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update 87

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  1. 87/paper.pdf +3 -0
  2. 87/replication_package/.dta +3 -0
  3. 87/replication_package/Data/EJ_Dickens_Border_100km.csv +3 -0
  4. 87/replication_package/Data/EJ_Dickens_Border_100km.dta +3 -0
  5. 87/replication_package/Data/EJ_Dickens_Border_50km.csv +3 -0
  6. 87/replication_package/Data/EJ_Dickens_Border_50km.dta +3 -0
  7. 87/replication_package/Data/EJ_Dickens_Group_Homeland.csv +3 -0
  8. 87/replication_package/Data/EJ_Dickens_Group_Homeland.dta +3 -0
  9. 87/replication_package/DoFiles/EJ_Dickens_Appendix_A11.do +73 -0
  10. 87/replication_package/DoFiles/EJ_Dickens_Appendix_A12.do +53 -0
  11. 87/replication_package/DoFiles/EJ_Dickens_Appendix_A13.do +102 -0
  12. 87/replication_package/DoFiles/EJ_Dickens_Appendix_A14.do +76 -0
  13. 87/replication_package/DoFiles/EJ_Dickens_Appendix_A15.do +85 -0
  14. 87/replication_package/DoFiles/EJ_Dickens_Appendix_A16.do +72 -0
  15. 87/replication_package/DoFiles/EJ_Dickens_Appendix_A7.do +58 -0
  16. 87/replication_package/DoFiles/EJ_Dickens_Appendix_A8.do +57 -0
  17. 87/replication_package/DoFiles/EJ_Dickens_Appendix_A9_A10.do +109 -0
  18. 87/replication_package/DoFiles/EJ_Dickens_Appendix_Figs.do +192 -0
  19. 87/replication_package/DoFiles/EJ_Dickens_Appendix_Sumstats.do +134 -0
  20. 87/replication_package/DoFiles/EJ_Dickens_Paper_Tables&Figs.do +285 -0
  21. 87/replication_package/EJ_Dickens_Replicate_All.do +66 -0
  22. 87/replication_package/LaTeX/EJ_Dickens_Fig3.tex +41 -0
  23. 87/replication_package/LaTeX/EJ_Dickens_Fig6.tex +55 -0
  24. 87/replication_package/ReadMe.pdf +3 -0
  25. 87/replication_package/ShapeFiles/Fig1/Africa_Country_Borders.CPG +1 -0
  26. 87/replication_package/ShapeFiles/Fig1/Africa_Country_Borders.dbf +3 -0
  27. 87/replication_package/ShapeFiles/Fig1/Africa_Country_Borders.prj +1 -0
  28. 87/replication_package/ShapeFiles/Fig1/Africa_Country_Borders.sbn +0 -0
  29. 87/replication_package/ShapeFiles/Fig1/Africa_Country_Borders.sbx +0 -0
  30. 87/replication_package/ShapeFiles/Fig1/Africa_Country_Borders.shp +3 -0
  31. 87/replication_package/ShapeFiles/Fig1/Africa_Country_Borders.shp.xml +171 -0
  32. 87/replication_package/ShapeFiles/Fig1/Africa_Country_Borders.shx +0 -0
  33. 87/replication_package/ShapeFiles/Fig1/Border.CPG +1 -0
  34. 87/replication_package/ShapeFiles/Fig1/Border.dbf +3 -0
  35. 87/replication_package/ShapeFiles/Fig1/Border.prj +1 -0
  36. 87/replication_package/ShapeFiles/Fig1/Border.sbn +0 -0
  37. 87/replication_package/ShapeFiles/Fig1/Border.sbx +0 -0
  38. 87/replication_package/ShapeFiles/Fig1/Border.shp +3 -0
  39. 87/replication_package/ShapeFiles/Fig1/Border.shp.xml +148 -0
  40. 87/replication_package/ShapeFiles/Fig1/Border.shx +0 -0
  41. 87/replication_package/ShapeFiles/Fig1/Manyika.CPG +1 -0
  42. 87/replication_package/ShapeFiles/Fig1/Manyika.dbf +3 -0
  43. 87/replication_package/ShapeFiles/Fig1/Manyika.prj +1 -0
  44. 87/replication_package/ShapeFiles/Fig1/Manyika.sbn +0 -0
  45. 87/replication_package/ShapeFiles/Fig1/Manyika.sbx +0 -0
  46. 87/replication_package/ShapeFiles/Fig1/Manyika.shp +3 -0
  47. 87/replication_package/ShapeFiles/Fig1/Manyika.shp.xml +168 -0
  48. 87/replication_package/ShapeFiles/Fig1/Manyika.shx +0 -0
  49. 87/replication_package/ShapeFiles/Fig1/Shona.CPG +1 -0
  50. 87/replication_package/ShapeFiles/Fig1/Shona.dbf +3 -0
87/paper.pdf ADDED
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87/replication_package/Data/EJ_Dickens_Border_50km.csv ADDED
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87/replication_package/Data/EJ_Dickens_Group_Homeland.csv ADDED
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+ version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
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87/replication_package/DoFiles/EJ_Dickens_Appendix_A11.do ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+
2
+ /* ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
3
+
4
+ Replication file for
5
+
6
+ Understanding Ethnolinguistic Differences: The Roles of Geography and Trade
7
+ by Andrew Dickens
8
+
9
+ Forthcoming in The Economic Journal (2021)
10
+
11
+ This file produces Tables A11 from the Online Appendix
12
+
13
+ --------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
14
+
15
+
16
+ ***********************************************************
17
+ ************************ IMPORTANT ************************
18
+ ***********************************************************
19
+
20
+ ** User-written programs needed for execution of .do file
21
+ * ssc install reghdfe, replace
22
+
23
+
24
+ ** Set location of replication folder to run as a standalone file
25
+ * cd "~/Replication_Folder"
26
+
27
+ ***********************************************************
28
+
29
+
30
+ clear all
31
+ set more off
32
+
33
+
34
+ // Border-level control variables
35
+ global controls csi csi_change malaria elev elev_sd prec prec_sd temp temp_sd ldist_lang ldist_coast ldist_border ldist_lake ldist_rivmaj ldist_rivmin ln_langPop ln_langArea langLat_diff langLon_diff
36
+
37
+
38
+ // Table A11: Border-Level Regressions: Population Sensitivity Analysis
39
+ // --------------------------------------------------------------------
40
+
41
+ use "Data/EJ_Dickens_Border_100km.dta", clear
42
+
43
+ * Full Sample
44
+ qui reghdfe lingDist csi_sd csi_change_sd $controls if samecountry == 1, ab(family1 family2 ccode1) cl(langID1 langID2)
45
+ keep if e(sample)
46
+ sum langPop_diff, d
47
+ g lrg_diff = langPop_diff > r(p50)
48
+ sum ln_langPop, d
49
+ g lrg_total = ln_langPop > r(p50)
50
+ eststo clear
51
+ eststo: qui reghdfe lingDist csi_sd csi_change_sd $controls, ab(family1 family2 ccode1) cl(langID1 langID2)
52
+ eststo: qui reghdfe lingDist csi_sd csi_change_sd $controls if lrg_total == 0, ab(family1 family2 ccode1) cl(langID1 langID2)
53
+ eststo: qui reghdfe lingDist csi_sd csi_change_sd $controls if lrg_diff == 0, ab(family1 family2 ccode1) cl(langID1 langID2)
54
+
55
+ ** Sibling Sample
56
+ drop lrg_diff lrg_total
57
+ qui reghdfe lingDist csi_sd csi_change_sd $controls if sibling == 1, ab(family1 family2 ccode1) cl(langID1 langID2)
58
+ keep if e(sample)
59
+ sum langPop_diff, d
60
+ g lrg_diff = langPop_diff > r(p50)
61
+ sum ln_langPop, d
62
+ g lrg_total = ln_langPop > r(p50)
63
+ eststo: qui reghdfe lingDist csi_sd csi_change_sd $controls, ab(family1 ccode1) cl(langID1 langID2)
64
+ eststo: qui reghdfe lingDist csi_sd csi_change_sd $controls if lrg_total == 0, ab(family1 ccode1) cl(langID1 langID2)
65
+ eststo: qui reghdfe lingDist csi_sd csi_change_sd $controls if lrg_diff == 0, ab(family1 ccode1) cl(langID1 langID2)
66
+ esttab, keep(*csi_change_sd *csi_sd *csi_change *csi) ///
67
+ order(*csi_change_sd *csi_sd *csi_change *csi) ///
68
+ b(3) se(3) starlevels(* .10 ** 0.05 *** .01) varwidth(35) ///
69
+ varlabels(csi "Land productivity (pre-1500)" ///
70
+ csi_change "Change in land prod (post-1500)" ///
71
+ csi_sd "Land prod variation (pre-1500)" ///
72
+ csi_change_sd "Change in land prod var (post-1500)")
73
+
87/replication_package/DoFiles/EJ_Dickens_Appendix_A12.do ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+
2
+ /* ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
3
+
4
+ Replication file for
5
+
6
+ Understanding Ethnolinguistic Differences: The Roles of Geography and Trade
7
+ by Andrew Dickens
8
+
9
+ Forthcoming in The Economic Journal (2021)
10
+
11
+ This file produces Tables A12 from the Online Appendix
12
+
13
+ --------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
14
+
15
+
16
+ ***********************************************************
17
+ ************************ IMPORTANT ************************
18
+ ***********************************************************
19
+
20
+ ** User-written programs needed for execution of .do file
21
+ * ssc install reghdfe, replace
22
+
23
+
24
+ ** Set location of replication folder to run as a standalone file
25
+ * cd "~/Replication_Folder"
26
+
27
+ ***********************************************************
28
+
29
+
30
+ clear all
31
+ set more off
32
+
33
+
34
+ // Border-level control variables
35
+ global controls csi csi_change malaria elev elev_sd prec prec_sd temp temp_sd ldist_lang ldist_coast ldist_border ldist_lake ldist_rivmaj ldist_rivmin ln_langPop ln_langArea langLat_diff langLon_diff
36
+
37
+
38
+ // Table A12: Border-Level Regressions: Overlapping Polygon Sensitivity Analysis
39
+ // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
40
+ use "Data/EJ_Dickens_Border_100km.dta", clear
41
+ eststo clear
42
+ eststo: reghdfe lingDist csi_sd csi_change_sd $controls if samecountry == 1, ab(family1 family2 ccode1) cl(langID1 langID2)
43
+ eststo: reghdfe lingDist csi_sd csi_change_sd $controls if samecountry == 1 & overlap == 0, ab(family1 family2 ccode1) cl(langID1 langID2)
44
+ eststo: reghdfe lingDist csi_sd csi_change_sd $controls if samecountry == 1 & sibling == 1, ab(family1 ccode1) cl(langID1 langID2)
45
+ eststo: reghdfe lingDist csi_sd csi_change_sd $controls if samecountry == 1 & sibling == 1 & overlap == 0, ab(family1 ccode1) cl(langID1 langID2)
46
+ esttab, keep(*csi_change_sd *csi_sd *csi_change *csi) ///
47
+ order(*csi_change_sd *csi_sd *csi_change *csi) ///
48
+ b(3) se(3) starlevels(* .10 ** 0.05 *** .01) varwidth(35) ///
49
+ varlabels(csi "Land productivity (pre-1500)" ///
50
+ csi_change "Change in land prod (post-1500)" ///
51
+ csi_sd "Land prod variation (pre-1500)" ///
52
+ csi_change_sd "Change in land prod var (post-1500)")
53
+
87/replication_package/DoFiles/EJ_Dickens_Appendix_A13.do ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+
2
+ /* ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
3
+
4
+ Replication file for
5
+
6
+ Understanding Ethnolinguistic Differences: The Roles of Geography and Trade
7
+ by Andrew Dickens
8
+
9
+ Forthcoming in The Economic Journal (2021)
10
+
11
+ This file produces Tables A13 from the Online Appendix
12
+
13
+ --------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
14
+
15
+
16
+ ***********************************************************
17
+ ************************ IMPORTANT ************************
18
+ ***********************************************************
19
+
20
+ ** User-written programs needed for execution of .do file
21
+ * ssc install reghdfe, replace
22
+
23
+
24
+ ** Set location of replication folder to run as a standalone file
25
+ * cd "~/Replication_Folder"
26
+
27
+ ***********************************************************
28
+
29
+
30
+ clear all
31
+ set more off
32
+
33
+
34
+ // Border-level control variables
35
+ global controls csi csi_change malaria elev elev_sd prec prec_sd temp temp_sd ldist_lang ldist_coast ldist_border ldist_lake ldist_rivmaj ldist_rivmin ln_langPop ln_langArea langLat_diff langLon_diff
36
+
37
+
38
+ // Preliminaries
39
+ // -------------
40
+
41
+ use "Data/EJ_Dickens_Border_100km.dta", clear
42
+
43
+ qui {
44
+
45
+ * Full sample (restricted = FE only)
46
+ eststo clear
47
+ cap drop b_r b_f r2_r r2_f
48
+ eststo: reghdfe lingDist csi_sd csi_change_sd if samecountry == 1, ab(family1 family2 ccode1) cl(langID1 langID2)
49
+ g b_r = _b[csi_change_sd]
50
+ g r2_r = e(r2)
51
+ eststo: reghdfe lingDist csi_sd csi_change_sd $controls if samecountry == 1, ab(family1 family2 ccode1) cl(langID1 langID2)
52
+ g b_f = _b[csi_change_sd]
53
+ g r2_f = e(r2)
54
+ local aet1 = round(b_f / (b_r - b_f),0.01)
55
+ local beta1 = round(b_f - (b_r - b_f)*((1 - r2_f)/(r2_f - r2_r)),0.01)
56
+
57
+ * Full sample (restricted = FE & prod controls)
58
+ cap drop b_r b_f r2_r r2_f
59
+ eststo: reghdfe lingDist csi_sd csi_change_sd $prod if samecountry == 1, ab(family1 family2 ccode1) cl(langID1 langID2)
60
+ g b_r = _b[csi_change_sd]
61
+ g r2_r = e(r2)
62
+ eststo: reghdfe lingDist csi_sd csi_change_sd $controls if samecountry == 1, ab(family1 family2 ccode1) cl(langID1 langID2)
63
+ g b_f = _b[csi_change_sd]
64
+ g r2_f = e(r2)
65
+ local aet2 = round(b_f / (b_r - b_f),0.01)
66
+ local beta2 = round(b_f - (b_r - b_f)*((1 - r2_f)/(r2_f - r2_r)),0.01)
67
+
68
+ * Sibling sample (restricted = FE only)
69
+ cap drop b_r b_f r2_r r2_f
70
+ eststo: reghdfe lingDist csi_sd csi_change_sd if samecountry == 1 & sibling == 1, ab(family1 ccode1) cl(langID1 langID2)
71
+ g b_r = _b[csi_change_sd]
72
+ g r2_r = e(r2)
73
+ eststo: reghdfe lingDist csi_sd csi_change_sd $controls if samecountry == 1 & sibling == 1, ab(family1 ccode1) cl(langID1 langID2)
74
+ g b_f = _b[csi_change_sd]
75
+ g r2_f = e(r2)
76
+ local aet3 = round(b_f / (b_r - b_f),0.01)
77
+ local beta3 = round(b_f - (b_r - b_f)*((1 - r2_f)/(r2_f - r2_r)),0.01)
78
+
79
+ * Sibling sample (restricted = FE & prod controls)
80
+ cap drop b_r b_f r2_r r2_f
81
+ eststo: reghdfe lingDist csi_sd csi_change_sd $prod if samecountry == 1 & sibling == 1, ab(family1 ccode1) cl(langID1 langID2)
82
+ g b_r = _b[csi_change_sd]
83
+ g r2_r = e(r2)
84
+ eststo: reghdfe lingDist csi_sd csi_change_sd $controls if samecountry == 1 & sibling == 1, ab(family1 ccode1) cl(langID1 langID2)
85
+ g b_f = _b[csi_change_sd]
86
+ g r2_f = e(r2)
87
+ local aet4 = round(b_f / (b_r - b_f),0.01)
88
+ local beta4 = round(b_f - (b_r - b_f)*((1 - r2_f)/(r2_f - r2_r)),0.01)
89
+
90
+ }
91
+
92
+
93
+ // Table A13: Border-Level Regressions: Selection on Unobservables
94
+ // ---------------------------------------------------------------
95
+
96
+ * Panel A: Full Sample
97
+ di " Controls in restricted = FE AET = `aet1' Beta = `beta1' "
98
+ di " Controls in restricted = FE & Prod AET = `aet2' Beta = `beta2' "
99
+
100
+ * Panel B: Sibling Sample
101
+ di " Controls in restricted = FE AET = `aet3' Beta = `beta3' "
102
+ di " Controls in restricted = FE & Prod AET = `aet4' Beta = `beta4' "
87/replication_package/DoFiles/EJ_Dickens_Appendix_A14.do ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+
2
+ /* ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
3
+
4
+ Replication file for
5
+
6
+ Understanding Ethnolinguistic Differences: The Roles of Geography and Trade
7
+ by Andrew Dickens
8
+
9
+ Forthcoming in The Economic Journal (2021)
10
+
11
+ This file produces Tables A14 from the Online Appendix
12
+
13
+ --------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
14
+
15
+
16
+ ***********************************************************
17
+ ************************ IMPORTANT ************************
18
+ ***********************************************************
19
+
20
+ ** User-written programs needed for execution of .do file
21
+ * ssc install acreg, replace
22
+
23
+
24
+ ** Set location of replication folder to run as a standalone file
25
+ * cd "~/Replication_Folder"
26
+
27
+ ***********************************************************
28
+
29
+
30
+ clear all
31
+ set more off
32
+
33
+
34
+ // Border-level control variables
35
+ global controls csi csi_change malaria elev elev_sd prec prec_sd temp temp_sd ldist_lang ldist_coast ldist_border ldist_lake ldist_rivmaj ldist_rivmin ln_langPop ln_langArea langLat_diff langLon_diff
36
+
37
+
38
+ // Table A14: Border-Level Regressions: Spatially Correlated Standard Errors
39
+ // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
40
+
41
+ use "Data/EJ_Dickens_Border_100km.dta", clear
42
+
43
+ * Panel A: Full Sample
44
+ eststo clear
45
+ xi: acreg lingDist csi_sd csi_change_sd $controls i.family2 if samecountry == 1, latitude(latitude) longitude(longitude) dist(100) spatial pfe1(family1) pfe2(ccode1) correctr2 dropsingletons
46
+ eststo
47
+ xi: acreg lingDist csi_sd csi_change_sd $controls i.family2 if samecountry == 1, latitude(latitude) longitude(longitude) dist(200) spatial pfe1(family1) pfe2(ccode1) correctr2 dropsingletons
48
+ eststo
49
+ xi: acreg lingDist csi_sd csi_change_sd $controls i.family2 if samecountry == 1, latitude(latitude) longitude(longitude) dist(300) spatial pfe1(family1) pfe2(ccode1) correctr2 dropsingletons
50
+ eststo
51
+ xi: acreg lingDist csi_sd csi_change_sd $controls i.family2 if samecountry == 1, latitude(latitude) longitude(longitude) dist(400) spatial pfe1(family1) pfe2(ccode1) correctr2 dropsingletons
52
+ eststo
53
+ xi: acreg lingDist csi_sd csi_change_sd $controls i.family2 if samecountry == 1, latitude(latitude) longitude(longitude) dist(500) spatial pfe1(family1) pfe2(ccode1) correctr2 dropsingletons
54
+ eststo
55
+ esttab, keep(*csi_change_sd *csi_sd *csi_change *csi) ///
56
+ order(*csi_change_sd *csi_sd *csi_change *csi) ///
57
+ b(3) se(3) starlevels(* .10 ** 0.05 *** .01) varwidth(35) ///
58
+ varlabels(csi "Land productivity (pre-1500)" ///
59
+ csi_change "Change in land prod (post-1500)" ///
60
+ csi_sd "Land prod variation (pre-1500)" ///
61
+ csi_change_sd "Change in land prod var (post-1500)")
62
+
63
+ * Panel B: Sibling Sample
64
+ eststo clear
65
+ eststo: acreg lingDist csi_sd csi_change_sd $controls if samecountry == 1 & sibling == 1, latitude(latitude) longitude(longitude) dist(100) spatial pfe1(family1) pfe2(ccode1) correctr2 dropsingletons
66
+ eststo: acreg lingDist csi_sd csi_change_sd $controls if samecountry == 1 & sibling == 1, latitude(latitude) longitude(longitude) dist(200) spatial pfe1(family1) pfe2(ccode1) correctr2 dropsingletons
67
+ eststo: acreg lingDist csi_sd csi_change_sd $controls if samecountry == 1 & sibling == 1, latitude(latitude) longitude(longitude) dist(300) spatial pfe1(family1) pfe2(ccode1) correctr2 dropsingletons
68
+ eststo: acreg lingDist csi_sd csi_change_sd $controls if samecountry == 1 & sibling == 1, latitude(latitude) longitude(longitude) dist(400) spatial pfe1(family1) pfe2(ccode1) correctr2 dropsingletons
69
+ eststo: acreg lingDist csi_sd csi_change_sd $controls if samecountry == 1 & sibling == 1, latitude(latitude) longitude(longitude) dist(500) spatial pfe1(family1) pfe2(ccode1) correctr2 dropsingletons
70
+ esttab, keep(*csi_change_sd *csi_sd *csi_change *csi) ///
71
+ order(*csi_change_sd *csi_sd *csi_change *csi) ///
72
+ b(3) se(3) starlevels(* .10 ** 0.05 *** .01) varwidth(35) ///
73
+ varlabels(csi "Land productivity (pre-1500)" ///
74
+ csi_change "Change in land prod (post-1500)" ///
75
+ csi_sd "Land prod variation (pre-1500)" ///
76
+ csi_change_sd "Change in land prod var (post-1500)")
87/replication_package/DoFiles/EJ_Dickens_Appendix_A15.do ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+
2
+ /* ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
3
+
4
+ Replication file for
5
+
6
+ Understanding Ethnolinguistic Differences: The Roles of Geography and Trade
7
+ by Andrew Dickens
8
+
9
+ Forthcoming in The Economic Journal (2021)
10
+
11
+ This file produces Tables A15 from the Online Appendix
12
+
13
+ --------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
14
+
15
+
16
+ ***********************************************************
17
+ ************************ IMPORTANT ************************
18
+ ***********************************************************
19
+
20
+ ** User-written programs needed for execution of .do file
21
+ * ssc install reghdfe, replace
22
+
23
+
24
+ ** Set location of replication folder to run as a standalone file
25
+ * cd "~/Replication_Folder"
26
+
27
+ ***********************************************************
28
+
29
+
30
+ clear all
31
+ set more off
32
+
33
+
34
+ // Border-level control variables
35
+ global controls csi csi_change malaria elev elev_sd prec prec_sd temp temp_sd ldist_lang ldist_coast ldist_border ldist_lake ldist_rivmaj ldist_rivmin ln_langPop ln_langArea langLat_diff langLon_diff
36
+
37
+
38
+ // Table A15: Border-Level Regressions: Placebo Tests
39
+ // --------------------------------------------------
40
+
41
+ use "Data/EJ_Dickens_Border_100km.dta", clear
42
+
43
+ * Threshold
44
+ local p = 90
45
+
46
+ * Panel A: Full Sample
47
+ reghdfe lingDist csi_sd csi_change_sd csi csi_change $controls if samecountry == 1, ab(family1 family2 ccode1) cl(langID1 langID2)
48
+ keep if e(sample)
49
+ sum elev, detail
50
+ g elev_p = elev > r(p`p')
51
+ sum elev_sd, detail
52
+ g rugg_p = elev_sd > r(p`p')
53
+ eststo clear
54
+ eststo: reghdfe lingDist csi_sd csi_change_sd $controls if samecountry == 1, ab(family1 family2 ccode1) cl(langID1 langID2)
55
+ eststo: reghdfe lingDist csi_sd csi_change_sd $controls if samecountry == 1 & elev_p == 1, ab(family1 family2 ccode1) cl(langID1 langID2)
56
+ eststo: reghdfe lingDist csi_sd csi_change_sd $controls if samecountry == 1 & rugg_p == 1, ab(family1 family2 ccode1) cl(langID1 langID2)
57
+ eststo: reghdfe lingDist csi_sd csi_change_sd $controls if samecountry == 1 & oldworld == 0, ab(family1 family2 ccode1) cl(langID1 langID2)
58
+ esttab, keep(*csi_change_sd *csi_sd *csi_change *csi) ///
59
+ order(*csi_change_sd *csi_sd *csi_change *csi) ///
60
+ b(3) se(3) starlevels(* .10 ** 0.05 *** .01) varwidth(35) ///
61
+ varlabels(csi "Land productivity (pre-1500)" ///
62
+ csi_change "Change in land prod (post-1500)" ///
63
+ csi_sd "Land prod variation (pre-1500)" ///
64
+ csi_change_sd "Change in land prod var (post-1500)")
65
+
66
+ * Pabel B: Sibling Sample
67
+ cap drop *_p
68
+ qui reghdfe lingDist csi_sd csi_change_sd csi csi_change $controls if samecountry == 1 & sibling == 1, ab(family1 ccode1) cl(langID1 langID2)
69
+ keep if e(sample)
70
+ sum elev, detail
71
+ g elev_p = elev > r(p`p')
72
+ sum elev_sd, detail
73
+ g rugg_p = elev_sd > r(p`p')
74
+ eststo clear
75
+ eststo: reghdfe lingDist csi_sd csi_change_sd $controls if samecountry == 1 & sibling == 1, ab(family1 ccode1) cl(langID1 langID2)
76
+ eststo: reghdfe lingDist csi_sd csi_change_sd $controls if samecountry == 1 & sibling == 1 & elev_p == 1, ab(family1 ccode1) cl(langID1 langID2)
77
+ eststo: reghdfe lingDist csi_sd csi_change_sd $controls if samecountry == 1 & sibling == 1 & rugg_p == 1, ab(family1 ccode1) cl(langID1 langID2)
78
+ eststo: reghdfe lingDist csi_sd csi_change_sd $controls if samecountry == 1 & sibling == 1 & oldworld == 0, ab(family1 ccode1) cl(langID1 langID2)
79
+ esttab, keep(*csi_change_sd *csi_sd *csi_change *csi) ///
80
+ order(*csi_change_sd *csi_sd *csi_change *csi) ///
81
+ b(3) se(3) starlevels(* .10 ** 0.05 *** .01) varwidth(35) ///
82
+ varlabels(csi "Land productivity (pre-1500)" ///
83
+ csi_change "Change in land prod (post-1500)" ///
84
+ csi_sd "Land prod variation (pre-1500)" ///
85
+ csi_change_sd "Change in land prod var (post-1500)")
87/replication_package/DoFiles/EJ_Dickens_Appendix_A16.do ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+
2
+ /* ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
3
+
4
+ Replication file for
5
+
6
+ Understanding Ethnolinguistic Differences: The Roles of Geography and Trade
7
+ by Andrew Dickens
8
+
9
+ Forthcoming in The Economic Journal (2021)
10
+
11
+ This file produces Tables A16 from the Online Appendix
12
+
13
+ --------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
14
+
15
+
16
+ ***********************************************************
17
+ ************************ IMPORTANT ************************
18
+ ***********************************************************
19
+
20
+ ** User-written programs needed for execution of .do file
21
+ * ssc install reghdfe, replace
22
+
23
+
24
+ ** Set location of replication folder to run as a standalone file
25
+ * cd "~/Replication_Folder"
26
+
27
+ ***********************************************************
28
+
29
+
30
+ clear all
31
+ set more off
32
+
33
+
34
+ // Border-level control variables
35
+ global controls csi csi_change malaria elev elev_sd prec prec_sd temp temp_sd ldist_lang ldist_coast ldist_border ldist_lake ldist_rivmaj ldist_rivmin ln_langPop ln_langArea langLat_diff langLon_diff
36
+
37
+
38
+ // Table A16: Border-Level Regressions: Mediating Channel – Historical Old World Trade Routes
39
+ // ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
40
+
41
+ use "Data/EJ_Dickens_Border_100km.dta", clear
42
+
43
+ * Panel A: Full Sample
44
+ eststo clear
45
+ g ldist_pre1800_change = ldist_pre1800 - ldist_pre600
46
+ eststo: reghdfe lingDist ldist_pre600 if samecountry == 1 & oldworld == 1, ab(family1 family2 ccode1) cl(langID1 langID2)
47
+ eststo: reghdfe lingDist ldist_pre600 $controls if samecountry == 1 & oldworld == 1, ab(family1 family2 ccode1) cl(langID1 langID2)
48
+ eststo: reghdfe lingDist ldist_pre1800 if samecountry == 1 & oldworld == 1, ab(family1 family2 ccode1) cl(langID1 langID2)
49
+ eststo: reghdfe lingDist ldist_pre1800 $controls if samecountry == 1 & oldworld == 1, ab(family1 family2 ccode1) cl(langID1 langID2)
50
+ eststo: reghdfe lingDist ldist_pre600 ldist_pre1800 $controls if samecountry == 1 & oldworld == 1, ab(family1 family2 ccode1) cl(langID1 langID2)
51
+ eststo: reghdfe lingDist ldist_pre600 ldist_pre1800_change $controls if samecountry == 1 & oldworld == 1, ab(family1 family2 ccode1) cl(langID1 langID2)
52
+ esttab, keep(ldist_pre600 ldist_pre1800 ldist_pre1800_change) ///
53
+ order(ldist_pre600 ldist_pre1800 ldist_pre1800_change) ///
54
+ b(3) se(3) starlevels(* .10 ** 0.05 *** .01) varwidth(40) ///
55
+ varlabels(ldist_pre600 "Log distance to trade route pre-600" ///
56
+ ldist_pre1800 "Log distance to trade route pre-1800" ///
57
+ ldist_pre1800_change "Change log distance to trade route")
58
+
59
+ * Panel B: Sibling Sample
60
+ eststo clear
61
+ eststo: reghdfe lingDist ldist_pre600 if samecountry == 1 & oldworld == 1 & sibling == 1, ab(family1 ccode1) cl(langID1 langID2)
62
+ eststo: reghdfe lingDist ldist_pre600 $controls if samecountry == 1 & oldworld == 1 & sibling == 1, ab(family1 ccode1) cl(langID1 langID2)
63
+ eststo: reghdfe lingDist ldist_pre1800 if samecountry == 1 & oldworld == 1 & sibling == 1, ab(family1 ccode1) cl(langID1 langID2)
64
+ eststo: reghdfe lingDist ldist_pre1800 $controls if samecountry == 1 & oldworld == 1 & sibling == 1, ab(family1 ccode1) cl(langID1 langID2)
65
+ eststo: reghdfe lingDist ldist_pre600 ldist_pre1800 $controls if samecountry == 1 & oldworld == 1 & sibling == 1, ab(family1 family2 ccode1) cl(langID1 langID2)
66
+ eststo: reghdfe lingDist ldist_pre600 ldist_pre1800_change $controls if samecountry == 1 & oldworld == 1 & sibling == 1, ab(family1 ccode1) cl(langID1 langID2)
67
+ esttab, keep(ldist_pre600 ldist_pre1800 ldist_pre1800_change) ///
68
+ order(ldist_pre600 ldist_pre1800 ldist_pre1800_change) ///
69
+ b(3) se(3) starlevels(* .10 ** 0.05 *** .01) varwidth(40) ///
70
+ varlabels(ldist_pre600 "Log distance to trade route pre-600" ///
71
+ ldist_pre1800 "Log distance to trade route pre-1800" ///
72
+ ldist_pre1800_change "Change log distance to trade route")
87/replication_package/DoFiles/EJ_Dickens_Appendix_A7.do ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+
2
+ /* ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
3
+
4
+ Replication file for
5
+
6
+ Understanding Ethnolinguistic Differences: The Roles of Geography and Trade
7
+ by Andrew Dickens
8
+
9
+ Forthcoming in The Economic Journal (2021)
10
+
11
+ This file produces Tables A7 from the Online Appendix
12
+
13
+ --------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
14
+
15
+
16
+ ***********************************************************
17
+ ************************ IMPORTANT ************************
18
+ ***********************************************************
19
+
20
+ ** User-written programs needed for execution of .do file
21
+ * ssc install reghdfe, replace
22
+
23
+
24
+ ** Set location of replication folder to run as a standalone file
25
+ * cd "~/Replication_Folder"
26
+
27
+ ***********************************************************
28
+
29
+
30
+ clear all
31
+ set more off
32
+
33
+
34
+ // Border-level control variables
35
+ global prod csi csi_change
36
+ global geog malaria elev elev_sd prec prec_sd temp temp_sd
37
+ global spatial ldist_lang ldist_coast ldist_border ldist_lake ldist_rivmaj ldist_rivmin ln_langPop ln_langArea langLat_diff langLon_diff
38
+ global controls $prod $geog $spatial
39
+
40
+
41
+ // Table A7: Border-Level Regressions: Full Sample Baseline Results (50km Buffer Zone)
42
+ // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
43
+ use "Data/EJ_Dickens_Border_50km.dta", clear
44
+ eststo clear
45
+ eststo: reghdfe lingDist csi_sd csi_change_sd, ab(family1 family2) cl(langID1 langID2)
46
+ eststo: reghdfe lingDist csi_sd csi_change_sd $prod, ab(family1 family2) cl(langID1 langID2)
47
+ eststo: reghdfe lingDist csi_sd csi_change_sd $prod $geog, ab(family1 family2) cl(langID1 langID2)
48
+ eststo: reghdfe lingDist csi_sd csi_change_sd $prod $spatial, ab(family1 family2) cl(langID1 langID2)
49
+ eststo: reghdfe lingDist csi_sd csi_change_sd $controls, ab(family1 family2) cl(langID1 langID2)
50
+ eststo: reghdfe lingDist csi_sd csi_change_sd $controls if samecountry == 1, ab(family1 family2 ccode1) cl(langID1 langID2)
51
+ esttab, keep(*csi_change_sd *csi_sd *csi_change *csi) ///
52
+ order(*csi_change_sd *csi_sd *csi_change *csi) ///
53
+ b(3) se(3) starlevels(* .10 ** 0.05 *** .01) varwidth(35) ///
54
+ varlabels(csi "Land productivity (pre-1500)" ///
55
+ csi_change "Change in land prod (post-1500)" ///
56
+ csi_sd "Land prod variation (pre-1500)" ///
57
+ csi_change_sd "Change in land prod var (post-1500)")
58
+
87/replication_package/DoFiles/EJ_Dickens_Appendix_A8.do ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+
2
+ /* ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
3
+
4
+ Replication file for
5
+
6
+ Understanding Ethnolinguistic Differences: The Roles of Geography and Trade
7
+ by Andrew Dickens
8
+
9
+ Forthcoming in The Economic Journal (2021)
10
+
11
+ This file produces Tables A8 from the Online Appendix
12
+
13
+ --------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
14
+
15
+
16
+ ***********************************************************
17
+ ************************ IMPORTANT ************************
18
+ ***********************************************************
19
+
20
+ ** User-written programs needed for execution of .do file
21
+ * ssc install reghdfe, replace
22
+
23
+
24
+ ** Set location of replication folder to run as a standalone file
25
+ * cd "~/Replication_Folder"
26
+
27
+ ***********************************************************
28
+
29
+
30
+ clear all
31
+ set more off
32
+
33
+
34
+ // Border-level control variables
35
+ global controls csi csi_change malaria elev elev_sd prec prec_sd temp temp_sd ldist_lang ldist_coast ldist_border ldist_lake ldist_rivmaj ldist_rivmin ln_langPop ln_langArea langLat_diff langLon_diff
36
+
37
+
38
+ // Table A8: Border-Level Regressions: Post-Columbian Migrations Sensitivity Analysis
39
+ // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
40
+ use "Data/EJ_Dickens_Border_100km.dta", clear
41
+ eststo clear
42
+ eststo: reghdfe lingDist csi_sd csi_change_sd $controls if samecountry == 1, ab(family1 family2 ccode1) cl(langID1 langID2)
43
+ eststo: reghdfe lingDist csi_sd csi_change_sd $controls if samecountry == 1 & nativePop25 == 1, ab(family1 family2 ccode1) cl(langID1 langID2)
44
+ eststo: reghdfe lingDist csi_sd csi_change_sd $controls if samecountry == 1 & nativePop50 == 1, ab(family1 family2 ccode1) cl(langID1 langID2)
45
+ eststo: reghdfe lingDist csi_sd csi_change_sd $controls if samecountry == 1 & nativePop75 == 1, ab(family1 family2 ccode1) cl(langID1 langID2)
46
+ eststo: reghdfe lingDist csi_sd csi_change_sd $controls if samecountry == 1 & sibling == 1, ab(family1 ccode1) cl(langID1 langID2)
47
+ eststo: reghdfe lingDist csi_sd csi_change_sd $controls if samecountry == 1 & sibling == 1 & nativePop25 ==1, ab(family1 ccode1) cl(langID1 langID2)
48
+ eststo: reghdfe lingDist csi_sd csi_change_sd $controls if samecountry == 1 & sibling == 1 & nativePop50 ==1, ab(family1 ccode1) cl(langID1 langID2)
49
+ eststo: reghdfe lingDist csi_sd csi_change_sd $controls if samecountry == 1 & sibling == 1 & nativePop75 ==1, ab(family1 ccode1) cl(langID1 langID2)
50
+ esttab, keep(*csi_change_sd *csi_sd *csi_change *csi) ///
51
+ order(*csi_change_sd *csi_sd *csi_change *csi) ///
52
+ b(3) se(3) starlevels(* .10 ** 0.05 *** .01) varwidth(35) ///
53
+ varlabels(csi "Land productivity (pre-1500)" ///
54
+ csi_change "Change in land prod (post-1500)" ///
55
+ csi_sd "Land prod variation (pre-1500)" ///
56
+ csi_change_sd "Change in land prod var (post-1500)")
57
+
87/replication_package/DoFiles/EJ_Dickens_Appendix_A9_A10.do ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+
2
+ /* ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
3
+
4
+ Replication file for
5
+
6
+ Understanding Ethnolinguistic Differences: The Roles of Geography and Trade
7
+ by Andrew Dickens
8
+
9
+ Forthcoming in The Economic Journal (2021)
10
+
11
+ This file produces Tables A9 & A10 from the Online Appendix
12
+
13
+ --------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
14
+
15
+
16
+ ***********************************************************
17
+ ************************ IMPORTANT ************************
18
+ ***********************************************************
19
+
20
+ ** User-written programs needed for execution of .do file
21
+ * ssc install reghdfe, replace
22
+
23
+
24
+ ** Set location of replication folder to run as a standalone file
25
+ * cd "~/Replication_Folder"
26
+
27
+ ***********************************************************
28
+
29
+
30
+ clear all
31
+ set more off
32
+
33
+
34
+ // Border-level control variables
35
+ global controls csi csi_change malaria elev elev_sd prec prec_sd temp temp_sd ldist_lang ldist_coast ldist_border ldist_lake ldist_rivmaj ldist_rivmin ln_langPop ln_langArea langLat_diff langLon_diff
36
+
37
+
38
+ // Preliminaries
39
+ // -------------
40
+
41
+ use "Data/EJ_Dickens_Border_100km.dta", clear
42
+
43
+ keep if !missing(lingDist)
44
+
45
+ * Low and high productivity regions
46
+ xtile cutoff = csi, n(10)
47
+ sum cutoff, detail
48
+ g min10 = cutoff == r(min)
49
+ g max10 = cutoff == r(max)
50
+ drop cutoff
51
+
52
+ * Variation threshold: bottom decile
53
+ xtile cutoff = csi_sd, n(10)
54
+ sum cutoff, detail
55
+ g var10 = cutoff == r(min)
56
+ drop cutoff
57
+
58
+ * Variation threshold: bottom quartile
59
+ xtile cutoff = csi_sd, n(4)
60
+ sum cutoff, detail
61
+ g var25 = cutoff == r(min)
62
+ drop cutoff
63
+
64
+ * Generate subsample variables
65
+ g low10 = 0
66
+ replace low10 = 1 if min10 == 1 & var10 == 1 // bottom decile productivity & bottom decile producitivty variation
67
+ g high10 = 0
68
+ replace high10 = 1 if max10 == 1 & var10 == 1 // top decile productivity & bottom decile productivity variation
69
+ g mixed10 = 0
70
+ replace mixed10 = 1 if low10 == 0 & high10 == 0 // != low10 & high10
71
+ g low25 = 0
72
+ replace low25 = 1 if min10 == 1 & var25 == 1 // bottom decile productivity & bottom quartile producitivty variation
73
+ g high25 = 0
74
+ replace high25 = 1 if max10 == 1 & var25 == 1 // top decile productivity & bottom quartile productivity variation
75
+ g mixed25 = 0
76
+ replace mixed25 = 1 if low25 == 0 & high25 == 0 // != low25 & high25
77
+
78
+
79
+ // Table A9: Difference in Means: Linguistic Differences By Productivity Region Type
80
+ // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
81
+ * Panel A: Low Variation Threshold = 10th Percentile
82
+ ttest lingDist, by(low10)
83
+ ttest lingDist, by(high10)
84
+ ttest lingDist, by(mixed10)
85
+
86
+ *Panel B: Low Variation Threshold = 25th Percentile
87
+ ttest lingDist, by(low25)
88
+ ttest lingDist, by(high25)
89
+ ttest lingDist, by(mixed25)
90
+
91
+ // Table A10: Border-Level Regressions: Low Productivity Sensitivity Analysis
92
+ // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
93
+ eststo clear
94
+ eststo: reghdfe lingDist csi_sd csi_change_sd $controls if samecountry == 1, ab(family1 family2 ccode1) cl(langID1 langID2)
95
+ eststo: reghdfe lingDist csi_sd csi_change_sd $controls if samecountry == 1 & min10 == 0, ab(family1 family2 ccode1) cl(langID1 langID2)
96
+ eststo: reghdfe lingDist csi_sd csi_change_sd $controls if samecountry == 1 & low10 == 0, ab(family1 family2 ccode1) cl(langID1 langID2)
97
+ eststo: reghdfe lingDist csi_sd csi_change_sd $controls if samecountry == 1 & low25 == 0, ab(family1 family2 ccode1) cl(langID1 langID2)
98
+ eststo: reghdfe lingDist csi_sd csi_change_sd $controls if samecountry == 1 & sibling == 1, ab(family1 ccode1) cl(langID1 langID2)
99
+ eststo: reghdfe lingDist csi_sd csi_change_sd $controls if samecountry == 1 & sibling == 1 & min10 == 0, ab(family1 ccode1) cl(langID1 langID2)
100
+ eststo: reghdfe lingDist csi_sd csi_change_sd $controls if samecountry == 1 & sibling == 1 & low10 == 0, ab(family1 ccode1) cl(langID1 langID2)
101
+ eststo: reghdfe lingDist csi_sd csi_change_sd $controls if samecountry == 1 & sibling == 1 & low25 == 0, ab(family1 ccode1) cl(langID1 langID2)
102
+ esttab, keep(*csi_change_sd *csi_sd *csi_change *csi) ///
103
+ order(*csi_change_sd *csi_sd *csi_change *csi) ///
104
+ b(3) se(3) starlevels(* .10 ** 0.05 *** .01) varwidth(35) ///
105
+ varlabels(csi "Land productivity (pre-1500)" ///
106
+ csi_change "Change in land prod (post-1500)" ///
107
+ csi_sd "Land prod variation (pre-1500)" ///
108
+ csi_change_sd "Change in land prod var (post-1500)")
109
+
87/replication_package/DoFiles/EJ_Dickens_Appendix_Figs.do ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+
2
+ /* ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
3
+
4
+ Replication file for
5
+
6
+ Understanding Ethnolinguistic Differences: The Roles of Geography and Trade
7
+ by Andrew Dickens
8
+
9
+ Forthcoming in The Economic Journal (2021)
10
+
11
+ This file generates Figure A1 and A2 from the Online Appendix
12
+
13
+ --------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
14
+
15
+
16
+ ***********************************************************
17
+ ************************ IMPORTANT ************************
18
+ ***********************************************************
19
+
20
+ ** User-written programs needed for execution of .do file
21
+ * ssc install coefplot, replace
22
+
23
+
24
+ ** Set location of replication folder to run as a standalone file
25
+ * cd "~/Replication_Folder"
26
+
27
+ ***********************************************************
28
+
29
+
30
+ clear all
31
+ set more off
32
+
33
+
34
+ // Border-level control variables
35
+ global controls csi csi_change malaria elev elev_sd prec prec_sd temp temp_sd ldist_lang ldist_coast ldist_border ldist_lake ldist_rivmaj ldist_rivmin ln_langPop ln_langArea langLat_diff langLon_diff
36
+
37
+
38
+ // Figure A1: Balancedness
39
+ // -----------------------
40
+
41
+ use "Data/EJ_Dickens_Border_100km.dta", clear
42
+
43
+ * Get baseline country FE sample
44
+ qui reghdfe lingDist csi_sd csi_change_sd $controls if samecountry == 1, ab(family1 family2 ccode1) cl(langID1 langID2)
45
+ keep if e(sample)
46
+
47
+ * Discrete "treatment"
48
+ sum csi_change_sd, d
49
+ g treatment = csi_change_sd > r(p50)
50
+
51
+ * Standardize variables for balance test
52
+ local vars csi elev elev_sd prec prec_sd temp temp_sd malaria ln_langPop langPop_diff ldist_coast ldist_border ldist_lake ldist_rivmaj ldist_rivmin ldist_lang ln_langArea langArea_diff langLat_diff langLon_diff
53
+ foreach var of local vars {
54
+ egen `var'_std = std(`var')
55
+ }
56
+
57
+ * Full sample balancedness regressions
58
+ eststo clear
59
+ foreach var of local vars {
60
+ eststo: qui reghdfe `var'_std treatment if samecountry == 1, ab(family1 family2 ccode1) cl(langID1 langID2)
61
+ tempvar t`var'
62
+ g `t`var'' = _b[treatment]
63
+ di "For `var' the beta = " `t`var''
64
+ }
65
+
66
+ * Full sample balancedness figure
67
+ coefplot ///
68
+ (est1, rename(treatment = "csi") mcolor(ebblue) msymbol(d) msize(small) ciopts(recast(rcap) color(ebblue))) ///
69
+ (est2, rename(treatment = "elev") mcolor(ebblue) msymbol(d) msize(small) ciopts(recast(rcap) color(ebblue))) ///
70
+ (est3, rename(treatment = "elev_sd") mcolor(ebblue) msymbol(d) msize(small) ciopts(recast(rcap) color(ebblue))) ///
71
+ (est4, rename(treatment = "prec") mcolor(ebblue) msymbol(d) msize(small) ciopts(recast(rcap) color(ebblue))) ///
72
+ (est5, rename(treatment = "prec_sd") mcolor(ebblue) msymbol(d) msize(small) ciopts(recast(rcap) color(ebblue))) ///
73
+ (est6, rename(treatment = "temp") mcolor(ebblue) msymbol(d) msize(small) ciopts(recast(rcap) color(ebblue))) ///
74
+ (est7, rename(treatment = "temp_sd") mcolor(ebblue) msymbol(d) msize(small) ciopts(recast(rcap) color(ebblue))) ///
75
+ (est8, rename(treatment = "malaria") mcolor(ebblue) msymbol(d) msize(small) ciopts(recast(rcap) color(ebblue))) ///
76
+ (est9, rename(treatment = "ln_langPop") mcolor(ebblue) msymbol(d) msize(small) ciopts(recast(rcap) color(ebblue))) ///
77
+ (est10, rename(treatment = "langPop_diff") mcolor(ebblue) msymbol(d) msize(small) ciopts(recast(rcap) color(ebblue))) ///
78
+ (est11, rename(treatment = "ldist_coast") mcolor(ebblue) msymbol(d) msize(small) ciopts(recast(rcap) color(ebblue))) ///
79
+ (est12, rename(treatment = "ldist_border") mcolor(ebblue) msymbol(d) msize(small) ciopts(recast(rcap) color(ebblue))) ///
80
+ (est13, rename(treatment = "ldist_lake") mcolor(ebblue) msymbol(d) msize(small) ciopts(recast(rcap) color(ebblue))) ///
81
+ (est14, rename(treatment = "ldist_rivmaj") mcolor(ebblue) msymbol(d) msize(small) ciopts(recast(rcap) color(ebblue))) ///
82
+ (est15, rename(treatment = "ldist_rivmin") mcolor(ebblue) msymbol(d) msize(small) ciopts(recast(rcap) color(ebblue))) ///
83
+ (est16, rename(treatment = "ldist_lang") mcolor(ebblue) msymbol(d) msize(small) ciopts(recast(rcap) color(ebblue))) ///
84
+ (est17, rename(treatment = "ln_langArea") mcolor(ebblue) msymbol(d) msize(small) ciopts(recast(rcap) color(ebblue))) ///
85
+ (est18, rename(treatment = "langArea_diff") mcolor(ebblue) msymbol(d) msize(small) ciopts(recast(rcap) color(ebblue))) ///
86
+ (est19, rename(treatment = "langLat_diff") mcolor(ebblue) msymbol(d) msize(small) ciopts(recast(rcap) color(ebblue))) ///
87
+ (est20, rename(treatment = "langLon_diff") mcolor(ebblue) msymbol(d) msize(small) ciopts(recast(rcap) color(ebblue))), ///
88
+ xlabel(, labsize(vsmall)) xline(0) xlabel(-0.4(.1)0.4) ///
89
+ ylabel(, labsize(vsmall)) ///
90
+ drop(_cons) legend(off) offset(0) sort ///
91
+ title("{stSerif:Full Sample}", margin(b=5)) ///
92
+ name(balance_full, replace) nodraw ///
93
+ graphregion(color(white)) bgcolor(white) ///
94
+ coeflabel(csi = "Land Productivity (pre-1500)" elev = "Elevation" elev_sd = "Ruggedness" prec = "Precipitation" prec_sd = "Precipitation Variation" temp = "Temperature" temp_sd = "Temperature Variation" malaria = "Malaria" langPop_diff = "Difference in Population" ln_langPop = "Total Population" ldist_coast = "Distance to Coast" ldist_border = "Distance to Border" ldist_lake = "Distance to Lake" ldist_rivmaj = "Distance to Major River" ldist_rivmin = "Distance to Minor River" ldist_lang = "Distance Between Groups" ln_langArea = "Total Area" langArea_diff = "Difference in Area" langLat_diff = "Difference in Latitude" langLon_diff = "Difference in Longitude")
95
+
96
+ * Sibling sample balancedness regressions
97
+ drop if sibling == 0
98
+ eststo clear
99
+ foreach var of local vars {
100
+ eststo: qui reghdfe `var'_std treatment if samecountry == 1, ab(family1 family2 ccode1) cl(langID1 langID2)
101
+ tempvar t`var'
102
+ g `t`var'' = _b[treatment]
103
+ di "For `var' the beta = " `t`var''
104
+ }
105
+
106
+ * Sibling sample balancedness figure
107
+ coefplot ///
108
+ (est1, rename(treatment = "csi") mcolor(ebblue) msymbol(d) msize(small) ciopts(recast(rcap) color(ebblue))) ///
109
+ (est2, rename(treatment = "elev") mcolor(ebblue) msymbol(d) msize(small) ciopts(recast(rcap) color(ebblue))) ///
110
+ (est3, rename(treatment = "elev_sd") mcolor(ebblue) msymbol(d) msize(small) ciopts(recast(rcap) color(ebblue))) ///
111
+ (est4, rename(treatment = "prec") mcolor(ebblue) msymbol(d) msize(small) ciopts(recast(rcap) color(ebblue))) ///
112
+ (est5, rename(treatment = "prec_sd") mcolor(ebblue) msymbol(d) msize(small) ciopts(recast(rcap) color(ebblue))) ///
113
+ (est6, rename(treatment = "temp") mcolor(ebblue) msymbol(d) msize(small) ciopts(recast(rcap) color(ebblue))) ///
114
+ (est7, rename(treatment = "temp_sd") mcolor(ebblue) msymbol(d) msize(small) ciopts(recast(rcap) color(ebblue))) ///
115
+ (est8, rename(treatment = "malaria") mcolor(ebblue) msymbol(d) msize(small) ciopts(recast(rcap) color(ebblue))) ///
116
+ (est9, rename(treatment = "ln_langPop") mcolor(ebblue) msymbol(d) msize(small) ciopts(recast(rcap) color(ebblue))) ///
117
+ (est10, rename(treatment = "langPop_diff") mcolor(ebblue) msymbol(d) msize(small) ciopts(recast(rcap) color(ebblue))) ///
118
+ (est11, rename(treatment = "ldist_coast") mcolor(ebblue) msymbol(d) msize(small) ciopts(recast(rcap) color(ebblue))) ///
119
+ (est12, rename(treatment = "ldist_border") mcolor(ebblue) msymbol(d) msize(small) ciopts(recast(rcap) color(ebblue))) ///
120
+ (est13, rename(treatment = "ldist_lake") mcolor(ebblue) msymbol(d) msize(small) ciopts(recast(rcap) color(ebblue))) ///
121
+ (est14, rename(treatment = "ldist_rivmaj") mcolor(ebblue) msymbol(d) msize(small) ciopts(recast(rcap) color(ebblue))) ///
122
+ (est15, rename(treatment = "ldist_rivmin") mcolor(ebblue) msymbol(d) msize(small) ciopts(recast(rcap) color(ebblue))) ///
123
+ (est16, rename(treatment = "ldist_lang") mcolor(ebblue) msymbol(d) msize(small) ciopts(recast(rcap) color(ebblue))) ///
124
+ (est17, rename(treatment = "ln_langArea") mcolor(ebblue) msymbol(d) msize(small) ciopts(recast(rcap) color(ebblue))) ///
125
+ (est18, rename(treatment = "langArea_diff") mcolor(ebblue) msymbol(d) msize(small) ciopts(recast(rcap) color(ebblue))) ///
126
+ (est19, rename(treatment = "langLat_diff") mcolor(ebblue) msymbol(d) msize(small) ciopts(recast(rcap) color(ebblue))) ///
127
+ (est20, rename(treatment = "langLon_diff") mcolor(ebblue) msymbol(d) msize(small) ciopts(recast(rcap) color(ebblue))), ///
128
+ xlabel(, labsize(vsmall)) xline(0) xlabel(-0.4(.1)0.4) ///
129
+ ylabel(, labsize(vsmall)) ///
130
+ drop(_cons) legend(off) offset(0) sort ///
131
+ title("{stSerif:Sibling Sample}", margin(b=5)) ///
132
+ name(balance_sibling, replace) nodraw ///
133
+ graphregion(color(white)) bgcolor(white) ///
134
+ coeflabel(csi = "Land Productivity (pre-1500)" elev = "Elevation" elev_sd = "Ruggedness" prec = "Precipitation" prec_sd = "Precipitation Variation" temp = "Temperature" temp_sd = "Temperature Variation" malaria = "Malaria" langPop_diff = "Difference in Population" ln_langPop = "Total Population" ldist_coast = "Distance to Coast" ldist_border = "Distance to Border" ldist_lake = "Distance to Lake" ldist_rivmaj = "Distance to Major River" ldist_rivmin = "Distance to Minor River" ldist_lang = "Distance Between Groups" ln_langArea = "Total Area" langArea_diff = "Difference in Area" langLat_diff = "Difference in Latitude" langLon_diff = "Difference in Longitude")
135
+
136
+ * Combine graphs
137
+ graph combine balance_full balance_sibling, graphregion(color(white))
138
+
139
+
140
+ // Figure A2: Linguistic Distance and Post-1500 Change in Land Productivity Variation
141
+ // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
142
+
143
+ use "Data/EJ_Dickens_Border_100km.dta", clear
144
+
145
+ * Regressions (no fixed effects)
146
+ g b0 = csi_change_sd
147
+ lab var b0 "Full Sample"
148
+ qui reghdfe lingDist b0 csi_sd, noa cl(langID1 langID2)
149
+ eststo b0
150
+ forval i = 1/14 {
151
+ di "Branch `i'"
152
+ g b`i' = csi_change_sd
153
+ lab var b`i' "Shared branches = `i'"
154
+ qui reghdfe lingDist b`i' csi_sd if branch`i' == 1, noa cl(langID1 langID2)
155
+ eststo b`i'
156
+ }
157
+
158
+ * Basic correlations (no fixed effects)
159
+ coefplot b0 b1 b2 b3 b4 b5 b6 b7 b8 b9 b10 b11 b12 b13 b14, ///
160
+ yline(0, lpattern(dash) lcolor(red)) drop(_cons) msymbol(D) mcolor(ebblue) ///
161
+ ciopts(recast(rcap) lcolor(ebblue) lwidth(medthick)) ///
162
+ vertical graphregion(color(white)) plotregion(color(white)) legend(off) ///
163
+ bgcolor(white) xlabel(, angle(45)) xscale(range(0(1)14)) keep(b*) nooffsets ///
164
+ yscale(range(-0.3(0.1)0.1)) ylabel(-0.3(0.1)0.1) name(nofe, replace) nodraw ///
165
+ title("{stSerif:Basic Correlations (No Fixed Effects)}", size(vlarge))
166
+
167
+ * Regressions (language family fixed effects)
168
+ cap drop b0-b14
169
+ eststo clear
170
+ g b0 = csi_change_sd
171
+ lab var b0 "Full Sample"
172
+ qui reghdfe lingDist b0 csi_sd, ab(family1 family2) cl(langID1 langID2)
173
+ eststo b0
174
+ forval i = 1/14 {
175
+ di "Branch `i'"
176
+ g b`i' = csi_change_sd
177
+ lab var b`i' "Shared branches = `i'"
178
+ qui reghdfe lingDist b`i' csi_sd if branch`i' == 1, ab(family1) cl(langID1 langID2)
179
+ eststo b`i'
180
+ }
181
+
182
+ * Basic correlations (with language family fixed effects)
183
+ coefplot b0 b1 b2 b3 b4 b5 b6 b7 b8 b9 b10 b11 b12 b13 b14, ///
184
+ yline(0, lpattern(dash) lcolor(red)) drop(_cons) msymbol(D) mcolor(ebblue) ///
185
+ ciopts(recast(rcap) lcolor(ebblue) lwidth(medthick)) ///
186
+ vertical graphregion(color(white)) plotregion(color(white)) legend(off) ///
187
+ bgcolor(white) xlabel(, angle(45)) xscale(range(0(1)14)) keep(b*) nooffsets ///
188
+ yscale(range(-0.3(0.1)0.1)) ylabel(-0.3(0.1)0.1) name(fe, replace) nodraw ///
189
+ title("{stSerif:Basic Correlations (With Language Family Fixed Effects)}", size(vlarge))
190
+
191
+ * Combine graphs
192
+ graph combine nofe fe, graphregion(color(white)) cols(1) xsize(8) ysize(9) iscale(0.5)
87/replication_package/DoFiles/EJ_Dickens_Appendix_Sumstats.do ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+
2
+ /* ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
3
+
4
+ Replication file for
5
+
6
+ Understanding Ethnolinguistic Differences: The Roles of Geography and Trade
7
+ by Andrew Dickens
8
+
9
+ Forthcoming in The Economic Journal (2021)
10
+
11
+ This file produces Tables A1 and A2 from the Online Appendix
12
+
13
+ --------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
14
+
15
+
16
+ ***********************************************************
17
+ ************************ IMPORTANT ************************
18
+ ***********************************************************
19
+
20
+ ** User-written programs needed for execution of .do file
21
+ * ssc install reghdfe, replace
22
+ * ssc install sutex, replace
23
+
24
+
25
+ ** Set location of replication folder to run as a standalone file
26
+ * cd "~/Replication_Folder"
27
+
28
+ ***********************************************************
29
+
30
+
31
+ clear all
32
+ set more off
33
+
34
+
35
+ // Table A1: Summary Statistics -- Border-Level Dataset
36
+ // ----------------------------------------------------
37
+
38
+ use "Data/EJ_Dickens_Border_100km.dta", clear
39
+
40
+ * Relabel to match Table A1
41
+ lab var lingDist "Linguistic distance"
42
+ lab var csi_sd "Land productivity variation pre-1500"
43
+ lab var csi_change_sd "Delta in land productivity variation post-1500"
44
+ lab var csi "Land productivity pre-1500"
45
+ lab var csi_change "Delta in land productivity post-1500"
46
+ lab var malaria "Malaria"
47
+ lab var elev "Elevation"
48
+ lab var elev_sd "Ruggendess"
49
+ lab var prec "Precipitation"
50
+ lab var prec_sd "Precipitation variation"
51
+ lab var temp "Temperature"
52
+ lab var temp_sd "Temperature variation"
53
+ lab var ldist_lang "Log distance between group centroids"
54
+ lab var ldist_coast "Log distance to coast"
55
+ lab var ldist_border "Log distance to border"
56
+ lab var ldist_lake "Log distance to lake"
57
+ lab var ldist_rivmaj "Log distance to major river"
58
+ lab var ldist_rivmin "Log distance to minor river"
59
+ lab var ln_langPop "Log population of group pair"
60
+ lab var ln_langArea "Log area of group pair"
61
+ lab var langLat_diff "Difference in absolute latitude"
62
+ lab var langLon_diff "Difference in absolute longitude"
63
+
64
+ global controls csi csi_change malaria elev elev_sd prec prec_sd temp temp_sd ldist_lang ldist_coast ldist_border ldist_lake ldist_rivmaj ldist_rivmin ln_langPop ln_langArea langLat_diff langLon_diff
65
+
66
+ * Panel A: Full Sample
67
+ qui reghdfe lingDist csi_sd csi_change_sd, ab(family1 family2) cl(langID1 langID2)
68
+ keep if e(sample)
69
+ sum lingDist csi_sd csi_change_sd $controls
70
+ sutex lingDist csi_sd csi_change_sd $controls, minmax nobs labels digits(3) // TeX version of full sample sumstats
71
+
72
+ * Panel B: Sibling Sample
73
+ qui reghdfe lingDist csi_sd csi_change_sd if sibling == 1, ab(family1 family2) cl(langID1 langID2)
74
+ keep if e(sample)
75
+ sum lingDist csi_sd csi_change_sd $controls
76
+ sutex lingDist csi_sd csi_change_sd $controls, minmax nobs labels digits(3) // TeX version of sibling sample sumstats
77
+
78
+
79
+ // Table A2: Summary Statistics -- Group-Level Dataset
80
+ // ---------------------------------------------------
81
+
82
+ use "Data/EJ_Dickens_Group_Homeland.dta", clear
83
+
84
+ * Relabel to match Table A2
85
+ lab var agriculture "=1 if agriculture is dominant subsistence activity"
86
+ lab var pastoralism "=1 if pastoralism is dominant subsistence activity"
87
+ lab var fishing "=1 if fishing is dominant subsistence activity"
88
+ lab var huntgather "=1 if hunting-gathering is dominant subsistence activity"
89
+ lab var trade4subsist "=1 if inter-ethnic trade is important for subsistence"
90
+ lab var trade4food "=1 if rely on inter=ethnic trade as food source"
91
+ lab var exogamy_EA "=1 if exogamous community (EA)"
92
+ lab var exogamy_SCCS "=1 if exogamous community (SCCS)"
93
+ lab var attacking "=1 if frequently attacking other groups"
94
+ lab var attacked "=1 if frequenly being attached by other groups"
95
+ lab var csi_sd "Land productivity variation pre-1500"
96
+ lab var csi_change_sd "Delta in land productivity variation post-1500"
97
+ lab var csi "Land productivity pre-1500"
98
+ lab var csi_change "Delta in land productivity post-1500"
99
+ lab var elev "Elevation"
100
+ lab var elev_sd "Ruggendess"
101
+ lab var prec "Precipitation"
102
+ lab var prec_sd "Precipitation variation"
103
+ lab var temp "Temperature"
104
+ lab var temp_sd "Temperature variation"
105
+ lab var ldist_coast "Log distance to coast"
106
+ lab var ldist_border "Log distance to border"
107
+ lab var ldist_lake "Log distance to lake"
108
+ lab var ldist_rivmaj "Log distance to major river"
109
+ lab var ldist_rivmin "Log distance to minor river"
110
+ lab var ln_langPop "Log population"
111
+ lab var ln_langArea "Log land area"
112
+ lab var langLat "Latitude of group centroid"
113
+ lab var langLon "Longitude of group centroid"
114
+
115
+ global controls csi csi_change csi_sd csi_change_sd elev elev_sd prec prec_sd temp temp_sd ldist_coast ldist_border ldist_lake ldist_rivmaj ldist_rivmin ln_langPop ln_langArea langLat langLon
116
+
117
+ * Correct variables for missing regression observations before sumstats
118
+ eststo: qui reghdfe trade4subsist $controls, ab(ccode family) cl(ccode)
119
+ replace trade4subsist = . if e(sample) == 0
120
+ eststo: qui reghdfe trade4food $controls, ab(ccode family) cl(ccode)
121
+ replace trade4food = . if e(sample) == 0
122
+ eststo: qui reghdfe exogamy_EA $controls, ab(ccode family) cl(ccode)
123
+ replace exogamy_EA = . if e(sample) == 0
124
+ eststo: qui reghdfe exogamy_SCCS $controls, ab(ccode family) cl(ccode)
125
+ replace exogamy_SCCS = . if e(sample) == 0
126
+ eststo: qui reghdfe attacking $controls, ab(ccode family) cl(ccode)
127
+ replace attacking = . if e(sample) == 0
128
+ eststo: qui reghdfe attacked $controls, ab(ccode family) cl(ccode)
129
+ replace attacked = . if e(sample) == 0
130
+
131
+ qui reghdfe agriculture $controls, ab(ccode family) cl(ccode)
132
+ keep if e(sample)
133
+ sum agriculture pastoralism fishing huntgather trade4subsist trade4food exogamy_EA exogamy_SCCS attacking attacked $controls
134
+ sutex agriculture pastoralism fishing huntgather trade4subsist trade4food exogamy_EA exogamy_SCCS attacking attacked $controls, minmax nobs labels
87/replication_package/DoFiles/EJ_Dickens_Paper_Tables&Figs.do ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,285 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+
2
+ /* ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
3
+
4
+ Replication file for
5
+
6
+ Understanding Ethnolinguistic Differences: The Roles of Geography and Trade
7
+ by Andrew Dickens
8
+
9
+ Forthcoming in The Economic Journal (2021)
10
+
11
+ This file generates the following tables & figures from the main paper:
12
+ Table 1 (and Table A3 in the appendix)
13
+ Table 2 (and Table A4 in the appendix)
14
+ Table 3 (and Table A5 in the appendix)
15
+ Table 4 (and Table A6 in the appendix)
16
+ Figure 2
17
+ Figure 7
18
+ Figure 8
19
+ Figure 9
20
+
21
+ --------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
22
+
23
+
24
+ ***********************************************************
25
+ ************************ IMPORTANT ************************
26
+ ***********************************************************
27
+
28
+ ** User-written programs needed for execution of .do file
29
+ * ssc install reghdfe, replace
30
+ * ssc install estout, replace
31
+ * net install grc1leg2.pkg, from (http://digital.cgdev.org/doc/stata/MO/Misc/)
32
+ * ssc install gtools
33
+ * net install binscatter2, from("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdroste/stata-binscatter2/master/")
34
+
35
+
36
+ ** Set location of replication folder to run as a standalone file
37
+ * cd "~/Replication_Folder"
38
+
39
+ ***********************************************************
40
+
41
+
42
+ clear all
43
+ set more off
44
+
45
+
46
+ **********************************
47
+ ** BORDER-LEVEL ANALYSIS TABLES **
48
+ **********************************
49
+
50
+
51
+ // Border-level control variables
52
+ global prod csi csi_change
53
+ global geog malaria elev elev_sd prec prec_sd temp temp_sd
54
+ global spatial ldist_lang ldist_coast ldist_border ldist_lake ldist_rivmaj ldist_rivmin ln_langPop ln_langArea langLat_diff langLon_diff
55
+ global controls $prod $geog $spatial
56
+
57
+
58
+ // Table 1: Border-Level Regressions: Full Sample Baseline Estimates
59
+ use "Data/EJ_Dickens_Border_100km.dta", clear
60
+ eststo clear
61
+ eststo: reghdfe lingDist csi_sd csi_change_sd, ab(family1 family2) cl(langID1 langID2)
62
+ eststo: reghdfe lingDist csi_sd csi_change_sd $prod, ab(family1 family2) cl(langID1 langID2)
63
+ eststo: reghdfe lingDist csi_sd csi_change_sd $prod $geog, ab(family1 family2) cl(langID1 langID2)
64
+ eststo: reghdfe lingDist csi_sd csi_change_sd $prod $spatial, ab(family1 family2) cl(langID1 langID2)
65
+ eststo: reghdfe lingDist csi_sd csi_change_sd $controls, ab(family1 family2) cl(langID1 langID2)
66
+ eststo: reghdfe lingDist csi_sd csi_change_sd $controls if samecountry == 1, ab(family1 family2 ccode1) cl(langID1 langID2)
67
+ esttab, keep(*csi_change_sd *csi_sd *csi_change *csi) ///
68
+ order(*csi_change_sd *csi_sd *csi_change *csi) ///
69
+ b(3) se(3) starlevels(* .10 ** 0.05 *** .01) varwidth(35) ///
70
+ varlabels(csi "Land productivity (pre-1500)" ///
71
+ csi_change "Change in land prod (post-1500)" ///
72
+ csi_sd "Land prod variation (pre-1500)" ///
73
+ csi_change_sd "Change in land prod var (post-1500)")
74
+
75
+ * Note that Table A3 in the Online Appendix is a reproduction of Table 1
76
+
77
+
78
+ // Table 2: Border-Level Regressions: Sibling Sample Baseline Estimates
79
+ use "Data/EJ_Dickens_Border_100km.dta", clear
80
+ eststo clear
81
+ eststo: reghdfe lingDist csi_sd csi_change_sd if sibling == 1, ab(family1) cl(langID1 langID2)
82
+ eststo: reghdfe lingDist csi_sd csi_change_sd $prod if sibling == 1, ab(family1) cl(langID1 langID2)
83
+ eststo: reghdfe lingDist csi_sd csi_change_sd $prod $geog if sibling == 1, ab(family1) cl(langID1 langID2)
84
+ eststo: reghdfe lingDist csi_sd csi_change_sd $prod $spatial if sibling == 1, ab(family1) cl(langID1 langID2)
85
+ eststo: reghdfe lingDist csi_sd csi_change_sd $controls if sibling == 1, ab(family1) cl(langID1 langID2)
86
+ eststo: reghdfe lingDist csi_sd csi_change_sd $controls if samecountry == 1 & sibling == 1, ab(family1 ccode1) cl(langID1 langID2)
87
+ esttab, keep(*csi_change_sd *csi_sd *csi_change *csi) ///
88
+ order(*csi_change_sd *csi_sd *csi_change *csi) ///
89
+ b(3) se(3) starlevels(* .10 ** 0.05 *** .01) varwidth(35) ///
90
+ varlabels(csi "Land productivity (pre-1500)" ///
91
+ csi_change "Change in land prod (post-1500)" ///
92
+ csi_sd "Land prod variation (pre-1500)" ///
93
+ csi_change_sd "Change in land prod var (post-1500)")
94
+
95
+ * Note that Table A4 in the Online Appendix is a reproduction of Table 2
96
+
97
+
98
+
99
+ *********************************
100
+ ** GROUP-LEVEL ANALYSIS TABLES **
101
+ *********************************
102
+
103
+
104
+ // Group-level control variables
105
+ global controls csi csi_change csi_sd csi_change_sd elev elev_sd prec prec_sd temp temp_sd ldist_coast ldist_border ldist_lake ldist_rivmaj ldist_rivmin ln_langPop ln_langArea langLat langLon
106
+
107
+
108
+ // Table 3: Group-Level Regressions: Historical Subsistence Activity and Land Productivity
109
+ use "Data/EJ_Dickens_Group_Homeland.dta", clear
110
+ eststo clear
111
+ eststo: reghdfe agriculture $controls, ab(ccode family) cl(ccode)
112
+ eststo: reghdfe pastoralism $controls, ab(ccode family) cl(ccode)
113
+ eststo: reghdfe fishing $controls, ab(ccode family) cl(ccode)
114
+ eststo: reghdfe huntgather $controls, ab(ccode family) cl(ccode)
115
+ esttab, keep(*csi_change_sd *csi_sd *csi_change *csi) ///
116
+ order(*csi_change_sd *csi_sd *csi_change *csi) ///
117
+ b(3) se(3) starlevels(* .10 ** 0.05 *** .01) varwidth(35) ///
118
+ varlabels(csi "Land productivity (pre-1500)" ///
119
+ csi_change "Change in land prod (post-1500)" ///
120
+ csi_sd "Land prod variation (pre-1500)" ///
121
+ csi_change_sd "Change in land prod var (post-1500)")
122
+
123
+ * Note that Table A5 in the Online Appendix is a reproduction of Table 3
124
+
125
+
126
+ // Table 4: Group-Level Regressions: Social Interactions and Land Productivity Variation
127
+ use "Data/EJ_Dickens_Group_Homeland.dta", clear
128
+ eststo clear
129
+ eststo: reghdfe trade4subsist $controls, ab(ccode family) cl(ccode)
130
+ eststo: reghdfe trade4food $controls, ab(ccode family) cl(ccode)
131
+ eststo: reghdfe exogamy_EA $controls, ab(ccode family) cl(ccode)
132
+ eststo: reghdfe exogamy_SCCS $controls, ab(ccode family) cl(ccode)
133
+ eststo: reghdfe attacking $controls, ab(ccode family) cl(ccode)
134
+ eststo: reghdfe attacked $controls, ab(ccode family) cl(ccode)
135
+ esttab, keep(*csi_change_sd *csi_sd *csi_change *csi) ///
136
+ order(*csi_change_sd *csi_sd *csi_change *csi) ///
137
+ b(3) se(3) starlevels(* .10 ** 0.05 *** .01) varwidth(35) ///
138
+ varlabels(csi "Land productivity (pre-1500)" ///
139
+ csi_change "Change in land prod (post-1500)" ///
140
+ csi_sd "Land prod variation (pre-1500)" ///
141
+ csi_change_sd "Change in land prod var (post-1500)")
142
+
143
+ * Note that Table A6 in the Online Appendix is a reproduction of Table 4
144
+
145
+
146
+
147
+ ***********************************
148
+ ** BORDER-LEVEL ANALYSIS FIGURES **
149
+ ***********************************
150
+
151
+
152
+ // Figure 2: Distribution of Linguistic Distance by Samples
153
+ use "Data/EJ_Dickens_Border_100km.dta", clear
154
+ sum csi_change_sd if !missing(lingDist), detail
155
+ g p25 = csi_change_sd <= r(p25)
156
+ g p75 = csi_change_sd >= r(p75)
157
+ twoway (kdensity lingDist if p75, lcolor(ebblue) lwidth(medthick)) ///
158
+ (kdensity lingDist if p25, lcolor(red) lwidth(medthick) lpattern(dash)), ///
159
+ legend(order( ///
160
+ 1 "Top quartile post-Columbian change in land productivity variation" ///
161
+ 2 "Bottom quartile post-Columbian change in land productivity variation" ///
162
+ ) row(2)) ///
163
+ title("{stSerif:Unadjusted Sample}") ///
164
+ ytitle("Density") ///
165
+ xtitle("Linguistic Distance [0,1]") ///
166
+ name(full_density, replace) nodraw ///
167
+ graphregion(color(white)) bgcolor(white) ///
168
+ legend(size(medsmall))
169
+ keep if sibling == 1
170
+ drop p25 p75
171
+ sum csi_change_sd, detail
172
+ g p25 = csi_change_sd <= r(p25)
173
+ g mid = csi_change_sd >= r(p50)
174
+ g p75 = csi_change_sd >= r(p75)
175
+ twoway (kdensity lingDist if p75, lcolor(ebblue) lwidth(medthick)) ///
176
+ (kdensity lingDist if p25, lcolor(red) lwidth(medthick) lpattern(dash)), ///
177
+ legend(order( ///
178
+ 1 "Top quartile post-Columbian change in land productivity variation" ///
179
+ 2 "Bottom quartile post-Columbian change in land productivity variation" ///
180
+ ) row(2)) ///
181
+ title("{stSerif:Sibling Sample}") ///
182
+ ytitle("Density") ///
183
+ xtitle("Linguistic Distance [0,1]") ///
184
+ name(sibling_density, replace) nodraw ///
185
+ graphregion(color(white)) bgcolor(white) ///
186
+ legend(size(medsmall))
187
+ grc1leg2 full_density sibling_density, graphregion(color(white)) ///
188
+ name(quartiles, replace) col(2) legendfrom(full_density) xsize(8)
189
+ graph display quartiles, xsize(8)
190
+
191
+
192
+ // Figure 7: Border-Level Scatterplot: Linguistic Distance and Land Productivity Variation
193
+ use "Data/EJ_Dickens_Border_100km.dta", clear
194
+ binscatter2 lingDist csi_change_sd, controls(csi_sd) ///
195
+ ab(family1 family2) name(full_csi, replace) nodraw ///
196
+ msymbols(Oh) mcolors(ebblue) lcolors(red) bgcolor(white) ///
197
+ title("{stSerif:Full Sample}", size(huge)) ///
198
+ xtitle("Post-Columbian change in land productivity variation", size(large)) ///
199
+ ytitle("Linguistic distance", size(large))
200
+ binscatter2 lingDist csi_change_sd if sibling == 1, controls(csi_sd) ///
201
+ ab(family1) name(sibling_csi, replace) nodraw ///
202
+ msymbols(Oh) mcolors(ebblue) lcolors(red) bgcolor(white) ///
203
+ title("{stSerif:Sibling Sample}", size(huge)) ///
204
+ xtitle("Post-Columbian change in land productivity variation", size(large)) ///
205
+ ytitle("Linguistic distance", size(large))
206
+ graph combine full_csi sibling_csi, graphregion(color(white)) ///
207
+ xsize(18) ysize(7)
208
+
209
+
210
+ **********************************
211
+ ** GROUP-LEVEL ANALYSIS FIGURES **
212
+ **********************************
213
+
214
+
215
+ // Figure 8: Group-Level Scatterplot: Historical Subsistence Activity and Land Productivity
216
+ use "Data/EJ_Dickens_Group_Homeland.dta", clear
217
+ binscatter2 agriculture csi_change, control(csi) ///
218
+ ab(family ccode) name(agriculture, replace) nodraw ///
219
+ msymbols(Oh) mcolors(ebblue) lcolors(red) bgcolor(white) ///
220
+ title("{stSerif:Agriculture}", size(large)) ///
221
+ xtitle("Post-Columbian change land productivity", size(med)) ///
222
+ ytitle("")
223
+ binscatter2 pastoralism csi_change, control(csi) ///
224
+ ab(family ccode) name(pastoralism, replace) nodraw ///
225
+ msymbols(Oh) mcolors(ebblue) lcolors(red) bgcolor(white) ///
226
+ title("{stSerif:Pastoralism}", size(large)) ///
227
+ xtitle("Post-Columbian change land productivity", size(med)) ///
228
+ ytitle("")
229
+ binscatter2 fishing csi_change, control(csi) ///
230
+ ab(family ccode) name(fishing, replace) nodraw ///
231
+ msymbols(Oh) mcolors(ebblue) lcolors(red) bgcolor(white) ///
232
+ title("{stSerif:Fishing}", size(large)) ///
233
+ xtitle("Post-Columbian change land productivity", size(med)) ///
234
+ ytitle("")
235
+ binscatter2 huntgather csi_change, control(csi) ///
236
+ ab(family ccode) name(huntgather, replace) nodraw ///
237
+ msymbols(Oh) mcolors(ebblue) lcolors(red) bgcolor(white) ///
238
+ title("{stSerif:Hunter-Gatherer}", size(large)) ///
239
+ xtitle("Post-Columbian change land productivity", size(med)) ///
240
+ ytitle("")
241
+ graph combine agriculture pastoralism fishing huntgather, ///
242
+ graphregion(color(white)) cols(2)
243
+
244
+
245
+ // Figure 9: Group-Level Scatterplot: Social Interactions and Land Productivity Variation
246
+ use "Data/EJ_Dickens_Group_Homeland.dta", clear
247
+ binscatter2 trade4subsist csi_change_sd, control(csi_sd) ///
248
+ ab(family ccode) name(trade4subsist, replace) nodraw ///
249
+ msymbols(Oh) mcolors(ebblue) lcolors(red) bgcolor(white) ///
250
+ title("{stSerif:Reliant on Trade for Subsistence (SCCS)}", size(vlarge)) ///
251
+ xtitle("Post-Columbian change land productivity variation", size(medlarge)) ///
252
+ ytitle("")
253
+ binscatter2 trade4food csi_change_sd, control(csi_sd) ///
254
+ ab(family ccode) name(trade4food, replace) nodraw ///
255
+ msymbols(Oh) mcolors(ebblue) lcolors(red) bgcolor(white) ///
256
+ title("{stSerif:Reliant on Trade for Food (SCCS)}", size(vlarge)) ///
257
+ xtitle("Post-Columbian change land productivity variation", size(medlarge)) ///
258
+ ytitle("")
259
+ binscatter2 exogamy_EA csi_change_sd, control(csi_sd) ///
260
+ ab(family ccode) name(exogamy_EA, replace) nodraw ///
261
+ msymbols(Oh) mcolors(ebblue) lcolors(red) bgcolor(white) ///
262
+ title("{stSerif:Exogamous Community (EA)}", size(vlarge)) ///
263
+ xtitle("Post-Columbian change land productivity variation", size(medlarge)) ///
264
+ ytitle("")
265
+ binscatter2 exogamy_SCCS csi_change_sd, control(csi_sd) ///
266
+ ab(family ccode) name(exogamy_SCCS, replace) nodraw ///
267
+ msymbols(Oh) mcolors(ebblue) lcolors(red) bgcolor(white) ///
268
+ title("{stSerif:Exogamous Community (SCCS)}", size(vlarge)) ///
269
+ xtitle("Post-Columbian change land productivity variation", size(medlarge)) ///
270
+ ytitle("")
271
+ binscatter2 attacking csi_change_sd, control(csi_sd) ///
272
+ ab(family ccode) name(attacking, replace) nodraw ///
273
+ msymbols(Oh) mcolors(ebblue) lcolors(red) bgcolor(white) ///
274
+ title("{stSerif:Conflict: Attacks Others (SCCS)}", size(vlarge)) ///
275
+ xtitle("Post-Columbian change land productivity variation", size(medlarge)) ///
276
+ ytitle("")
277
+ binscatter2 attacked csi_change_sd, control(csi_sd) ///
278
+ ab(family ccode) name(attacked, replace) nodraw ///
279
+ msymbols(Oh) mcolors(ebblue) lcolors(red) bgcolor(white) ///
280
+ title("{stSerif:Conflict: Attacked by Others (SCCS)}", size(vlarge)) ///
281
+ xtitle("Post-Columbian change land productivity variation", size(medlarge)) ///
282
+ ytitle("")
283
+ graph combine trade4subsist trade4food exogamy_EA exogamy_SCCS attacking attacked, ///
284
+ graphregion(color(white)) cols(2) ysize(5) xsize(6.5) iscale(0.5)
285
+
87/replication_package/EJ_Dickens_Replicate_All.do ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+
2
+ /* ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
3
+
4
+ Replication file for
5
+
6
+ Understanding Ethnolinguistic Differences: The Roles of Geography and Trade
7
+ by Andrew Dickens
8
+
9
+ Forthcoming in The Economic Journal (2021)
10
+
11
+ This master file reproduces all tables & figures from the paper and appendix
12
+
13
+ --------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
14
+
15
+
16
+ ***********************************************************
17
+ ************************ IMPORTANT ************************
18
+ ***********************************************************
19
+
20
+ ** User-written programs needed for execution
21
+ * ssc install reghdfe, replace
22
+ * ssc install estout, replace
23
+ * ssc install gtools, replace
24
+ * ssc install sutex, replace
25
+ * ssc install coefplot, replace
26
+ * ssc install acreg, replace
27
+ * net install grc1leg2.pkg, from (http://digital.cgdev.org/doc/stata/MO/Misc/)
28
+ * net install binscatter2, from("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdroste/stata-binscatter2/master/")
29
+
30
+
31
+ ** Set location of replication folder
32
+ cd "/Users/andrewdickens/Dropbox/Academics/Research/LingDist_Geog/Submission/MS20200547_Files/3 Replication Package"
33
+
34
+ ***********************************************************
35
+
36
+
37
+ // Create log file
38
+ log using "EJ_Dickens_Replication.log", replace
39
+
40
+
41
+ ****************
42
+ ** MAIN PAPER **
43
+ ****************
44
+
45
+ do "DoFiles/EJ_Dickens_Paper_Tables&Figs.do" // Tables 1-4 & Figures 2, 7, 8, 9
46
+
47
+
48
+ **************
49
+ ** APPENDIX **
50
+ **************
51
+
52
+ do "DoFiles/EJ_Dickens_Appendix_Figs.do" // Figures A1 & A2
53
+ do "DoFiles/EJ_Dickens_Appendix_SumStats.do" // Tables A1 & A2
54
+ do "DoFiles/EJ_Dickens_Appendix_A7.do" // Table A7
55
+ do "DoFiles/EJ_Dickens_Appendix_A8.do" // Table A8
56
+ do "DoFiles/EJ_Dickens_Appendix_A9_A10.do" // Tables A9 & A10
57
+ do "DoFiles/EJ_Dickens_Appendix_A11.do" // Table A11
58
+ do "DoFiles/EJ_Dickens_Appendix_A12.do" // Table A12
59
+ do "DoFiles/EJ_Dickens_Appendix_A13.do" // Table A13
60
+ do "DoFiles/EJ_Dickens_Appendix_A14.do" // Table A14
61
+ do "DoFiles/EJ_Dickens_Appendix_A15.do" // Table A15
62
+ do "DoFiles/EJ_Dickens_Appendix_A16.do" // Table A16
63
+
64
+
65
+ // Close log file
66
+ log close
87/replication_package/LaTeX/EJ_Dickens_Fig3.tex ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ \documentclass[pstricks,border=12pt]{standalone}
2
+ \usepackage{amsmath}
3
+ \usepackage{pgfplots}
4
+ \pgfplotsset{compat=1.13}
5
+ \usetikzlibrary{decorations.pathreplacing}
6
+
7
+ \begin{document}
8
+
9
+ \begin{tikzpicture}[scale = 2]
10
+
11
+ \begin{axis}[
12
+ title={\\~\\~\\~\\},
13
+ xlabel={\scriptsize{Land Productivity Variation ($\theta$)}},
14
+ restrict y to domain=0:0.4,
15
+ xmin=0,xmax=1,
16
+ ymin=0,ymax=0.4,
17
+ xtick={0,0.4,0.547405,1},
18
+ xticklabels={$0$,$\theta^*_P$,$\theta^*_R$,$1$},
19
+ xtick pos = left,
20
+ xtick align=outside,
21
+ ytick={0,0.11082562376,0.3068528194400546905827},
22
+ yticklabels={,$\kappa$,$\bar{\kappa}$},
23
+ ticklabel style = {font=\tiny},
24
+ ]
25
+
26
+ % Gains from trade
27
+ \addplot[domain=0:1,samples=150,smooth,thick] {x - ln(1+x)} node[above left,pos=1] {$\Delta_R(\theta)$};
28
+ \addplot[domain=0:1,samples=150,smooth,thick] {-x - ln(1-x)} node[below left,pos=1] { $\Delta_P(\theta)$};
29
+
30
+ % Theta = 1
31
+ \draw[dashed,thin] (0,0.3068528194400546905827) -- (1,0.3068528194400546905827) ;
32
+
33
+ % Utility cost line
34
+ \draw[thin] (0,0.11082562376) -- (1,0.11082562376) ;
35
+ \draw[dotted,thin] (0.4,0) -- (0.4,0.11082562376) ;
36
+ \draw[dotted,thin] (0.547405,0) -- (0.547405,0.11082562376) ;
37
+
38
+ \end{axis}
39
+
40
+ \end{tikzpicture}
41
+ \end{document}
87/replication_package/LaTeX/EJ_Dickens_Fig6.tex ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ \documentclass{article}
2
+ \usepackage[usenames,dvipsnames]{xcolor}
3
+ \usepackage{tikz}
4
+ \usepackage{tikz-qtree}
5
+
6
+ \begin{document}
7
+
8
+ \begin{tikzpicture}[level distance=1.5cm, sibling distance=0.3cm, scale=.9]
9
+
10
+ % Language tree
11
+ \Tree
12
+ [
13
+ \edge[dashed]; [.Nilo-Saharan
14
+ [.\node(kunama1){};
15
+ \edge[draw=none];
16
+ [\edge[draw=none];
17
+ [\edge[draw=none];
18
+ [\edge[draw=none];
19
+ [.\node(kunama2){Kunama}; ] ] ] ] ]
20
+ [.{Eastern Sudanic}
21
+ [.\node(eastern){Eastern};
22
+ \edge[draw=none];
23
+ [\edge[draw=none];
24
+ [\edge[draw=none]; [.\node(nara){Nara}; ] ] ] ] ] ]
25
+ \edge[dashed]; [.Afro-Asiatic
26
+ [.Semetic
27
+ [.South
28
+ [.Ethiopian
29
+ [.North \color{PineGreen}\textbf{Tigre} \color{PineGreen}\textbf{Tigringa} ] ] ]
30
+ [.Cushitic
31
+ [.\node(north){North};
32
+ \edge[draw=none];
33
+ [\edge[draw=none];
34
+ [.\node(bedawiyet){Bedawiyet}; ] ] ]
35
+ [.Central
36
+ [.Northern {Bilen} ] ]
37
+ [.East
38
+ [.Saho-Afar \color{RoyalBlue}\textbf{Saho} \color{RoyalBlue}\textbf{Afar} ] ] ] ] ] ]
39
+
40
+ % Multi-level dashed lines
41
+ \begin{scope}[dashed]
42
+ \draw (kunama1) -- (kunama2);
43
+ \draw (eastern) -- (nara);
44
+ \draw (north) -- (bedawiyet);
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+ <!DOCTYPE metadata SYSTEM "http://www.fgdc.gov/metadata/fgdc-std-001-1998.dtd">
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+ <metadata>
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+ <idinfo>
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+ <citation>
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+ <citeinfo>
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+ <pubdate>Various; see PDF documentation or file date</pubdate>
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+ <geoform Sync="TRUE">vector digital data</geoform>
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+ <serinfo>
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+ <sername>GMI Geodata (GMMS and/or WorldGeoDataSets.com)</sername>
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+ <issue>Various; see included PDF documentation</issue>
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+ </serinfo>
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+ <pubinfo>
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+ <pubplace>Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA</pubplace>
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+ <publish>Global Mapping International</publish>
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+ <timeinfo>
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+ <sngdate>
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+ <caldate>unknown</caldate>
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+ </sngdate>
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+ </timeinfo>
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+ <current>See PDF release documentation</current>
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+ </timeperd>
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+ <status>
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+ <progress>Complete</progress>
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+ <update>Irregular</update>
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+ <keywords>
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+ <theme>
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+ <themekt>REQUIRED: Reference to a formally registered thesaurus or a similar authoritative source of theme keywords.</themekt><themekey>REQUIRED: Common-use word or phrase used to describe the subject of the data set.</themekey></theme>
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+ </keywords>
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+ <accconst>Generally available only to specific nonprofit organizations a part of the Global Ministry Mapping System, or under specific license from Global Mapping International</accconst>
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+ <useconst>See World GeoDatasets or Global Ministry Mapping System End-User License Agreement or other license agreement for use constraints. Use is prohibited except under license.</useconst>
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+ <ptcontac>
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+ <cntinfo>
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+ <cntperp>
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+ <cntper>William E. Dickson</cntper>
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+ <cntorg>Global Mapping International</cntorg>
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+ </cntperp>
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+ <cntpos>Vice President</cntpos>
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+ <cntvoice>+1-719-531-3599</cntvoice>
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+ <cntfax>+1-719-548-7459</cntfax>
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+ <cntemail>[email protected]</cntemail>
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+ <hours>0830-1700 MT (GMT -7) M-F</hours>
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+ </cntinfo>
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+ </ptcontac>
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+ <native Sync="TRUE">Microsoft Windows Vista Version 6.0 (Build 6002) Service Pack 2; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.3.1.4000</native><natvform Sync="TRUE">Shapefile</natvform></idinfo>
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+ <spdoinfo>
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+ <direct Sync="TRUE">Vector</direct>
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+ <ptvctinf><esriterm Name="DCW_africa"><efeatyp Sync="TRUE">Simple</efeatyp><efeageom code="4" Sync="TRUE"></efeageom><esritopo Sync="TRUE">FALSE</esritopo><efeacnt Sync="TRUE">0</efeacnt><spindex Sync="TRUE">FALSE</spindex><linrefer Sync="TRUE">FALSE</linrefer></esriterm></ptvctinf></spdoinfo>
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+ <horizdn Sync="TRUE">D_WGS_1984</horizdn>
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+ <udom Sync="TRUE">Coordinates defining the features.</udom>
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+ <cntinfo>
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+ <cntorgp>
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+ <cntorg>Global Mapping International</cntorg>
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+ <cntper>William E. Dickson</cntper>
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+ </cntorgp>
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+ <cntpos>Vice President</cntpos>
124
+ <cntvoice>+1-719-531-3599</cntvoice>
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+ <cntfax>+1-719-548-7459</cntfax>
126
+ <cntemail>[email protected]</cntemail>
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+ <hours>0830-1700 MT (GMT -7) M-F</hours>
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+ </cntinfo>
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+ </distrib>
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+ <resdesc>Distributed to nonprofit Christian ministries as part of the Global Ministry Mapping System www.gmi.org/products/gmms; may also be available as part of one or more datasets offered on www.worldgeodatasets.com</resdesc>
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+ <distliab>Redistribution prohibited except as specifically permitted under license received from Global Mapping International. If you have received this data without such a license, discontinue use and contact: [email protected] to obtain necessary license.</distliab>
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+ <transize>0.022</transize>
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+ </digform>
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+ <fees>Varies</fees>
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+ <ordering>See www.worldgeodatasets.com. Christian ministries see http://www.gmi.org/products/gmms for information on organizational qualifications and ordering</ordering>
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+ <cntorg>Global Mapping International</cntorg>
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+ <cntper>William E. Dickson</cntper>
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+ <cntaddr>
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+ <addrtype>mailing address</addrtype>
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+ <address>PO Box 63719</address>
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+ <city>Colorado Springs</city>
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+ <state>CO</state>
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+ <postal>80962-3719</postal>
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+ <country>USA</country>
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+ </cntaddr>
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+ <cntvoice>+1-719-531-3599</cntvoice>
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+ <cntfax>+1-719-548-7459</cntfax>
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+ <metstdn Sync="TRUE">FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata</metstdn>
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+ <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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+ <metadata>
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+ <idinfo>
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+ <citation>
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+ <citeinfo>
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+ <pubdate>Various; see PDF documentation or file date</pubdate>
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+ <geoform Sync="TRUE">vector digital data</geoform>
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+ <serinfo>
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+ <sername>GMI Geodata (GMMS and/or WorldGeoDataSets.com)</sername>
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+ <issue>Various; see included PDF documentation</issue>
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+ </serinfo>
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+ <pubinfo>
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+ <pubplace>Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA</pubplace>
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+ <publish>Global Mapping International</publish>
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+ </pubinfo>
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+ <onlink></onlink>
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+ <origin>Global Mapping International</origin><title>Language areas</title><ftname Sync="TRUE">langa</ftname></citeinfo>
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+ </citation>
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+ <descript>
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+ <supplinf>Copyright (c)2011 Global Mapping International. All Rights Reserved. Use permitted only subject to explicit written license</supplinf>
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+ <langdata Sync="TRUE">en</langdata><abstract>Language areas</abstract><purpose>REQUIRED: A summary of the intentions with which the data set was developed.</purpose></descript>
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+ <timeperd>
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+ <timeinfo>
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+ <sngdate>
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+ <caldate>unknown</caldate>
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+ </sngdate>
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+ </timeinfo>
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+ <current>See PDF release documentation</current>
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+ </timeperd>
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+ <status>
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+ <progress>Complete</progress>
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+ <update>Irregular</update>
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+ </status>
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+ <spdom>
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+ <bounding>
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+ <westbc Sync="TRUE">-179.999999</westbc>
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+ <eastbc Sync="TRUE">180.000000</eastbc>
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+ <northbc Sync="TRUE">75.997413</northbc>
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+ <southbc Sync="TRUE">-55.723325</southbc>
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+ </bounding>
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+ <lboundng><leftbc Sync="TRUE">-179.999999</leftbc><rightbc Sync="TRUE">180.000000</rightbc><bottombc Sync="TRUE">-55.723325</bottombc><topbc Sync="TRUE">75.997413</topbc></lboundng></spdom>
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+ <keywords>
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+ <theme>
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+ <themekt>REQUIRED: Reference to a formally registered thesaurus or a similar authoritative source of theme keywords.</themekt><themekey>REQUIRED: Common-use word or phrase used to describe the subject of the data set.</themekey></theme>
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+ </keywords>
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+ <accconst>Generally available only to specific nonprofit organizations a part of the Global Ministry Mapping System, or under specific license from Global Mapping International</accconst>
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+ <useconst>See World GeoDatasets or Global Ministry Mapping System End-User License Agreement or other license agreement for use constraints. Use is prohibited except under license.</useconst>
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+ <ptcontac>
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+ <cntinfo>
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+ <cntperp>
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+ <cntper>William E. Dickson</cntper>
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+ <cntorg>Global Mapping International</cntorg>
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+ </cntperp>
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+ <cntpos>Vice President</cntpos>
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+ <cntvoice>+1-719-531-3599</cntvoice>
56
+ <cntfax>+1-719-548-7459</cntfax>
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+ <cntemail>[email protected]</cntemail>
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+ <hours>0830-1700 MT (GMT -7) M-F</hours>
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+ </cntinfo>
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+ </ptcontac>
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+ <native Sync="TRUE">Microsoft Windows Vista Version 6.0 (Build 6002) Service Pack 2; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.3.1.4000</native><natvform Sync="TRUE">Shapefile</natvform></idinfo>
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+ <dataqual>
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+ <lineage>
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+ <srcinfo><srccite><citeinfo><title>Vector Map Level 0, Edition 5</title><origin>Global Mapping International</origin><pubdate>Various; see PDF documentation or file date</pubdate><edition>5</edition><onlink>www.geoengine.nima.mil</onlink></citeinfo></srccite><srcscale>1000000</srcscale><typesrc>CD-ROM</typesrc><srccitea>VMAP 0 Ed. 5</srccitea><srccontr>Feature geometry and attributes from VMAP 0 Ed. 5; conversion, tile merging, language data, and political updates by GMI.</srccontr></srcinfo><procstep><procdesc Sync="TRUE">Metadata imported.</procdesc><srcused Sync="TRUE">C:\Metadata\dcw metadata.xml</srcused><date Sync="TRUE">20030725</date><time Sync="TRUE">14175400</time></procstep><procstep><procdesc Sync="TRUE">Dataset copied.</procdesc><srcused Sync="TRUE"></srcused><date Sync="TRUE">20060317</date><time Sync="TRUE">11243300</time></procstep><procstep><procdesc Sync="TRUE">Dataset copied.</procdesc><srcused Sync="TRUE"></srcused><date Sync="TRUE">20060317</date><time Sync="TRUE">13263900</time></procstep><procstep><procdesc Sync="TRUE">Dataset copied.</procdesc><srcused Sync="TRUE">G:\Products\GMMS320\Arc\Work\DCW_Basemap\lang\langa</srcused><date Sync="TRUE">20061027</date><time Sync="TRUE">12025000</time></procstep><procstep><procdesc Sync="TRUE">Dataset copied.</procdesc><srcused Sync="TRUE">G:\Products\GMMS320\Arc\Work\DCW_Basemap\lang\langa</srcused><date Sync="TRUE">20061107</date><time Sync="TRUE">12012000</time></procstep><procstep><procdesc Sync="TRUE">Dataset copied.</procdesc><srcused Sync="TRUE">C:\GMMSdata-Arc\DCW_Basemap\lang\langaCopy</srcused><date Sync="TRUE">20061107</date><time Sync="TRUE">16072400</time></procstep></lineage>
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+ <attrlabl Sync="TRUE">Shape</attrlabl>
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+ <attrdef Sync="TRUE">Feature geometry.</attrdef>
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+ <attrdefs Sync="TRUE">ESRI</attrdefs>
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+ <attrdomv>
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+ <udom Sync="TRUE">Coordinates defining the features.</udom>
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+ </attrdomv>
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+ <attalias Sync="TRUE">Shape</attalias><attrtype Sync="TRUE">Geometry</attrtype><attwidth Sync="TRUE">0</attwidth><atprecis Sync="TRUE">0</atprecis><attscale Sync="TRUE">0</attscale></attr>
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+ <attr><attrlabl Sync="TRUE">LEFT_FID</attrlabl><attalias Sync="TRUE">LEFT_FID</attalias><attrtype Sync="TRUE">Integer</attrtype><attwidth Sync="TRUE">10</attwidth><atprecis Sync="TRUE">10</atprecis><attscale Sync="TRUE">0</attscale></attr><attr><attrlabl Sync="TRUE">RIGHT_FID</attrlabl><attalias Sync="TRUE">RIGHT_FID</attalias><attrtype Sync="TRUE">Integer</attrtype><attwidth Sync="TRUE">10</attwidth><atprecis Sync="TRUE">10</atprecis><attscale Sync="TRUE">0</attscale></attr><attr><attrlabl Sync="TRUE">Shape_Leng</attrlabl><attalias Sync="TRUE">Shape_Leng</attalias><attrtype Sync="TRUE">Double</attrtype><attwidth Sync="TRUE">19</attwidth><atprecis Sync="TRUE">0</atprecis><attscale Sync="TRUE">0</attscale></attr><attr><attrlabl Sync="TRUE">borderleng</attrlabl><attalias Sync="TRUE">borderleng</attalias><attrtype Sync="TRUE">Double</attrtype><attwidth Sync="TRUE">19</attwidth><atprecis Sync="TRUE">0</atprecis><attscale Sync="TRUE">0</attscale></attr></detailed>
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+ </eainfo>
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+ <distinfo>
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+ <distrib>
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+ <cntinfo>
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+ <cntorgp>
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+ <cntorg>Global Mapping International</cntorg>
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+ <cntper>William E. Dickson</cntper>
99
+ </cntorgp>
100
+ <cntpos>Vice President</cntpos>
101
+ <cntvoice>+1-719-531-3599</cntvoice>
102
+ <cntfax>+1-719-548-7459</cntfax>
103
+ <cntemail>[email protected]</cntemail>
104
+ <hours>0830-1700 MT (GMT -7) M-F</hours>
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+ </cntinfo>
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+ </distrib>
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+ <resdesc>Distributed to nonprofit Christian ministries as part of the Global Ministry Mapping System www.gmi.org/products/gmms; may also be available as part of one or more datasets offered on www.worldgeodatasets.com</resdesc>
108
+ <distliab>Redistribution prohibited except as specifically permitted under license received from Global Mapping International. If you have received this data without such a license, discontinue use and contact: [email protected] to obtain necessary license.</distliab>
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+ <stdorder>
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+ <digform>
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+ <digtinfo>
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+ <transize>0.022</transize>
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+ <dssize Sync="TRUE">32.697</dssize></digtinfo>
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+ </digform>
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+ <fees>Varies</fees>
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+ <ordering>See www.worldgeodatasets.com. Christian ministries see http://www.gmi.org/products/gmms for information on organizational qualifications and ordering</ordering>
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+ </stdorder>
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+ <cntinfo>
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+ <cntorgp>
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+ <cntorg>Global Mapping International</cntorg>
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+ <cntper>William E. Dickson</cntper>
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+ </cntorgp>
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+ <cntaddr>
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+ <addrtype>mailing address</addrtype>
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+ <address>PO Box 63719</address>
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+ <city>Colorado Springs</city>
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+ <state>CO</state>
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+ <postal>80962-3719</postal>
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+ <country>USA</country>
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+ </cntaddr>
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+ <cntvoice>+1-719-531-3599</cntvoice>
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+ <cntfax>+1-719-548-7459</cntfax>
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+ <cntemail>[email protected]</cntemail>
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+ </cntinfo>
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+ </metc>
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+ <metstdn Sync="TRUE">FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata</metstdn>
141
+ <metstdv Sync="TRUE">FGDC-STD-001-1998</metstdv>
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+ <mettc Sync="TRUE">local time</mettc>
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+ <metextns>
144
+ <onlink>http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html</onlink>
145
+ <metprof>ESRI Metadata Profile</metprof>
146
+ </metextns>
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