officially sold in the USA). The new top model also stood out visually from its less dynamic sister models thanks to subtly enlarged add- on parts. The front spoiler, side skirts and rear bumper were painted in body color and harmoniously integrated into the body’s shape and standard 17-inch light-alloy, AMG-design wheels.
1997 – CLK 55 AMG: First the Safety Car, then the production version
From August 1999, the CLK 55 AMG took the leadership position in the CLK model range. It was based on the then Official F1TM safety car of the Formula 1 World Championship, which was the only one of its kind to be driven around the world’s racetracks from 1997 onwards. The only modification for use was the sports bucket seat for the driver. At the heart of this high-performance coupe was the AMG 5.5-liter V8 engine with an output of 342 horsepower and a remarkable 376 pound-feet of torque. This enabled the CLK 55 AMG to accelerate from 0 to 60 mph in only 5.3 seconds. The AMG engine featured cast-aluminum pistons, which were effectively cooled by special oil spray nozzles. The dual-flow intake system, combined with high-performance camshafts derived from motorsport and the newly developed variable intake manifold, ensured excellent cylinder filling, which was reflected in the exemplary torque.
2007 – CLK 63 AMG Black Series: Racing technology for the road
The extensively revised AMG 6.3-liter V8 engine powered the top model in the next CLK series with an output of 500 horsepower and 465 pound-feet torque. This coupe accelerated from 0 to 60 mph in 4.2 seconds, with top speed regulated at 186 mph. The newly designed axles, the elaborately developed AMG coil-over sports suspension with 19-inch AMG forged wheels, the newly developed steering system and the more powerful AMG high-performance composite braking system guaranteed driving dynamics of the highest standard. The coupe was based on the then Official F1TM safety car from AMG: the striking front bumper with large cooling air vents, widened fenders, the rear bumper in diffuser look and the carbon fiber breakaway edge also visually documented the sporty, aggressive claim.
2020 – The new Mercedes-AMG E 53 Coupe: More AMG, more sportiness, more individuality
With the new E 53 Coupe, Mercedes-AMG is opening another chapter in its successful Coupe history. The focus is on consistently strengthening the brand identity with characteristic design features and a thoroughly upgraded interior. The new edition of the E 53 Coupe from Affalterbach also meets all technical requirements in terms of performance and efficiency. The 3.0-liter engine delivers 429 horsepower, thanks to double charging via exhaust gas turbocharger and electric auxiliary compressor. The maximum torque is 384 pound-feet. Its EQ Boost starter-generator provides up to an additional 21 horsepower for a short time as well as up to an additional 184 pound-feet of torque, and also feeds the vehicle’s 48-volt vehicle electrical system.
For more information about E-CLASS: MERCEDES-AMG SUPER COUPES and the latest AMG lineup, please visit https://www.mercedes-amg.com/en.html | <urn:uuid:07681a15-3f27-4d26-95a4-9c85d256522b> | {
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Mens Leather Belts – The History of Belts
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Men’s leather belts were first invented during the Bronze Age. Women occasionally wore belts, but mainly it was the men. Between then and now, belts waxed and waned in popularity, depending on the other garb worn. For the most part, belts have been for men, with women occasionally donning them as well.
During the 1800s, men didn’t wear belts unless they were in the military, generally sticking to suspenders instead. The cut of slacks at the time made belts uncomfortable, so the average citizen didn’t wear them. That changed during WWI, when men got used to the belts worn with their uniforms, and brought that fashion back home with them, ousting suspenders for the top spot in keeping one’s pants up.
During the first half of the century, Art Nuveau made a splash with specially-designed belt buckles, which today fetch a healthy sum. During the middle of the 20th century, Hollywood wanted to give cowboys a distinctive look, so they put large belt buckles on their actors, despite the fact that genuine cowboys wore primarily suspenders. This trend has bled into modern culture, with large belt buckles a piece of Western wear. Notable wearers of the large belt buckle include George W. Bush and Governor Schwarzenegger. Also, the prize given after a rodeo event is often an oversized belt-buckle as well.
Belts have generally been for function, especially men’s leather belts, but women have been using belts lately for both form and function, using belts to emphasize their feminine shape. In the world wars, the Axis soldiers used belts in a similar fashion, to show off the size of their chests, as a way to decrease the morale of the enemy.
Modern belts have evolved to suit almost any fashion, from cheap webbed or cloth belts with square buckles, to the highest levels of upper class who can get diamond and gold encrusted leather belts with precious stones and custom designs for tens of thousands of dollars. Designers have created subtle belts with designs sewn in with stitching, some have printed their designs on the outside of belts decorated with metal studs, and some keep a simple strip of leather and let the buckle do all the work.
Belt buckles have also changed. In the Bronze Age, the buckle had a shield with designs of warriors or animals fighting, which later generations also did with their belt buckles. Modern buckles share a similar vision with the patriotic emblems seen on the large “cowboy buckles” with things like flags and eagles. The current box style buckle has been a more recent invention, with a piece inside of it that holds the belt in place using friction instead of a pin, which has been the traditional method for keeping a belt in place since inception.
Whatever style of belt you wear, think about the fact that you’re sharing a style that millions of people spanning from today to the Bronze Ages have enjoyed. | <urn:uuid:b7ebf59b-b0bd-4b24-a196-4bd1f188af85> | {
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Here's the next of my fifteen minute scribblings.
Today it's Michaelangelo, what did that Sistine Chapel 'n' stuff
using only emulsion from his Dad's garage.
A quick hi to all the children who came to see me
yesterday at the fantastic, new Worksop Library.
Children from St Anne's Primary and Ryton Park each sat
through one of my talks and watched me draw. Thanks for | <urn:uuid:85623027-dfa3-4854-ac7b-e6dbcf8a12b6> | {
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Doug Sohn, owner of Hot Doug’s, Chicago’s most glorified hot dog stand, has sold all sorts of sausages over the years, from the classic Windy City–style Vienna beef dog to the “Tuben,” his tubular take on a traditional Rueben sandwich. Sohn’s often obscurely titled franks (“The Shirley Hardman,” anyone?) span virtually every type of meat in your butcher’s repertoire and probably beyond, including an ever-revolving “Game of the Week” special, which spotlights a different wild animal: alligator, crawfish, pheasant, snake — you name it, he’s probably stuck it in a bun, added some unusual toppings for good measure and sold it. Only one weird wiener has ever turned out to be a total dud, according to Sohn: the andouillette, which he explains is the French word for, basically, “intestines stuffed with more intestines.”Read my full article at Food Republic here. | <urn:uuid:daeb9802-4f26-454e-90e4-d3e11831f411> | {
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Dealing with the intricacies of family law can prove to be an intimidating undertaking, especially in the midst of emotionally fraught situations like divorce or custody disputes. When such circumstances arise, the counsel provided by experienced family solicitors is of immense value. Organizations serve as prime examples of the committed assistance and knowledgeable advice that people require when confronted with these pivotal legal obstacles. This article examines the function of family solicitors in Winchester, with a specific emphasis on their capacity to provide sensitive and professional support during challenging circumstances.
The Function Of Family Lawyers
Family solicitors are experts in legal specializations concerning domestic relations and family affairs. In addition to alimony, property division, divorce, child custody and support, and alimony, their expertise extends to a vast array of legal services. These individuals fulfill the dual role of legal representatives and advisors, diligently striving to safeguard the rights and optimal interests of their clients throughout the entirety of the legal proceedings.
Just Family Law In Winchester: Why Opt For It?
A renowned agency of family solicitors Winchester, Just Family Law is famous for its empathetic demeanor and extensive knowledge of family law. When selecting this firm, clients can anticipate the following:
- Proficient Advice: Backed by years of specialized experience, the solicitors at Just Family Law provide an exhaustive understanding of every aspect of family law.
- Tailored Attention: Every instance is approached with the individuality it merits, incorporating customized recommendations and approaches to align with each client’s particular requirements and situations.
- Support Through Difficult Times: Just Family Law offers its clients not only legal assistance but also emotional solace during challenging circumstances, given its comprehension of the emotional challenges that their clients encounter.
Engaging The Services Of Proficient Divorce Attorneys
Divorce proceedings, which entail a multitude of legal intricacies and emotional distress, can rank among the most arduous experiences an individual can endure. One may be sure to have a strong advocate who will skillfully handle the complexities of the legal process by hiring a divorce lawyers Winchester, especially one from a reputed business. The following describes how they can assist:
- Submission for Divorce: They oversee the submission of all required documents and papers to ensure compliance with all legal obligations.
- Negotiations: In the event that a settlement cannot be achieved, it is critical to have an accomplished attorney advocate for you in court so that you can effectively present your case.
- Court Representation: Child Custody and Support Family solicitors fulfill a pivotal function in the resolution of custody disputes by prioritizing the children’s best interests. Just Family Law prioritizes the development of parental plans that foster harmonious arrangements, thereby cultivating a constructive atmosphere for the children. Child support agreements are also ensured to be equitable by their attorneys, providing for the children’s financial requirements without placing an undue burden on either parent.
Asset division in a divorce can lead to substantial disputes. Family law-savvy solicitors are essential for ensuring a just division that recognizes and values the contributions of all parties involved. To ensure an equitable division, Just Family Law specializes in locating and valuing all marital assets and liabilities.
It is critical to engage the services of a competent family solicitor in Winchester, such as those at Just Family Law when navigating the complexities of family law. These experts offer crucial legal knowledge and emotional assistance, whether it involves managing divorce proceedings, custody disputes, or financial matters. By virtue of their unwavering dedication to ethical principles and profound knowledge of the law, they guarantee not only legal representation but also unwavering support throughout the entirety of your legal ordeal. Bear in mind that hiring a family solicitor is not solely for the purpose of securing a victory but rather to ensure that you emerge from the proceedings with your dignity and future unharmed. | <urn:uuid:75a5ea20-522b-40c8-8bf1-6692e422c4a4> | {
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Grants & Scholarships
AMSN Invests Back in Our Members Through Grants and Scholarships
We are proud of the accomplishments of our members and believe in supporting you so you can develop your career and achieve your goals. Learn more about the different AMSN grants and scholarships we offer our members, then apply for the grant or scholarship opportunity that is best for you!
Applicants must meet the following criteria to be eligible for all AMSN Grants/Scholarships, unless specified otherwise under the Additional Criteria column in the chart below.
- Member of AMSN for 1 year at time of application date
- May not be awarded more than one award, grant or scholarship of any kind from AMSN in one calendar year
- Share how grant/scholarship has advanced your professional practice
- May not be a current member of the AMSN or MSNCB Executive Boards, Scholarship & Awards Committee, or AMSN/MSNCB staff
- Submissions received after the application deadline will not be considered.
To submit an application for an AMSN grant or scholarship, click on the "Apply Now" link in the table below. You will need to log in using your AMSN website/membership login. If you do not have an AMSN website/membership login, you will be prompted to create one before you can continue to the application.
In the event you cannot complete the application in one sitting, your login and password allow you to return to your application at any time during the open application period and your progress will be saved. The links are active during the application period only. | <urn:uuid:6eec65b5-0bba-45a4-a473-0f13e7ea14a4> | {
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Hi Chelsa,Hope you are well... I am Abdul Azeez from India.I am a part 1 Air diver. I have work experience with Seatrax pvt ltd, Singapore and I have worked for Dulam International, UAE as well. I am searching for a job . If there are some jobs suitable for me at your organization.pls respond asap..Thank you.
Hi RIC VARGAS, Salvage diver for almost 15yrs in d field of salvage, wreck removal etc. A certified Surface Supply Air Diving Supervisor ADCI, certified IWS diver, certified Dive System KMB Technician, fork truck driver, presently engage in one Salvage company base hete in Singapore is still looking for new challenges and different people to work with,e mail @ [email protected] or call at nos.+65 96459228,83472066 incase ur looking for a group of tough and experienced wreck removal salvage divers
Good morning Chelsa, My Name is Luis Carattini. I'm currently working for a big company in the Gulf of Mexico for about five years now. I'm a Diver/DMT and EMT-I. I'm highly interested on working over seas and it doesn't look like it's going to happen with my corporation. If you're a head hunter for divers and have and have an opening for Diver or EMT-Dive Medic tech feel free to contact me. [email protected]
Hi Chelsa, How Are you,How is going your work? hopping everything is fine,Chelsa if there is any vacancy for Air/ Mix Gas Diver will you please inform me? i have 1 ½ year experience in offshore diving,i am working as a freelance diver in Dulam Sub sea Solutions U.A.E for last one year, take care bye...........
Well when i am not surfing i am at work diving somewhere and yourself what do you do on your off time,have you ever been to South Africa if you ever get the chance you should come and check it out its an awesome country anyway have an awesome day and weekend
Good Morning and I hope this New day finds you well?
I am Ex RN diver with over 300hrs underwater, Wet bell, Closed bell, Dive Medic, Alst, Ndt 3.1u looking for my first break. Please if you feel you have something suitable do not hesitate to contact me. I look forward to hearing from you all that remains is to wish you a pleasent day .
Good to hear from you,i hope that this will lead to a really good friendship even though its through the net,please excuse the first mail that i sent to you i see i missed out a few words lol anyway have an awesome day | <urn:uuid:648a425a-91e3-443d-bf06-370d188aaabb> | {
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HEAT 24: That’s it, for now… edited by Ivor Indyk
Giramondo Publishing, 2010
This issue of HEAT being named as the magazine’s last could indicate two separate things. One is the opportunity that arises from this; with each ending a new beginning could take place. The other is that the magazine might not be ending. In his editorial, Ivor Indyk cleverly opens with “Though there is always the possibility of a return, this will likely be the last issue of HEAT magazine in print form.” So we might endure a hiatus of feeling the sheer weight of each issue in our hands. Or we might have to convert to reading it online (an option with which Indyk seems quietly animated). Or we might have to say goodbye to the publication altogether. Whichever the outcome, this is somewhat monumental in the scope of Australia’s literary landscape, especially for poetry. Few high quality literary magazines have such a high percentage of poems per issue. I, and many out there like me, will miss that. But Indyk doesn’t play the over-romanticised gimmick card a reader like me might benefit from; this final issue has been produced just like any other issue of the magazine.
I suppose I was looking for a mood. Something that maybe celebrated loss; something nostalgic and dreamy. The first two poets suited half of that craving. Robert Gray’s exquisite ‘Flying Foxes’ concludes with:
but when I look out
at the night, I am offered
the chalk-white, chaste
and lacklustre moon.
After Gray gently rolls out his description of bats and their world, he leaves us with this imagery, which can only be called heartbreaking. Worthy of mentioning here is that at three and a half pages, the poem reminds us we will also miss the long poem form, which has very little visibility in most of our literary publications.
Following on from Gray are two poems by Vivian Smith, one of which ends with the word “ashes”. One might think, from the title and subject of the poem ‘Childless’, that Pip Smith could carry on this atmosphere of melancholic reflection, but the style, the unfixed form of the villanelle, the phrasing of such lines as “You have pig iron shoulders”, is like a spark. It lifted me from the calm shadow in which I was reading and had me smiling, rereading two and three times, feeling celebrative, however sad. So at one-fifth of my way through, HEAT 24 had fed my hunger, and ‘Childless’ had been a long cool glass of water to my water-parched thirst. After my ideal had been realised I was quite happy to settle into the eclectic nature of what has by and large been HEAT for almost fifteen years.
It’s often thrilling to read poetry in translation; as if one was handed a present simply because it is good to give. Thank you, Peter Boyle, for bringing us new writing from the Cuban voice of José Kozer in ‘Three Poems’, all subtitled ‘Anima’. Kozer’s voice is distinctive and challenging, and ultimately philosophical. In one poem, he writes, “I thoroughly chew the fish”; in another, “Everything lies in wait ready to leap out”; and in the last poem, “The ant, a portion of God.” His form is experimental and his subject matter is universal. This is one of the highlights in HEAT 24.
π.o’s ode ‘To Granny Smith’ is delightful, full of energy and filled with a myriad of trivia that suddenly and skilfully culminates in great appreciation for Granny Smith apples. Did you know that
Sunlight is dazzling in its intensity.
A caterpillar has got over 2 ½ thousand muscles.
You can tell when a wasp in a bottle, is angry.
These things are good to know, just as gratitude is good to bestow.
Antigone Kefala’s ‘The Neighbour’ is so simple and so touching, and intuitively spare. Her poems are followed by Amanda Simons’ interview with Kefala, who is as feisty as ever. Kefala talks about writing:
So it is continuous. Like with music. If you give up music for a while, you can’t actually play well. Your fingers are no longer as good as they were. You have to have the exercise.
Poems like ‘The Neighbour’ make poetry enthusiasts thankful she continues to exercise her craft.
Patrick Jones stuns with ‘Food Forest’ and ‘A Sonnet for Zephyr’, with a form of an acrostic, where the randomness of the indented lines form the centrally placed phrases of “Forage Rationalism” and “Harrier Parents”, respectively. As the not-so-subliminal themes suggest, Jones is working with ecopoetics. His poems are a visual mess of jagged edges and variant rising and falling letters. He is aerating his poem, creating a poem as forest and a forest as a poem. There is rebellion on a conceptual level, which can be the fun in ecopoetics. But for me the sign of a truly good ecopoem is one that can stand alone, without the devices affording credit only to the form, and be a truly good poem. Jones gets more than an E for effort here; he is exemplary.
This cherished final issue of HEAT finishes with an essay on Peter Porter by Jeffrey Poacher, where Poacher uncovers place and death in the poetry of the late Porter, questioning whether or not Porter longed for death (even while rejoicing in his cats). It leaves me, once again, with that mood: that one which can only be indicative of something nostalgic and dreamy, something like a celebration of loss. It is a perfect ending for the issue that is “likely to be the final issue of HEAT in print”, so let us not say goodbye, but rather thank you.
Heather Taylor Johnson holds a PhD in Creative Writing and is a poetry editor of | <urn:uuid:8f181dbd-a863-4e33-a88a-209d5e9d5767> | {
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Test transactions and ensure functionality using the Sandbox, a powerful test environment offering automated diagnostic tools. | <urn:uuid:c7be9931-4c28-4545-b947-8dfb3cba840b> | {
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Welcome to CSR Nation
Well, work is winding down so I'm actually having some time to watch TV at night. Last night I started watching Downton Abbey. It's a series that is currently on PBS. I think it's in season 3 on TV. I am starting from episode 1 and streaming it on Netflix. OMG, it's really good. It's a total thumbs up. How about you? Have you seen anything you would like to share?
I actually think it was more accepted back then to drink and smoke all the time. My accountant told me in the '60s he'd have a three martini lunch and then go back to work. I'd need a nap majorly.
I just watched Bourne Legacy. I really liked it. The star of The Hurt Locker, Jeremy Renner is the star of this one. It has lots of action.
I am currently watching The Hatfields and the McCoys. It is very good also.
I liked that movie, too, Janiece. That Jeremy is very sexy. Something about him......
I finished The Hatfields and the McCoys. It's really good.
I videographer on one of my jobs always is recommending shows to me. He got me into that Prison Break and it is quite good. It's about this one brother that is framed and put on death row. His other brother robs a bank to get caught so he can go to the same prison and break his other brother out before he's put to death. He only has one month to do it. Very action packed.
I loved Prison Break. It was a great series.
Must see the movie Silver Linings Playbook. Awesome! It's in theaters now.
The movie Django is so good. Quinton Terintino (sp) is the director. I must say that I thoroughly enjoyed this movie. You have to be okay with seeing black slavery, though. I'm not trying to say I think it is okay, but the blacks prevail in the end and make it all okay, which makes the movie much better I think.
Anything Jamie Jox is in I make an effort to go see because he is such an amazing actor.
I just started watching House of Cards. It's great so far!
Well, season 3 of Downton Abbey is over! It's a shocker. Now I am in withdrawal. I don't know if I want to watch Parade's End with Benedict Cumberbatch, which is a BBC/HBO production. It's a historical story revolving around a love triangle and I'm not too into that triangle stuff. Call me traditional.
I'm addicted to Borgias series on Showtime. Just finished the two seasons. Season three starts in April. It's about
16th century Pope Alexander, very NAUGHTY pope. It's so entertaining. It's a great one to "power" watch, as my daughter
and I call it. Download this one. Very good. My favorite of all time is Game of Thrones. It's an addiction for me. I've read
all the books. Gotta watch Downton Abbey. Heard that one is good. Happy watching.
You know, I just got Netflix streaming, but it doesn't have a lot of shows and movies I want, like Homeland and the newer release movies. They are only available on DVD rentals from Netflix. Wonder why they don't have everything available both ways. | <urn:uuid:7a5e0d37-5661-4fa9-bc22-2d477ed92bce> | {
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Er wordt momenteel onderhoud gepleegd aan onze site.
Onze excuses voor het ongemak. Kom later nog eens terug of neem gerust contact op met ons ondersteuningsteam.
Our site is currently undergoing maintenance.
We apologize for the inconvenience. Please check back later or feel free to contact our support team.
Notre site est actuellement en maintenance.
Nous nous excusons pour le dérangement. Veuillez revenir plus tard ou n'hésitez pas à contacter notre équipe d'assistance. | <urn:uuid:588f60d0-5e1d-424f-94f9-004c91cdd428> | {
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