{ "56ddde6b9a695914005b9628": "France", "56ddde6b9a695914005b9629": "10th and 11th centuries", "56ddde6b9a695914005b962a": "Denmark, Iceland and Norway", "56ddde6b9a695914005b962b": "Rollo", "56ddde6b9a695914005b962c": "10th century", "56dddf4066d3e219004dad5f": "Roger II after conquering southern Italy on the Saracens and Byzantines", "56dddf4066d3e219004dad60": "Richard I", "56dddf4066d3e219004dad61": "Christian piety", "56dde0379a695914005b9636": "Normans/Normanz, plural of Normant, modern French normand", "56dde0379a695914005b9637": "9th century", "56dde0ba66d3e219004dad75": "911", "56dde0ba66d3e219004dad76": "King Charles III", "56dde0ba66d3e219004dad77": "Duchy of Normandy", "56dde1d966d3e219004dad8d": "Rollo", "56dde27d9a695914005b9651": "Catholicism", "56dde27d9a695914005b9652": "north", "56dde2fa66d3e219004dad9b": "fighting horsemen", "56de0f6a4396321400ee257f": "Pechenegs, the Bulgars, and especially the Seljuk Turks", "56de0ffd4396321400ee258d": "1050s", "56de0ffd4396321400ee258e": "1060s", "56de0ffd4396321400ee258f": "Alexius", "56de10b44396321400ee2593": "Franks", "56de10b44396321400ee2594": "Oursel", "56de10b44396321400ee2595": "Philaretus Brachamius", "56de11154396321400ee25aa": "Norman mercenary", "56de148dcffd8e1900b4b5bc": "Robert Guiscard", "56de148dcffd8e1900b4b5bd": "February 1082", "56de148dcffd8e1900b4b5be": "30,000", "56de15104396321400ee25b7": "Bohemond to retreat from his campaign and sign a peace treaty with the Byzantines in the city", "56de15104396321400ee25b8": "Bohemond", "56de15104396321400ee25b9": "Deabolis", "56de1563cffd8e1900b4b5c2": "1185", "56de1563cffd8e1900b4b5c3": "the Adriatic", "56de1563cffd8e1900b4b5c4": "Adriatic", "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5c8": "Duke Richard II of Normandy", "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5c9": "Duke Richard II of Normandy", "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5ca": "Normandy", "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5cb": "Sweyn Forkbeard", "56de1645cffd8e1900b4b5d0": "Harthacnut", "56de1645cffd8e1900b4b5d1": "1041", "56de1645cffd8e1900b4b5d2": "Robert of Jumi\u00e8ges", "56de16ca4396321400ee25c5": "Battle of Hastings", "56de16ca4396321400ee25c6": "Duke William II", "56de16ca4396321400ee25c7": "1066", "56de16ca4396321400ee25c8": "Anglo-Saxons", "56de1728cffd8e1900b4b5d7": "Latin language", "56de179dcffd8e1900b4b5da": "1169", "56de179dcffd8e1900b4b5db": "Bannow Bay", "56de179dcffd8e1900b4b5dc": "Bannow Bay", "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e0": "King Malcolm III of Scotland", "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e1": "King Malcolm III", "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e2": "1072", "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e3": "Duncan", "56de3cd0cffd8e1900b4b6be": "Sybilla of Normandy", "56de3cd0cffd8e1900b4b6bf": "Normans and Norman", "56de3d594396321400ee26ca": "Hereford", "56de3d594396321400ee26cb": "earl of Hereford", "56de3d594396321400ee26cc": "Edward the Confessor had set up the aforementioned Ralph as earl of Hereford", "56de3dbacffd8e1900b4b6d2": "William's most trusted Norman barons, including Bernard de Neufmarch\u00e9, Roger of Montgomery in Shropshire and Hugh Lupus in Cheshire", "56de3e414396321400ee26d8": "1018", "56de3e414396321400ee26d9": "William of Montreuil", "56de3ebc4396321400ee26e6": "1097", "56de3ebc4396321400ee26e7": "Tancred", "56de3ebc4396321400ee26e8": "Jerusalem", "56de3efccffd8e1900b4b6fe": "380 years", "56de3f784396321400ee26fa": "the Lion-hearted left Messina with a large fleet", "56de3f784396321400ee26fb": "Berengaria", "56de3f784396321400ee26fc": "1191", "56de3f784396321400ee26fd": "Richard the Lion-hearted left Messina", "56de40da4396321400ee2708": "Conrad of Montferrat", "56de40da4396321400ee2709": "silver chains", "56de40da4396321400ee270a": "Guy de Lusignan", "56de49564396321400ee277a": "Africa", "56de49a8cffd8e1900b4b7a7": "Bethencourt", "56de49a8cffd8e1900b4b7a8": "Enrique P\u00e9rez de Guzm\u00e1n", "56de49a8cffd8e1900b4b7a9": "Enrique P\u00e9rez de Guzm\u00e1n", "56de4a474396321400ee2786": "Channel Islands", "56de4a474396321400ee2787": "two", "56de4a89cffd8e1900b4b7bd": "Romanesque", "56de4a89cffd8e1900b4b7be": "rounded", "56de4b074396321400ee2793": "Norman-Arab", "56de4b074396321400ee2794": "Norman-Arab", "56de4b074396321400ee2795": "Kingdom of Sicily", "56de4b5c4396321400ee2799": "early 11th century", "56de4b5c4396321400ee279a": "the dukes", "56de4bb84396321400ee27a2": "16th century and French Revolution in the 18th", "56de4c324396321400ee27ab": "Norman art", "56de4c324396321400ee27ac": "Bayeux Tapestry", "56de4c324396321400ee27ad": "Odo", "56de51244396321400ee27ef": "stonework or metalwork", "56de51c64396321400ee27f7": "11th century", "56de51c64396321400ee27f8": "William of Volpiano and John of Ravenna", "56de52614396321400ee27fb": "southern Italy", "56de52614396321400ee27fc": "Latin monastery at Sant'Eufemia", "56de52614396321400ee27fd": "Robert Guiscard", "56de52614396321400ee27fe": "singing had developed and the choir achieved fame in Normandy", "56e16182e3433e1400422e28": "Computational complexity theory", "56e16182e3433e1400422e29": "inherent difficulty", "56e16182e3433e1400422e2a": "mechanical application of mathematical steps", "56e16839cd28a01900c67887": "significant resources", "56e16839cd28a01900c67888": "mathematical models of computation to study these problems and quantifying the amount of resources needed to solve them, such as time and storage", "56e16839cd28a01900c67889": "amount of communication", "56e16839cd28a01900c6788a": "gates", "56e16839cd28a01900c6788b": "computational complexity theory is to determine the practical limits", "56e17644e3433e1400422f40": "analysis of algorithms and computability theory", "56e17644e3433e1400422f41": "computational complexity theory", "56e17644e3433e1400422f42": "computational complexity theory", "56e17644e3433e1400422f43": "appropriately restricted resources", "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a1": "problem instance", "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a2": "a problem", "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a3": "concrete utterance", "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a4": "output", "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a5": "solution", "56e17e6ee3433e1400422f7f": "2000", "56e17e6ee3433e1400422f80": "little use", "56e17e6ee3433e1400422f81": "computational problems", "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa0": "binary alphabet", "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa1": "binary alphabet", "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa2": "over an alphabet", "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa3": "binary notation", "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa4": "adjacency matrices", "56e190bce3433e1400422fc8": "Decision problems", "56e190bce3433e1400422fc9": "yes or no", "56e190bce3433e1400422fca": "yes or no", "56e190bce3433e1400422fcb": "no", "56e190bce3433e1400422fcc": "yes", "56e19557e3433e1400422fee": "arbitrary graph", "56e19557e3433e1400422ff0": "The formal language", "56e19557e3433e1400422ff1": "the set of all connected graphs\u2014of course, to obtain a precise definition of this language, one has to decide how graphs are encoded as binary strings", "56e19724cd28a01900c679f6": "computational problem where a single output", "56e19724cd28a01900c679f7": "single", "56e19724cd28a01900c679f8": "integer factorization problem", "56e19724cd28a01900c679f9": "integer factorization problem", "56e19724cd28a01900c679fa": "more complex", "56e1a0dccd28a01900c67a2e": "recast as decision problems", "56e1a0dccd28a01900c67a2f": "triples", "56e1a38de3433e140042305c": "size of the input in bits", "56e1a38de3433e140042305d": "the running time may, in general, depend on the instance. In particular, larger instances will require more time to solve", "56e1a38de3433e140042305e": "size of the input in bits", "56e1a38de3433e140042305f": "bits", "56e1a38de3433e1400423060": "increase in the input size", "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a48": "Cobham", "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a49": "a polynomial", "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a4a": "worst-case time complexity T", "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a4b": "maximum time taken over all inputs of size n", "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a4c": "polynomial time algorithm", "56e1aba0e3433e1400423094": "A Turing machine", "56e1aba0e3433e1400423095": "an algorithm", "56e1aba0e3433e1400423097": "easy to analyze mathematically, and are believed to be as powerful as any other model of computation", "56e1aba0e3433e1400423098": "manipulates symbols", "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a68": "deterministic Turing machine", "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a69": "fixed set of rules", "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a6a": "randomized algorithms", "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a6b": "non-deterministic Turing machine is a deterministic Turing machine with an added feature of non-determinism", "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a6c": "randomized", "56e1b00ce3433e140042309e": "complexity classes", "56e1b00ce3433e140042309f": "more powerful than others", "56e1b00ce3433e14004230a1": "deterministic Turing machines", "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a72": "random access machines", "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a73": "random access machines", "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a74": "memory", "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a75": "deterministically", "56e1b355e3433e14004230b0": "non-deterministic", "56e1b355e3433e14004230b1": "more unusual resources", "56e1b355e3433e14004230b2": "little to do with how we physically want to compute algorithms", "56e1b355e3433e14004230b3": "non-deterministic time", "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa3": "yes\" or \"no", "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa4": "Turing", "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa5": "input x", "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa6": "time and space", "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abc": "complexity", "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abd": "computational", "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abe": "Blum complexity axioms", "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abf": "circuit complexity, and decision tree complexity", "56e1b754cd28a01900c67ac0": "communication complexity, circuit complexity, and decision tree complexity", "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e6": "time complexity (or any other complexity measure) of different inputs of the same size", "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e7": "time complexity (or any other complexity measure) of different inputs of the same size", "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e8": "time complexity (or any other complexity measure) of different inputs of the same size", "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e9": "worst and average case complexity refer to three different ways of measuring the time complexity", "56e1ba41cd28a01900c67ae0": "deterministic sorting algorithm quicksort", "56e1ba41cd28a01900c67ae1": "O(n log n) time", "56e1ba41cd28a01900c67ae2": "when the input is sorted or sorted in reverse order", "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423104": "the most efficient algorithm solving a given problem", "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423105": "algorithms", "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423106": "lower bounds", "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423107": "worst-case complexity", "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423108": "space consumption", "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67afc": "big O notation", "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67afd": "constant factors and smaller terms", "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67afe": "n", "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67aff": "hides constant factors and smaller terms", "56e1c0f6cd28a01900c67b2c": "complexity classes", "56e1c0f6cd28a01900c67b2d": "complicated definitions that do not fit into this framework", "56e1c0f6cd28a01900c67b2e": "complicated definitions", "56e1c2eee3433e1400423134": "depend on the chosen machine model", "56e1c2eee3433e1400423135": "quadratic time", "56e1c2eee3433e1400423136": "single-tape Turing machines", "56e1c2eee3433e1400423137": "Cobham-Edmonds thesis", "56e1c2eee3433e1400423138": "solvable by a deterministic Turing machine within polynomial time. The corresponding set of function", "56e1c3e1e3433e1400423148": "time or space", "56e1c3e1e3433e1400423149": "complexity classes", "56e1c3e1e3433e140042314a": "complexity classes", "56e1c4fce3433e140042314e": "BPP, ZPP and RP", "56e1c4fce3433e140042314f": "Boolean circuits", "56e1c4fce3433e1400423150": "quantum Turing machines", "56e1c4fce3433e1400423151": "#P", "56e1c4fce3433e1400423152": "Interactive", "56e1c720e3433e140042316a": "computation time", "56e1c720e3433e140042316b": "n2), it would be interesting to know if the inclusion is strict", "56e1c720e3433e140042316c": "hierarchy theorems", "56e1c720e3433e140042316d": "constraining the respective resources", "56e1c720e3433e140042316e": "time and space hierarchy theorems", "56e1c7e2cd28a01900c67b74": "time and space hierarchy theorems", "56e1c7e2cd28a01900c67b75": "strictly contained in EXPTIME", "56e1c7e2cd28a01900c67b76": "PSPACE", "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423192": "a reduction", "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423193": "A reduction", "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423194": "no more difficult", "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423195": "Cook reductions, Karp reductions and Levin reductions", "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423196": "log-space", "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bac": "polynomial-time reduction", "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bad": "the reduction process takes polynomial time. For example, the problem of squaring an integer can be reduced to the problem of multiplying two integers", "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bae": "the reduction process takes polynomial time", "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67baf": "reduced", "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bb0": "multiplication", "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a4": "type of reduction being used", "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a5": "every problem in C can be reduced to X. Thus no problem in C is harder", "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a6": "any problem", "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a8": "hard problems", "56e1d9fee3433e14004231cb": "X is the hardest problem in C. (Since many problems could be equally hard", "56e1d9fee3433e14004231cc": "most difficult problems", "56e1d9fee3433e14004231cd": "polynomial", "56e1d9fee3433e14004231ce": "\u03a02", "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bca": "mathematical abstraction modeling", "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bcb": "Cobham\u2013Edmonds thesis", "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bcc": "Boolean satisfiability problem", "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bcd": "Boolean satisfiability problem", "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bce": "deterministic Turing machines", "56e1ddfce3433e14004231d5": "more efficient solutions", "56e1ddfce3433e14004231d6": "protein structure prediction", "56e1ddfce3433e14004231d8": "US$1,000,000 prize for resolving the problem", "56e1ded7cd28a01900c67bd4": "Ladner", "56e1ded7cd28a01900c67bd5": "NP-intermediate problems", "56e1ded7cd28a01900c67bd6": "The graph isomorphism problem, the discrete logarithm problem and the integer factorization problem", "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231fc": "graph isomorphism problem", "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231fd": "NP-complete", "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231fe": "polynomial hierarchy", "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231ff": "second level", "56e1e9dfe3433e1400423200": "Babai", "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0a": "integer factorization problem is the computational problem of determining the prime factorization of a given integer", "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0b": "k", "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0c": "RSA algorithm", "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0e": "No efficient integer factorization algorithm is known, and this fact forms the basis of several modern cryptographic systems, such as the RSA algorithm", "56e1ee4de3433e1400423210": "collapse to one class", "56e1ee4de3433e1400423211": "unequal", "56e1ee4de3433e1400423212": "P and PSPACE", "56e1ee4de3433e1400423214": "breakthrough", "56e1efa0e3433e140042321a": "yes/no answers reversed", "56e1efa0e3433e140042321b": "reversed", "56e1efa0e3433e140042321c": "NP is not equal to co-NP", "56e1efa0e3433e140042321d": "not equal", "56e1f10ee3433e1400423222": "L", "56e1f10ee3433e1400423223": "logarithmic space", "56e1f10ee3433e1400423224": "NL and NC", "56e1f10ee3433e1400423225": "NL and NC", "56e1f10ee3433e1400423226": "NL and NC", "56e1fc57e3433e140042322c": "intractable problems", "56e1fc57e3433e140042322f": "more than the smallest inputs", "56e1fc57e3433e1400423230": "useless", "56e1febfe3433e1400423236": "Presburger", "56e1febfe3433e1400423237": "decision problem in Presburger arithmetic", "56e1febfe3433e1400423238": "NP-complete knapsack problem", "56e1febfe3433e1400423239": "over a wide range of sizes in less than quadratic time", "56e1febfe3433e140042323a": "NP-complete knapsack problem", "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c14": "flexible simplification of a computer", "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c15": "Alan Turing", "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c16": "Turing machines", "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c17": "1936", "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c18": "flexible simplification of a computer", "56e202e9e3433e1400423240": "Fortnow & Homer", "56e202e9e3433e1400423241": "Juris Hartmanis and Richard Stearns", "56e202e9e3433e1400423242": "1965", "56e202e9e3433e1400423243": "time and space complexity", "56e202e9e3433e1400423244": "1965", "56e2042ecd28a01900c67c1e": "John Myhill", "56e2042ecd28a01900c67c1f": "1961", "56e2042ecd28a01900c67c20": "Hisao Yamada", "56e20a27cd28a01900c67c24": "input encoding", "56e20a27cd28a01900c67c25": "encoding", "56e20a3ae3433e140042324a": "Manuel Blum", "56e20a3ae3433e140042324b": "speed-up theorem", "56e20a3ae3433e140042324d": "Reducibility", "56e20a3ae3433e140042324e": "21", "5705e26d75f01819005e76d4": "SoCal", "5705e26d75f01819005e76d5": "demographics and economic ties", "5705e26d75f01819005e76d6": "economic center", "5705e26d75f01819005e76d7": "demographics and economic", "5705e26d75f01819005e76d8": "demographics and economic ties", "5705e33f52bb89140068964c": "Southern California Megaregion", "5705e33f52bb89140068964d": "11", "5705e33f52bb89140068964e": "Las Vegas, Nevada", "5705e33f52bb89140068964f": "Tijuana", "5705e33f52bb891400689650": "Tijuana", "5705e3f252bb89140068966a": "Pacific coast", "5705e3f252bb89140068966b": "seven", "5705e3f252bb89140068966c": "over 12 million", "5705e3f252bb89140068966d": "El Centro area. Out of these, three are heavy populated areas: the Los Angeles", "5705e3f252bb89140068966e": "17.5 million", "5705e4fe75f01819005e7704": "Colorado Desert", "5705e4fe75f01819005e7705": "Colorado Desert and the Colorado River at the border with Arizona, and the Mojave Desert", "5705e4fe75f01819005e7706": "Mojave Desert", "5705e4fe75f01819005e7707": "Mexico\u2013United States border", "5705e63175f01819005e7720": "southern California", "5705e63175f01819005e7721": "3,792,621", "5705e63175f01819005e7722": "Los Angeles", "5705e63175f01819005e7723": "San Diego", "5705e63175f01819005e7724": "southern California", "5705e99452bb891400689688": "Los Angeles", "5705e99452bb891400689689": "Los Angeles, Orange, San Diego, San Bernardino, and Riverside", "5705e99452bb89140068968a": "five most populous", "5705e99452bb89140068968b": "15", "5705e99452bb89140068968c": "Riverside", "5705eb3375f01819005e7764": "Hollywood", "5705eb3375f01819005e7765": "Los Angeles", "5705eb3375f01819005e7766": "Walt Disney Company", "5705eb3375f01819005e7767": "music", "5705eb3375f01819005e7768": "Sony", "5705ec1675f01819005e776e": "skateboard", "5705ec1675f01819005e776f": "Shaun White", "5705ec1675f01819005e7770": "Shaun White", "5705ec1675f01819005e7771": "Malibu, and it is second only to the island of Oahu", "5705ec1675f01819005e7772": "Hawaii", "5705eccb52bb8914006896b8": "Palm Springs", "5705eccb52bb8914006896b9": "popular beaches", "5705eccb52bb8914006896ba": "southern California coast for its popular beaches, and the desert city", "5705eccb52bb8914006896bb": "desert city of Palm Springs is popular for its resort feel and nearby open spaces", "5705edcd52bb8914006896ca": "San Jose", "5705edcd52bb8914006896cb": "11 miles (18", "5705edcd52bb8914006896cc": "ten", "5705edcd52bb8914006896cd": "Tehachapi Mountains", "5705edcd52bb8914006896ce": "Tehachapi Mountains", "5705eee952bb8914006896de": "Mexico", "5705eee952bb8914006896df": "Alta California", "5705eee952bb8914006896e0": "Alta California", "5705eee952bb8914006896e1": "the Compromise", "5705eee952bb8914006896e2": "free state, preventing southern California from becoming its own separate slave", "5705f09e75f01819005e77a4": "quitable taxes", "5705f09e75f01819005e77a5": "Cow Counties", "5705f09e75f01819005e77a6": "three", "5705f09e75f01819005e77a7": "75%", "5705f09e75f01819005e77a8": "Luis Obispo County. The proposal was sent to Washington, D.C. with a strong advocate in Senator Milton Latham", "5705f13d52bb8914006896f0": "Los Angeles Times", "5705f13d52bb8914006896f1": "1900", "5705f13d52bb8914006896f2": "1999", "5705f13d52bb8914006896f3": "Imperial", "5705f13d52bb8914006896f4": "seven", "5705f36452bb891400689718": "regional tourism groups", "5705f36452bb891400689719": "California State Automobile Association", "5705f36452bb89140068971a": "three-region point", "5705f36452bb89140068971b": "Tehachapis", "5705f36452bb89140068971c": "eastern Kern and San Bernardino Counties", "5705f7c875f01819005e77dc": "Northeastern", "5705f7c875f01819005e77dd": "vast areas", "5705f7c875f01819005e77de": "suburban communities and use of automobiles and highways", "5705f7c875f01819005e77df": "spread-out, suburban communities and use of automobiles and highways", "5705f7c875f01819005e77e0": "automobiles and highways", "5705fb7f52bb891400689750": "Camp Pendleton", "5705fb7f52bb891400689751": "Temecula and Murrieta", "5705fb7f52bb891400689752": "the United States Census Bureau", "5705fb7f52bb891400689753": "Orange Counties", "5705fb7f52bb891400689754": "non-desert portions) were developed in the 1980s and 1990s", "5705fc3a52bb89140068976a": "Mediterranean", "5705fc3a52bb89140068976b": "rain", "5705fc3a52bb89140068976c": "90-60's", "5705fc3a52bb89140068976d": "Southeast", "5705fc3a52bb89140068976e": "90-60's", "5705fd8475f01819005e7840": "geologic, topographic, and natural ecosystem landscapes", "5705fd8475f01819005e7841": "Pacific Ocean islands", "5705fd8475f01819005e7842": "topographic", "5705fd8475f01819005e7843": "Peninsular", "5705fd8475f01819005e7844": "Transverse and Peninsular", "5705fec152bb89140068977a": "10,000", "5705fec152bb89140068977b": "10,000", "5705fec152bb89140068977c": "6.7", "5705fec152bb89140068977d": "property", "5705fec152bb89140068977e": "$20 billion", "5705ffde52bb891400689784": "San Andreas Fault", "5705ffde52bb891400689785": "6.7+ earthquake", "5705ffde52bb891400689786": "Puente Hills Fault", "5705ffde52bb891400689787": "USGS", "5705ffde52bb891400689788": "USGS", "570602fa52bb89140068979e": "economically", "570602fa52bb89140068979f": "global", "570602fa52bb8914006897a0": "economic", "570603c475f01819005e7882": "2010", "570603c475f01819005e7883": "high growth rates", "570603c475f01819005e7884": "10.0%", "570603c475f01819005e7885": "tech-oriented economy", "570603c475f01819005e7886": "Sacramento", "5706074552bb8914006897d4": "international metropolitan area", "5706074552bb8914006897d5": "two", "5706074552bb8914006897d6": "five million", "5706074552bb8914006897d7": "Carlsbad-San Marcos metropolitan area form the Southern Border", "5706074552bb8914006897d8": "17,786,419, and San Diego\u2013Tijuana", "570607f575f01819005e78b4": "Los Angeles", "570607f575f01819005e78b5": "Los Angeles", "570607f575f01819005e78b6": "34", "570607f575f01819005e78b7": "100,000", "570607f575f01819005e78b8": "San Bernardino and Riverside", "5706094b52bb8914006897de": "petroleum", "5706094b52bb8914006897df": "Hollywood", "5706094b52bb8914006897e0": "housing bubble", "5706094b52bb8914006897e1": "diverse", "5706094b52bb8914006897e2": "housing bubble 2001\u20132007", "57060a1175f01819005e78d2": "1920s", "57060a1175f01819005e78d3": "richest agricultural regions in the U.S., cattle and citrus were major industries", "57060a1175f01819005e78d4": "citrus", "57060a1175f01819005e78d5": "citrus", "57060a1175f01819005e78d6": "aerospace", "57060a6e52bb8914006897f8": "business districts", "57060a6e52bb8914006897f9": "Central business districts", "57060a6e52bb8914006897fa": "Central business districts (CBD) include Downtown Los Angeles, Downtown San Diego, Downtown San Bernardino, Downtown Bakersfield, South Coast Metro and Downtown Riverside", "57060cc352bb89140068980e": "Santa Monica, Downtown Glendale and Downtown Long Beach", "57060cc352bb89140068980f": "Long Beach", "57060cc352bb891400689810": "San Fernando Valley", "57060cc352bb891400689811": "Wilshire Boulevard Miracle Mile", "57060df252bb891400689820": "business districts of Downtown San Bernardino, Hospitality Business/Financial Centre, University Town", "57060df252bb891400689821": "San Bernardino-Riverside", "57060df252bb891400689822": "Hospitality Business/Financial Centre", "57060eaf75f01819005e7910": "Orange County", "57060eaf75f01819005e7911": "University of California, Irvine", "57060eaf75f01819005e7912": "Irvine Tech Center", "57060eaf75f01819005e7913": "South Coast Metro", "57060eaf75f01819005e7914": "rapidly developing business center", "57060f3e75f01819005e7922": "Downtown San Diego", "57060f3e75f01819005e7923": "Northern San Diego", "57060f3e75f01819005e7924": "North County", "57060f3e75f01819005e7925": "Downtown San Diego", "570610b275f01819005e792a": "Los Angeles International Airport", "570610b275f01819005e792b": "smaller commercial and general aviation airports", "570610b275f01819005e792c": "third", "570610b275f01819005e792d": "San Diego International Airport", "570610b275f01819005e792e": "Van Nuys Airport", "5706111a52bb89140068984c": "Metrolink", "5706111a52bb89140068984d": "seven", "5706111a52bb89140068984e": "Six of the seven", "5706111a52bb89140068984f": "San Diego counties", "570611c475f01819005e793c": "Southern California is also home to the Port of Los Angeles", "570611c475f01819005e793d": "Port of Long Beach", "570611c475f01819005e793e": "San Diego", "5706139252bb891400689864": "The Tech Coast", "5706139252bb891400689865": "world-renowned research", "5706139252bb891400689866": "the California Institute of Technology", "5706139252bb891400689867": "5", "5706139252bb891400689868": "12", "5706143575f01819005e7950": "NFL (Los Angeles Rams, San Diego Chargers", "5706143575f01819005e7951": "NBA (Los Angeles Lakers", "5706143575f01819005e7952": "San Diego Padres", "5706143575f01819005e7953": "Los Angeles Kings", "5706143575f01819005e7954": "LA Galaxy", "5706149552bb891400689880": "Chivas", "5706149552bb891400689881": "two", "5706149552bb891400689882": "2014", "5706149552bb891400689883": "StubHub Center", "5706149552bb891400689884": "2018", "570614ff52bb89140068988a": "College sports", "570614ff52bb89140068988b": "USC Trojans", "570614ff52bb89140068988c": "UCLA Bruins", "570614ff52bb89140068988d": "Pac-12", "570614ff52bb89140068988e": "USC Trojans", "5706155352bb891400689894": "Rugby", "5706155352bb891400689895": "high school", "5706155352bb891400689896": "adding rugby as an official school sport", "57092322efce8f15003a7db0": "BSkyB", "57092322efce8f15003a7db1": "BSkyB", "57092322efce8f15003a7db2": "2014", "57092322efce8f15003a7db3": "British Sky Broadcasting Group plc", "57092322efce8f15003a7db4": "British Sky Broadcasting Limited to Sky UK Limited", "57094a79efce8f15003a7dc4": "2006", "57094a79efce8f15003a7dc5": "two", "57094a79efce8f15003a7dc6": "Sky", "57094a79efce8f15003a7dc7": "\u00a31.3bn", "57094b4f9928a814004714f6": "ONdigital consortium", "57094b4f9928a814004714f7": "ONdigital consortium", "57094b4f9928a814004714f8": "three", "57094b4f9928a814004714f9": "Sky Three", "57094b4f9928a814004714fa": "Pick TV", "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dd6": "Sky+ PVR", "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dd7": "September 2007", "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dd8": "monthly fee", "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dd9": "January 2010", "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dda": "Multiroom", "57094d489928a8140047150a": "VideoGuard pay-TV", "57094d489928a8140047150b": "NDS, a Cisco Systems company", "57094d489928a8140047150c": "Cisco Systems company", "57094d489928a8140047150d": "BSkyB", "57094d489928a8140047150e": "PVR) offering (branded Sky", "570953a7efce8f15003a7dfe": "2007", "570953a7efce8f15003a7dff": "Virgin Media", "570953a7efce8f15003a7e00": "increased the asking price", "570953a7efce8f15003a7e01": "Video On Demand content", "570953a7efce8f15003a7e02": "HD channels", "570960cf200fba1400367f01": "July 2013", "570960cf200fba1400367f02": "31 July 2013", "570960cf200fba1400367f03": "SkyDrive cloud storage service", "570960cf200fba1400367f04": "SkyDrive cloud storage service", "570960cf200fba1400367f05": "cloud storage", "570961aa200fba1400367f15": "Sam Chisholm and Rupert Murdoch", "570961aa200fba1400367f16": "Astra", "570961aa200fba1400367f17": "27 September 2001", "570961aa200fba1400367f18": "Sky Digital platform", "570961aa200fba1400367f19": "400,000 new subscribers, with the majority taking at least one premium channel as well, which helped BSkyB reach 3.5 million", "570963a5200fba1400367f33": "British Sky Broadcasting", "570963a5200fba1400367f34": "British Sky Broadcasting or BSkyB) is a British telecommunications", "570963a5200fba1400367f35": "11 million", "570963a5200fba1400367f36": "Freeview", "57096505ed30961900e84082": "Sky Q Hub", "57096505ed30961900e84083": "Sky Q, Sky Q Silver", "57096505ed30961900e84084": "Wi-Fi or Power-line", "57096505ed30961900e84085": "2016", "57096505ed30961900e84086": "2016", "570966e0200fba1400367f4f": "DVB-compliant MPEG-2", "570966e0200fba1400367f50": "Dolby Digital", "570966e0200fba1400367f51": "MPEG-4 and most of the HD material uses the DVB-S2 standard", "570966e0200fba1400367f52": "OpenTV", "570966e0200fba1400367f53": "DVB-S2 standard", "570967c4ed30961900e840ba": "1998", "570967c4ed30961900e840bb": "Astra 2A", "570967c4ed30961900e840bc": "Eutelsat's Eurobird 1", "570967c4ed30961900e840bd": "hundreds", "570967c4ed30961900e840be": "5\u00b0", "5709686c200fba1400367f77": "22 May 2006", "5709686c200fba1400367f78": "40,000", "5709686c200fba1400367f79": "Thomson", "5709686c200fba1400367f7a": "17,000", "5709686c200fba1400367f7b": "31 March 2012, Sky announced the total number of homes with Sky+HD was 4,222,000", "57096b66200fba1400367fa7": "8 February 2007", "57096b66200fba1400367fa8": "March", "57096b66200fba1400367fa9": "digital terrestrial", "57096b66200fba1400367faa": "Virgin Media", "57096b66200fba1400367fab": "English Premier League Football", "57096c95200fba1400367fbb": "monthly subscription", "57096c95200fba1400367fbc": "a monthly subscription", "57096c95200fba1400367fbd": "VideoGuard", "57096c95200fba1400367fbe": "LNB", "57096c95200fba1400367fbf": "encrypted content a VideoGuard UK equipped receiver (all of which are dedicated to the Sky service", "57096e1ced30961900e84102": "the autumn of 1991", "57096e1ced30961900e84103": "ITV", "57096e1ced30961900e84104": "\u00a318m", "57096e1ced30961900e84105": "The BBC", "57096e1ced30961900e84106": "\u00a3304m", "57096f37200fba1400367fe5": "Ofcom", "57096f37200fba1400367fe6": "\u00a315\u2013100,000", "57096f37200fba1400367fe7": "no", "57096f37200fba1400367fe8": "not carry any control over the channel's content or carriage issues", "57096f37200fba1400367fe9": "not carry any control over the channel's content", "57097051ed30961900e84132": "1 October 1998", "57097051ed30961900e84133": "Sky Digital", "57097051ed30961900e84134": "Sky Digital", "57097051ed30961900e84135": "ONdigital", "57097051ed30961900e84136": "over 100,000", "57097141200fba1400367ff9": "2007", "57097141200fba1400367ffa": "Virgin Media", "57097141200fba1400367ffb": "Video On Demand service", "57097141200fba1400367ffc": "BBC HD", "57097141200fba1400367ffd": "4", "57097b50200fba140036804d": "10 million", "57097b50200fba140036804e": "36%", "57097b50200fba140036804f": "August 2004", "57097b50200fba1400368050": "36%", "57097b50200fba1400368051": "flattened", "57097c8fed30961900e841f2": "tax", "57097c8fed30961900e841f3": "essentials", "57097c8fed30961900e841f4": "damaging", "57097c8fed30961900e841f5": "claimants' \"Sky TV bills", "57097c8fed30961900e841f6": "betray a man's presence in the household", "57097d63ed30961900e841fc": "\u00a330m", "57097d63ed30961900e841fd": "additional Video On Demand and High Definition content which had previously been offered by BSkyB", "57097d63ed30961900e841fe": "Virgin Media", "57097d63ed30961900e841ff": "BSkyB", "57097d63ed30961900e84200": "carriage of their respective basic channels", "570d2417fed7b91900d45c3d": "service sectors", "570d2417fed7b91900d45c3e": "second", "570d2417fed7b91900d45c3f": "fourth", "570d2417fed7b91900d45c40": "Melbourne", "570d2417fed7b91900d45c41": "Melbourne Cricket Ground", "570d2556fed7b91900d45c47": "Bendigo", "570d2556fed7b91900d45c48": "New South Wales", "570d2556fed7b91900d45c49": "Buckland Valley", "570d2556fed7b91900d45c4a": "1,000", "570d2556fed7b91900d45c4b": "cramped and unsanitary", "570d26efb3d812140066d48f": "multi-member proportional", "570d26efb3d812140066d490": "eight", "570d26efb3d812140066d491": "five", "570d26efb3d812140066d492": "lower house members", "570d26efb3d812140066d493": "fixed and occur in November every four years", "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a3": "Labor", "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a4": "Labor", "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a5": "Nationals", "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a6": "centre-left Australian Labor Party", "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a7": "centre-left Australian Labor Party", "570d29c2b3d812140066d4bd": "61.1%", "570d29c2b3d812140066d4be": "61.1%", "570d29c2b3d812140066d4bf": "Buddhism", "570d29c2b3d812140066d4c0": "61.1%", "570d29c2b3d812140066d4c1": "61.1%", "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c93": "south-east", "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c94": "second", "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c95": "second", "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c96": "Melbourne", "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c97": "second-largest", "570d2c20fed7b91900d45ca7": "Koori", "570d2c20fed7b91900d45ca8": "1788", "570d2c20fed7b91900d45ca9": "Sullivan Bay", "570d2c20fed7b91900d45caa": "Sullivan Bay", "570d2c20fed7b91900d45cab": "1803", "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbb": "More than 26,000 square kilometres", "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbc": "50%", "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbd": "6,000 square kilometres", "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbe": "90%", "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbf": "270,000", "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45ccf": "1975", "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd0": "the 1855 colonial constitution", "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd1": "Parliament of Victoria", "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd2": "entrenched\" provisions that require either an absolute majority", "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd3": "the Victoria Constitution Act 1855", "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce3": "hot winds blowing from nearby semi-deserts", "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce4": "32 \u00b0C", "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce5": "warmest", "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce6": "2\u20137 \u00b0C", "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce7": "7 February 2009", "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d01": "publicly or privately funded", "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d02": "Victoria Department of Education", "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d03": "levied", "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d04": "Roman Catholic Church", "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d05": "curriculum", "570d3468b3d812140066d543": "Ford, Toyota and Holden", "570d3468b3d812140066d544": "October 2016", "570d3468b3d812140066d545": "May 2013", "570d3468b3d812140066d546": "October 2016", "570d3468b3d812140066d547": "Ford, Toyota and Holden", "570d35b7b3d812140066d54d": "1,986 m", "570d35b7b3d812140066d54e": "Mount Bogong", "570d35b7b3d812140066d54f": "1,986 m", "570d35b7b3d812140066d550": "Murray River system", "570d35b7b3d812140066d551": "Leadbeater", "570d391fb3d812140066d575": "Victorian Alps in the northeast", "570d391fb3d812140066d576": "Great Dividing Range", "570d391fb3d812140066d577": "east-west", "570d391fb3d812140066d578": "0 \u00b0C", "570d391fb3d812140066d579": "\u221211.7 \u00b0C", "570d4030fed7b91900d45d9f": "private and public railway operators", "570d4030fed7b91900d45da0": "Great Southern Rail", "570d4030fed7b91900d45da1": "Victorian Government", "570d4030fed7b91900d45da2": "CFCL Australia", "570d4030fed7b91900d45da3": "electrified, passenger system", "570d418dfed7b91900d45dbd": "37", "570d418dfed7b91900d45dbe": "37 seats in the Australian House of Representatives and 12", "570d418dfed7b91900d45dbf": "Legislative Assembly", "570d418dfed7b91900d45dc0": "Legislative Council", "570d418dfed7b91900d45dc1": "Daniel Andrews the current Premier. The personal representative of the Queen of Australia in the state is the Governor of Victoria, currently Linda Dessau", "570d4329fed7b91900d45dd7": "1 July 1851", "570d4329fed7b91900d45dd8": "1851", "570d4329fed7b91900d45dd9": "near Ballarat, and subsequently at Bendigo. Later discoveries", "570d4329fed7b91900d45dda": "sevenfold", "570d4329fed7b91900d45ddb": "20 million", "570d44abb3d812140066d5fd": "1,548", "570d44abb3d812140066d5fe": "489", "570d44abb3d812140066d5ff": "540,800", "570d44abb3d812140066d600": "63,519", "570d44abb3d812140066d601": "61 per cent", "570d4606b3d812140066d619": "Victoria", "570d4606b3d812140066d61a": "3 million", "570d4606b3d812140066d61b": "60%", "570d4606b3d812140066d61c": "two-thirds", "570d4606b3d812140066d61d": "southern rock lobster worth A$13.7 million. Most abalone and rock lobster is exported to Asia", "570d47b8b3d812140066d62d": "1,600 mm (5 ft 3 in) broad gauge", "570d47b8b3d812140066d62e": "1,435 mm", "570d47b8b3d812140066d62f": "narrow", "570d47b8b3d812140066d630": "mountainous areas", "570d47b8b3d812140066d631": "five", "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e13": "1788", "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e14": "New South Wales", "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e15": "New Holland", "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e16": "Sydney", "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e31": "1854", "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e32": "Eureka Stockade", "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e33": "government of Victoria", "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e34": "hated mining licence fees", "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e35": "Imperial Parliament", "570d4e6cb3d812140066d66d": "political party or coalition", "570d4e6cb3d812140066d66e": "cabinet", "570d4e6cb3d812140066d66f": "representatives elected to either house of parliament", "570d4e6cb3d812140066d670": "Daniel Andrews", "570d4e6cb3d812140066d671": "sets the legislative and political agenda", "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e7d": "17% to $8.7 billion", "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e7e": "17%", "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e7f": "32,463", "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e80": "52,500 sq mi) of Victorian land. This comprises more than 60%", "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e81": "60%", "570d529fb3d812140066d6bb": "tourism in Victoria, particularly cultural tourism and sports tourism", "570d529fb3d812140066d6bc": "tourism and sports tourism", "570d529fb3d812140066d6bd": "Melbourne", "570d529fb3d812140066d6be": "regional cities", "570d529fb3d812140066d6bf": "SurfClassic and the Bright Autumn Festival", "57105da9a58dae1900cd699e": "southern and central parts of France", "57105da9a58dae1900cd699f": "one-eighth", "57105da9a58dae1900cd69a0": "1562 to 1598", "57105da9a58dae1900cd69a1": "Edict of Nantes", "57105da9a58dae1900cd69a2": "Edict of Nantes, which granted the Huguenots substantial religious, political and military autonomy", "57106185b654c5140001f8db": "derision", "57106185b654c5140001f8dc": "Besan\u00e7on Hugues", "57106185b654c5140001f8dd": "Geneva", "57106185b654c5140001f8de": "John Calvin's adopted home and the centre of the Calvinist movement. In Geneva, Hugues", "57106185b654c5140001f8df": "1560", "57106644b654c5140001f8e5": "the Reformed church", "57106644b654c5140001f8e6": "1294", "57106644b654c5140001f8e7": "Guyard de Moulin", "57106644b654c5140001f8e8": "1487", "57106644b654c5140001f8e9": "Paris", "57106d2fb654c5140001f8ef": "villes de s\u00fbret\u00e9", "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f0": "66 \"villes de s\u00fbret\u00e9\"", "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f1": "1622", "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f2": "villes de s\u00fbret\u00e9", "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f3": "1598", "571077ecb654c5140001f909": "Cape of Good Hope", "571077ecb654c5140001f90a": "Cape Town", "571077ecb654c5140001f90b": "Maria de la Queillerie", "571077ecb654c5140001f90c": "Cape of Good Hope", "571077ecb654c5140001f90d": "1688 and 1689 in seven ships as part of the organised migration, but quite a few arrived as late as 1700", "57107932a58dae1900cd69ca": "1624", "57107932a58dae1900cd69cb": "Jess\u00e9 de Forest", "57107932a58dae1900cd69cc": "Francophone New Yorker", "57107932a58dae1900cd69cd": "Saint-Esprit, part of the Episcopal (Anglican) communion, and welcomes Francophone New Yorker", "57107932a58dae1900cd69ce": "Francophone New Yorker", "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69de": "Charleston, South Carolina", "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69df": "Charleston", "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69e0": "1697", "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69e1": "Edmund Bellinger", "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69e2": "Pons", "57107c24a58dae1900cd69e8": "William III of Orange", "57107c24a58dae1900cd69e9": "King of England", "57107c24a58dae1900cd69ea": "League of Augsburg", "57107c24a58dae1900cd69eb": "Edict of Nantes", "57107c24a58dae1900cd69ec": "1672", "57107d73b654c5140001f91d": "Edict of Fontainebleau", "57107d73b654c5140001f91e": "1685", "57107d73b654c5140001f91f": "Edict of Fontainebleau", "57107d73b654c5140001f920": "500,000", "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f2": "The Catholic Church", "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f3": "St. Bartholomew's Day massacre", "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f4": "5,000 to 30,000", "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f5": "many of its members opposed the Huguenots. Some Huguenot preachers and congregants were attacked as they attempted to meet for worship", "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f6": "St. Bartholomew's Day massacre when 5,000 to 30,000 were killed, although there were also underlying political reasons", "57108073b654c5140001f925": "the Huguenot rebellions", "57108073b654c5140001f926": "southwestern France", "57108073b654c5140001f927": "1621 and 1629", "57108073b654c5140001f928": "Henry IV", "57108073b654c5140001f929": "Louis XIII", "57108198b654c5140001f937": "one million", "57108198b654c5140001f938": "2%", "57108198b654c5140001f939": "Alsace", "57108198b654c5140001f93a": "C\u00e9vennes mountain", "57108198b654c5140001f93b": "C\u00e9vennes mountain region in the south, who still regard themselves as Huguenots to this day.[citation needed] A diaspora of French Australians", "57108c95b654c5140001f979": "New Rochelle", "57108c95b654c5140001f97a": "New Paltz", "57108c95b654c5140001f97b": "Huguenot Street Historic District\" in New Paltz", "57108c95b654c5140001f97c": "Huguenot Street Historic District", "57108c95b654c5140001f97d": "New Rochelle", "57108d69b654c5140001f983": "the Dutch Republic", "57108d69b654c5140001f984": "ca. 2 million", "57108d69b654c5140001f985": "ca. 2 million", "57108d69b654c5140001f986": "West Frisia", "57108d69b654c5140001f987": "Edict of Nantes", "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1a": "Huguon", "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1b": "King Hugo", "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1c": "le roi Huguet", "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1d": "pr\u00e9tendus r\u00e9form\u00e9s", "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1e": "night", "571090abb654c5140001f995": "Canterbury", "571090abb654c5140001f996": "Weavers, a half-timbered house", "571090abb654c5140001f997": "weavers", "571090abb654c5140001f998": "Kent, particularly Sandwich, Faversham", "571090abb654c5140001f999": "a half-timbered house", "57109180a58dae1900cd6a40": "Dublin, Cork, Youghal and Waterford", "57109180a58dae1900cd6a41": "Cork City", "57109180a58dae1900cd6a42": "Dublin", "57109180a58dae1900cd6a43": "a High Sheriff", "57109180a58dae1900cd6a44": "1696", "57109275b654c5140001f99f": "The exodus of Huguenots from France created a brain drain", "57109275b654c5140001f9a0": "British", "57109275b654c5140001f9a1": "non-Catholics", "57109275b654c5140001f9a2": "North American front of the Seven Years' War", "57109275b654c5140001f9a3": "1759", "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5c": "Henry of Navarre", "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5d": "1598", "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5e": "Catholicism", "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5f": "founding of new Protestant churches", "571093aba58dae1900cd6a60": "Henry IV", "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a66": "education of children as Catholics, and prohibited emigration", "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a67": "forbade Protestant services, required education of children as Catholics, and prohibited emigration", "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a68": "Four thousand", "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a69": "Catholics", "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a6a": "New York and Virginia", "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a76": "French colonisers", "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a77": "South America. The fort was destroyed in 1560", "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a78": "Fort Coligny", "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a79": "1560", "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a7a": "Catholicism", "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a86": "Afrikaans", "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a87": "Afrikaans", "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a88": "Western Cape province", "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a89": "Huguenot", "571097baa58dae1900cd6a98": "Paul Revere", "571097baa58dae1900cd6a99": "Paul Revere", "571097baa58dae1900cd6a9a": "North America worships in Charleston, South Carolina", "571097baa58dae1900cd6a9b": "Manakin", "571097baa58dae1900cd6a9c": "Texas", "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab2": "British lace industry", "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab3": "Bucks Point", "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab4": "no contemporary documentation to support there being Huguenot lacemakers in Bedfordshire. The implication that the style of lace known as 'Bucks Point", "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab5": "eighteenth century", "571099b2b654c5140001f9b3": "Dorotheenstadt and Friedrichstadt", "571099b2b654c5140001f9b4": "one-fifth", "571099b2b654c5140001f9b5": "protest", "571099b2b654c5140001f9b6": "1806-07", "571099b2b654c5140001f9b7": "Fredericia", "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b26": "Frederick William", "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b27": "the rugged C\u00e9vennes region in the south", "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b28": "the Camisards", "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b29": "Catholic Church in the region, burning churches and killing clergy", "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b2a": "1702 and 1709", "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b30": "Jacksonville", "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b31": "Jean Ribault", "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b32": "Fort Caroline", "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b33": "French naval", "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b34": "1564", "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa17": "Charlesfort", "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa18": "Southeastern", "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa19": "Caroline. Men\u00e9ndez", "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa1a": "1562", "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa1b": "Wars of Religion", "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3a": "Virginia", "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3b": "Lower Norfolk County", "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3c": "Manakin Town", "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3d": "390", "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3e": "1700", "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2b": "1568\u20131609", "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2c": "Spain", "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2d": "Apologie\" of William the Silent", "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2e": "William the Silent", "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2f": "Calvinist", "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b60": "Foreign Protestants Naturalization Act", "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b61": "1708", "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b62": "50,000", "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b63": "Andrew Lortie", "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b64": "Pope", "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b72": "Williamite war", "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b73": "William of Orange", "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b74": "Dublin, Cork, Portarlington, Lisburn, Waterford and Youghal", "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b75": "flax cultivation and the growth of the Irish linen", "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b76": "linen", "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa45": "Prince Louis de Cond\u00e9", "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa46": "Ludwig von Nassau-Saarbr\u00fccken", "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa47": "glass-making works", "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa48": "1890s", "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa49": "1604", "5711119cb654c5140001fae3": "England, Wales, Scotland, Denmark, Sweden, Switzerland, the Dutch Republic, the Electorate of Brandenburg and Electorate of the Palatinate", "5711119cb654c5140001fae4": "Protestant", "5711119cb654c5140001fae5": "Dutch Cape Colony", "5711119cb654c5140001fae6": "Protestant", "5711119cb654c5140001fae7": "worship freely", "571112ada58dae1900cd6bcc": "Capet", "571112ada58dae1900cd6bcd": "Hugues Capet", "571112ada58dae1900cd6bce": "Janet Gray", "571112ada58dae1900cd6bcf": "association with Hugues Capet, king of France, who reigned long before the Reformation", "571112ada58dae1900cd6bd0": "Hugues hypothesis", "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd6": "Jacques Lefevre", "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd7": "University of Paris", "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd8": "1530", "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd9": "William Farel", "57111380a58dae1900cd6bda": "Lefevre", "57111428b654c5140001faff": "24 August \u2013 3 October 1572", "57111428b654c5140001fb00": "Catholics", "57111428b654c5140001fb01": "thousands", "57111428b654c5140001fb02": "October. An amnesty granted in 1573", "57111429b654c5140001fb03": "7,000 more in the French provinces. By 17 September, almost 25,000", "571114cfb654c5140001fb09": "Louis XIV", "571114cfb654c5140001fb0a": "convert", "571114cfb654c5140001fb0b": "convert", "571114cfb654c5140001fb0c": "convert", "571114cfb654c5140001fb0d": "dragonnades, which included the occupation and looting of Huguenot homes by military troops", "5711163bb654c5140001fb13": "Westchester", "5711163bb654c5140001fb14": "New Rochelle", "5711163bb654c5140001fb15": "John Pell", "5711163bb654c5140001fb16": "La Rochelle", "5711163bb654c5140001fb17": "Paul's Episcopal Church, which contains heirlooms including the original bell", "57111713a58dae1900cd6c00": "quickly", "57111713a58dae1900cd6c01": "numerous contributions to United States economic life", "57111713a58dae1900cd6c02": "French first names and surnames", "57111713a58dae1900cd6c03": "many families continued to use French first names and surnames for their children well into the nineteenth century", "57111713a58dae1900cd6c04": "Lavoisier", "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0a": "Pierre Bayle", "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0b": "Rotterdam", "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0c": "Historical and Critical Dictionary", "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0d": "US Library of Congress", "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0e": "Nicolas, similar to the Dutch Sint", "57111992b654c5140001fb43": "French Protestant Church of London", "57111992b654c5140001fb44": "1550", "57111992b654c5140001fb45": "Soho Square", "57111992b654c5140001fb46": "Shoreditch", "57111992b654c5140001fb47": "1724", "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3c": "Church of St. Peter and St. Paul, Angerm\u00fcnde", "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3d": "Frankfurt), in modern-day Saarland", "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3e": "Edict of Potsdam", "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3f": "Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia", "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c40": "the Altpreu\u00dfische Infantry Regiments No. 13 (Regiment", "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c50": "Frederick William", "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c51": "Theodor Fontane", "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c52": "ace Adolf Galland", "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c53": "German Democratic Republic, Lothar de Maizi\u00e8re", "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c54": "Federal Minister of the Interior", "57112686b654c5140001fbd3": "solar power", "57112686b654c5140001fbd4": "Rankine cycle", "57112686b654c5140001fbd5": "steam within a boiler operating at a high pressure", "57112686b654c5140001fbd6": "high pressure", "57112686b654c5140001fbd7": "external combustion", "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb2": "atmospheric engine", "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb3": "Thomas Newcomen", "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb4": "1712", "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb5": "steam pump", "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb6": "Papin", "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc4": "Richard Trevithick", "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc5": "21 February 1804", "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc6": "Pen-y-darren ironworks, near Merthyr Tydfil to Abercynon in south Wales", "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc7": "south Wales", "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc8": "south", "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d0e": "The Rankine cycle and most practical steam engines have a water pump", "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d0f": "multi-stage centrifugal pumps", "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d10": "1850s", "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d11": "steam locomotives", "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d12": "a steam jet", "57113639a58dae1900cd6d18": "three or four", "57113639a58dae1900cd6d19": "triple and quadruple expansion engines", "57113639a58dae1900cd6d1a": "19th", "57113639a58dae1900cd6d1b": "low-pressure expansion stages between two cylinders, one at each end of the engine. This allowed the crankshaft", "57113639a58dae1900cd6d1c": "Yarrow", "571136b8a58dae1900cd6d22": "Stephenson", "571136b8a58dae1900cd6d23": "Joy", "571136b8a58dae1900cd6d24": "lengthening rubbing surfaces of the valve", "57113ba6b654c5140001fc1f": "Lead fusible plugs", "57113ba6b654c5140001fc20": "the temperature of the firebox crown increases significantly", "57113ba6b654c5140001fc21": "If the water level drops, such that the temperature of the firebox crown increases significantly, the lead melts and the steam escapes", "57113ba6b654c5140001fc22": "manually suppress the fire", "57113ba6b654c5140001fc23": "dampening the fire", "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d28": "James Watt", "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d29": "rotary", "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d2a": "ten", "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d2b": "1883", "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d2c": "Industrial Revolution", "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d32": "first century AD", "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d33": "Greek mathematician Hero of Alexandria", "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d34": "Greek mathematician", "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d35": "Giovanni Branca", "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d36": "1606", "57113f83b654c5140001fc29": "compound engines", "57113f83b654c5140001fc2a": "expansions", "57113f83b654c5140001fc2b": "expansions", "57113f83b654c5140001fc2c": "efficiency was important to reduce the weight of coal carried", "57113f83b654c5140001fc2d": "reciprocating (piston) steam engines, with shipping in the 20th-century relying upon the steam turbine", "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5a": "steam turbines", "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5b": "late", "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5c": "several hundred horsepower", "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5d": "90%", "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5e": "steam turbines", "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d6e": "burning combustible materials", "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d6f": "combustion chamber", "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d70": "solar energy or waste heat from an internal combustion engine or industrial process", "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d71": "electric", "57114667a58dae1900cd6d80": "the steam engine indicator", "57114667a58dae1900cd6d81": "1851", "57114667a58dae1900cd6d82": "Charles Porter", "57114667a58dae1900cd6d83": "Charles Richard", "57114667a58dae1900cd6d84": "London Exhibition", "5711475ca58dae1900cd6d8a": "90\u00b0 out of phase", "5711475ca58dae1900cd6d8b": "180\u00b0", "5711475ca58dae1900cd6d8c": "90\u00b0", "5711488ab654c5140001fc3d": "counterflow", "5711488ab654c5140001fc3e": "two", "5711488ab654c5140001fc3f": "one", "5711488ab654c5140001fc40": "four", "5711488ab654c5140001fc41": "expansion", "57114aceb654c5140001fc47": "rotary", "57114aceb654c5140001fc48": "counterflow cycle", "57114aceb654c5140001fc49": "simple-expansion", "57114b1a2419e31400955575": "An oscillating cylinder steam engine", "57114b1a2419e31400955576": "trunnion", "57114b1a2419e31400955577": "models", "57114b1a2419e31400955578": "ships", "57114dfb50c2381900b54a53": "recycled continuously", "57114dfb50c2381900b54a54": "open loop\" system", "57114dfb50c2381900b54a55": "Mercury is the working fluid in the mercury vapor turbine. Low boiling hydrocarbons", "57114dfb50c2381900b54a56": "recycled", "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5b": "working fluid", "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5c": "565 \u00b0C", "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5d": "stainless steel", "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5e": "30 \u00b0C", "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5f": "63%", "57114f0050c2381900b54a65": "Steam engines", "57114f0050c2381900b54a66": "steamboats", "57114f0050c2381900b54a67": "Stanley Steamer", "57114f0050c2381900b54a68": "powering pumping stations", "57114f0050c2381900b54a69": "an increase in the land available for cultivation", "571153422419e3140095557d": "Catch Me", "571153422419e3140095557e": "Matthew Murray", "571153422419e3140095557f": "twin-cylinder", "571153422419e31400955580": "edge railed rack and pinion Middleton Railway", "571153422419e31400955581": "Stockton and Darlington Railway", "5711541350c2381900b54a6f": "Arthur Woolf", "5711541350c2381900b54a70": "British", "5711541350c2381900b54a71": "torque variability", "5711541350c2381900b54a72": "torque", "571154c72419e31400955587": "90%", "571154c72419e31400955588": "Diesel engines, and gas turbines, have almost entirely supplan", "571154c72419e31400955589": "gas turbines", "571154c72419e3140095558a": "Diesel", "571154c72419e3140095558b": "reduction", "571155ae2419e31400955591": "Rankine cycle", "571155ae2419e31400955592": "condenser", "571155ae2419e31400955593": "1990s", "571155ae2419e31400955594": "biomass, coal and nuclear power plants. It is named after William John Macquorn", "571155ae2419e31400955595": "Scottish", "571156152419e3140095559b": "over the average Newcomen design. Early Watt engines equipped with high-pressure steam improved this to 65 million", "571156152419e3140095559c": "Watt", "571156152419e3140095559d": "94", "571156152419e3140095559e": "7 million", "571156152419e3140095559f": "17. This was a three-fold", "57115ac550c2381900b54a77": "Reciprocating", "57115ac550c2381900b54a78": "Reciprocating piston type steam engines", "57115ac550c2381900b54a79": "turbine", "57115ac550c2381900b54a7a": "reciprocating", "57115b2850c2381900b54a7f": "Thomas Savery", "57115b2850c2381900b54a80": "water pump", "57115b2850c2381900b54a81": "1698", "57115b2850c2381900b54a82": "Bento de Moura Portugal", "57115b2850c2381900b54a83": "John Smeaton", "57115b8b50c2381900b54a89": "Richard Trevithick and, separately, Oliver Evans", "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8a": "Oliver Evans", "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8b": "1802", "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8c": "transport applications", "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8d": "power", "57115bf350c2381900b54a93": "Energiprojekt AB", "57115bf350c2381900b54a94": "Sweden", "57115bf350c2381900b54a95": "5", "57115bf350c2381900b54a96": "27-30%", "57115bf350c2381900b54a97": "27-30%", "57115c7450c2381900b54a9d": "surface condensers", "57115c7450c2381900b54a9e": "automobile radiator", "57115c7450c2381900b54a9f": "automobile radiator", "57115c7450c2381900b54aa0": "wet) cooling towers use the rejected heat", "57115c7450c2381900b54aa1": "twenty", "57115dbe2419e314009555a5": "flour mill Boulton & Watt were building", "57115dbe2419e314009555a6": "Boulton", "57115dbe2419e314009555a7": "flour mill Boulton & Watt were building", "57115dbe2419e314009555a8": "speed", "57115dbe2419e314009555a9": "to handle smaller variations such as those caused by fluctuating heat load to the boiler", "57115e532419e314009555af": "1880", "57115e532419e314009555b0": "railway locomotives", "57115e532419e314009555b1": "complicated", "57115e532419e314009555b2": "1930", "57115e532419e314009555b3": "road", "57115f0a50c2381900b54aa7": "cutoff", "57115f0a50c2381900b54aa8": "choking it and giving excessive compression (\"kick", "57115f0a50c2381900b54aa9": "choking", "57115f0a50c2381900b54aaa": "fixed length", "57115f652419e314009555b9": "Jer\u00f3nimo de Ayanz y Beaumont", "57115f652419e314009555ba": "Spanish inventor", "57115f652419e314009555bb": "1606", "57115f652419e314009555bc": "1698", "57115f652419e314009555bd": "1712", "57115ff82419e314009555c3": "rotating discs", "57115ff82419e314009555c4": "a drive shaft", "57115ff82419e314009555c5": "static discs", "57115ff82419e314009555c6": "static discs", "57115ff82419e314009555c7": "nuclear power applications the turbines", "5711607f2419e314009555cd": "boilers and condensers", "5711607f2419e314009555ce": "electric motors", "5711607f2419e314009555cf": "steam turbine plant", "5711607f2419e314009555d0": "Steam movement", "5711607f2419e314009555d1": "pollution", "571161092419e314009555d7": "Wankel engine", "571161092419e314009555d8": "Wankel engine", "571161092419e314009555d9": "steam-tight", "5711619950c2381900b54aaf": "1763\u20131775", "5711619950c2381900b54ab0": "atmospheric", "5711619950c2381900b54ab1": "half", "5711619950c2381900b54ab2": "Newcomen's", "5711619950c2381900b54ab3": "a piston", "5711623e50c2381900b54ab9": "two", "5711623e50c2381900b54aba": "safety valves", "5711623e50c2381900b54abb": "spring-loaded valve", "5711623e50c2381900b54abc": "illegally", "5711623e50c2381900b54abd": "power", "5711628a2419e314009555dd": "Corliss steam engine", "5711628a2419e314009555de": "1849", "5711628a2419e314009555df": "four", "5711628a2419e314009555e0": "Rumford medal", "5711628a2419e314009555e1": "30%", "571163172419e314009555e7": "thermodynamic theory", "571163172419e314009555e8": "Watt", "571163172419e314009555e9": "the separate condenser", "571163172419e314009555ea": "Joseph Black", "571163172419e314009555eb": "latent heat", "5711648850c2381900b54ac3": "that during the compression stage relatively little work is required to drive the pump", "5711648850c2381900b54ac4": "drive the pump", "5711648850c2381900b54ac5": "1% to 3%", "5711648850c2381900b54ac6": "1500 \u00b0C", "5711651050c2381900b54acb": "injector", "5711651050c2381900b54acc": "pumps", "5711651050c2381900b54acd": "superheaters", "5711651050c2381900b54ace": "bunker", "5711651050c2381900b54acf": "screw stoking mechanism", "5711658e50c2381900b54ad5": "feed water", "5711658e50c2381900b54ad6": "British", "5711658e50c2381900b54ad7": "dreadnought battleships, and ocean liners", "5711658e50c2381900b54ad8": "dreadnought battleships", "5711658e50c2381900b54ad9": "1905", "571166352419e314009555f1": "heating water", "571166352419e314009555f2": "heating water", "571166352419e314009555f3": "heating water", "571166352419e314009555f4": "turbo-electric transmission", "571166352419e314009555f5": "Sweden", "5711669550c2381900b54adf": "practical Carnot cycle", "5711669550c2381900b54ae0": "the condenser", "5711669550c2381900b54ae1": "constant pressure", "5711669550c2381900b54ae2": "isothermal", "5711669550c2381900b54ae3": "a pump", "571a484210f8ca1400304fbd": "8", "571a484210f8ca1400304fbe": "oxygen", "571a484210f8ca1400304fbf": "Diatomic oxygen", "571a484210f8ca1400304fc0": "two", "571a484210f8ca1400304fc1": "half", "571c3a685efbb31900334db2": "8", "571c3a685efbb31900334db3": "chalcogen group", "571c3a685efbb31900334db4": "oxides", "571c3a685efbb31900334db5": "third", "571c3a685efbb31900334db6": "dioxygen", "571a49de4faf5e1900b8a94a": "photosynthesis", "571a49de4faf5e1900b8a94b": "sunlight", "571a49de4faf5e1900b8a94c": "erosion", "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09c": "oxygen", "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09d": "water", "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09e": "photosynthesis", "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09f": "water", "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c0a0": "photosynthetic action of living organisms. Another form (allotrope", "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd5": "Robert Boyle", "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd6": "John Mayow", "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd7": "nitroaereus", "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd8": "1641\u20131679", "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a6": "Robert Boyle", "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a7": "spiritus nitroaereus or just nitroaereus", "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a8": "17th", "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a9": "respiration", "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0aa": "John Mayow", "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a958": "Priestley", "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a959": "sunlight", "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a95a": "mercuric oxide", "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a95b": "HgO) inside a glass tube", "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b0": "mercuric oxide", "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b1": "dephlogisticated air", "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b2": "1775", "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b3": "Experiments", "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b4": "candles burned brighter in the gas and that a mouse was more active and lived longer while breathing it", "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fdd": "Leonardo da Vinci", "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fde": "Philo of Byzantium", "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fdf": "2nd century BCE", "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fe0": "classical element fire", "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0ba": "Philo of Byzantium", "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0bb": "converted into the classical element fire", "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0bc": "Pneumatica", "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0bd": "Leonardo da Vinci", "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0be": "respiration", "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a960": "an ignition event, such as heat or a spark", "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a961": "heat or a spark", "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a962": "donate oxygen", "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a963": "Oxygen", "571cebc05efbb31900334e48": "rapid combustion", "571cebc05efbb31900334e49": "trigger combustion", "571cebc05efbb31900334e4a": "oxidant", "571cebc05efbb31900334e4b": "oxidant", "571cebc05efbb31900334e4c": "oxygen", "571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a969": "Concentrated O\n2 will allow combustion to proceed rapidly and energetically. Steel pipes and storage vessels used to store and transmit both gaseous and liquid oxygen", "571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a96a": "1\u20443", "571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a96b": "special training", "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a0": "allow combustion to proceed rapidly and energetically. Steel pipes and storage vessels used to store and transmit both gaseous and liquid oxygen will act as a fuel", "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a1": "atmospheric pressure", "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a2": "Steel pipes and storage vessels used to store and transmit both gaseous and liquid oxygen will act as a fuel", "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a4": "Apollo 1 crew", "571a53d410f8ca1400304fe5": "mantle", "571a53d410f8ca1400304fe6": "quartz", "571a53d410f8ca1400304fe7": "carbon dioxide", "571ce7f25efbb31900334e3e": "carbon dioxide", "571ce7f25efbb31900334e3f": "silicon", "571ce7f25efbb31900334e40": "mantle", "571ce7f25efbb31900334e41": "silicon", "571ce7f25efbb31900334e42": "silicon", "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c4": "monatomic", "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c5": "simplest atomic ratios with respect to one another", "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c6": "HO", "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c7": "hydrogen", "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c8": "Amedeo Avogadro", "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0ce": "phlogiston", "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0cf": "iron", "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0d0": "gas", "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0d1": "metals", "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0d2": "lighter", "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0d8": "a covalent double bond", "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0d9": "the two oxygen atoms", "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0da": "double bond", "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0db": "chemically bonded to each other", "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0dc": "filling of molecular orbitals formed from the atomic orbitals of the individual oxygen atoms", "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e2": "1773 or earlier, and Joseph Priestley in Wiltshire, in 1774", "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e3": "1774", "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e4": "Carl Wilhelm Scheele", "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e5": "Carl Wilhelm Scheele, in Uppsala, in 1773 or earlier, and Joseph Priestley in Wiltshire, in 1774, but Priestley", "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e6": "combustion and corrosion", "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ec": "filled \u03c0* orbitals", "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ed": "triplet oxygen", "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ee": "organic molecules, which have paired electron spins", "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ef": "organic molecules, which have paired electron spins", "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0f0": "antibonding, and so their filling weakens", "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f6": "there was no overall increase in weight when tin and air were heated in a closed container", "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f7": "weight", "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f8": "increased in weight", "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f9": "1777", "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0fa": "azote (Gk", "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c100": "ozone", "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c101": "Trioxygen", "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c102": "lung tissue", "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c103": "protective radiation shield", "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c104": "UV region of the spectrum", "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10a": "dioxygen, O\n2", "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10b": "dioxygen", "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10c": "dioxygen, O\n2", "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10d": "dioxygen, O\n2. It is the form that is a major part of the Earth's atmosphere", "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10e": "complex forms of life", "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c114": "James Dewar", "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c115": "1891", "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c116": "1895", "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c118": "oxyacetylene", "571c96095efbb31900334dbc": "Oxygen", "571c96095efbb31900334dbd": "temperature", "571c96095efbb31900334dbe": "6.04 milliliters (mL) of oxygen per liter, whereas seawater contains about 4.95 mL per liter. At 5 \u00b0C", "571c96095efbb31900334dbf": "nitrogen", "571c96095efbb31900334dc0": "about twice", "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c11e": "88.8%", "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c11f": "third", "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c120": "0.9%", "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c121": "world's oceans", "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c122": "1%", "571caac55efbb31900334dc6": "19th", "571caac55efbb31900334dc7": "carbon dioxide", "571caac55efbb31900334dc8": "Louis Paul Cailletet", "571caac55efbb31900334dc9": "molecular oxygen. Only a few drops", "571caac55efbb31900334dca": "March 29, 1883", "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd0": "silicon wafer", "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd1": "oxygen-16", "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd2": "crashed Genesis spacecraft", "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd3": "depleted", "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd4": "protoplanetary material prior to the coalescence", "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c128": "Singlet oxygen is a name given to several higher-energy species of molecular O\n2", "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c129": "common organic molecules", "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c12a": "water during photosynthesis", "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c12b": "photolysis of ozone", "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c12c": "Carotenoids", "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c132": "Paleoclimatologists", "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c133": "oxygen-18 and oxygen-16", "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c134": "12%", "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c135": "18. Marine organisms then incorporate more oxygen-18 into their skeletons and shells", "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c136": "snow and rain", "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13c": "687 and 760 nm", "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13d": "carbon cycle", "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13e": "vegetation canopies", "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13f": "carbon cycle", "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c140": "remote sensing scientists have proposed using the measurement of the radiance coming from vegetation canopies", "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c146": "paramagnetic. That is, they impart magnetic character to oxygen", "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c147": "liquid oxygen", "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c148": "unpaired electrons", "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c149": "Liquid oxygen", "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c14a": "magnet", "571cc5c45efbb31900334dda": "superoxide ion (O\u2212\n2) and hydrogen peroxide", "571cc5c45efbb31900334ddb": "immune system", "571cc5c45efbb31900334ddc": "pathogen attack", "571cc5c45efbb31900334ddd": "obligately anaerobic organisms", "571cc5c45efbb31900334dde": "about 2.5 billion years ago", "571cc6f85efbb31900334de4": "90.20 K", "571cc6f85efbb31900334de5": "90.20 K", "571cc6f85efbb31900334de6": "nitrogen", "571cc6f85efbb31900334de7": "nitrogen", "571cc6f85efbb31900334de8": "nitrogen as a coolant. It is a highly reactive substance and must be segregated from comb", "571cc8815efbb31900334dee": "water bodies", "571cc8815efbb31900334def": "lower", "571cc8815efbb31900334df0": "their higher oxygen content", "571cc8815efbb31900334df1": "biochemical oxygen", "571cc8815efbb31900334df2": "algae", "571cca4add7acb1400e4c150": "3.5 billion years ago", "571cca4add7acb1400e4c151": "Paleoproterozoic eon", "571cca4add7acb1400e4c152": "banded iron formations", "571cca4add7acb1400e4c153": "1.7 billion years", "571cca4add7acb1400e4c154": "3\u20132.7 billion years ago", "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15a": "oxygen gas", "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15b": "photosynthesis", "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15c": "unusually high concentration of oxygen gas on Earth", "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15d": "photosynthesis", "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15e": "oxygen", "571ccd9b5efbb31900334df8": "pumped through a pipeline", "571ccd9b5efbb31900334df9": "90%", "571ccd9b5efbb31900334dfa": "nitrogen", "571ccd9b5efbb31900334dfb": "cryogenic", "571ccd9b5efbb31900334dfc": "passing a stream of clean, dry air through one bed", "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c164": "water", "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c165": "Oxygen gas", "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c166": "DC", "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c167": "water into molecular oxygen and hydrogen", "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c168": "Chemical catalysts can be used as well, such as in chemical oxygen generators", "571cd11add7acb1400e4c16e": "mild", "571cd11add7acb1400e4c16f": "pharmacological effect", "571cd11add7acb1400e4c170": "oxygen masks", "571cd11add7acb1400e4c171": "2 mixtures", "571cd11add7acb1400e4c172": "placebo effect", "571cd3b55efbb31900334e03": "decompression sickness", "571cd3b55efbb31900334e04": "carbon monoxide", "571cd3b55efbb31900334e05": "anaerobic bacteria", "571cd3b55efbb31900334e06": "sickness", "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c178": "O\n2", "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c179": "emphysema", "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c17a": "the heart", "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c17b": "Oxygen therapy", "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c17c": "gaseous", "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c182": "electronegativity", "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c183": "electronegativity", "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c184": "FeO", "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c185": "chemical bonds", "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c186": "thin film of oxide that passivates the metal and slows further corrosion", "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c18d": "cabin depressurization", "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c18e": "exother", "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c18f": "exother", "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c190": "oxygen", "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c196": "high pressure", "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c197": "insulated tankers", "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c198": "a liquid in specially insulated tankers", "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c199": "oxy-fuel welding", "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c19a": "tankers are used to refill bulk liquid oxygen storage containers", "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0c": "ethanol", "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0d": "alcohols", "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0e": "isopropanol, furan, THF, diethyl ether, dioxane, ethyl acetate", "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0f": "acetone, methanol, ethanol", "571cdcb85efbb31900334e10": "2", "571cde695efbb31900334e16": "phosphate", "571cde695efbb31900334e17": "a few common complex", "571cde695efbb31900334e18": "carbohydrates", "571cde695efbb31900334e19": "carbohydrates", "571cde695efbb31900334e1a": "squalene and the carotenes", "571ce3745efbb31900334e20": "Oxygen toxicity to the lungs and central nervous system", "571ce3745efbb31900334e21": "permanent pulmonary fibrosis", "571ce3745efbb31900334e22": "Exposure to a O\n2 partial pressures", "571ce3745efbb31900334e23": "Acute oxygen toxicity (causing seizures", "571ce3745efbb31900334e24": "seizures", "571ce5055efbb31900334e2a": "low total pressures used", "571ce5055efbb31900334e2b": "O\n2 partial pressure in the breathing gas", "571ce5055efbb31900334e2c": "1.4 times", "571ce5055efbb31900334e2d": "Breathing pure O\n2", "571ce5055efbb31900334e2e": "low total pressures", "571ce6655efbb31900334e34": "at elevated partial pressures", "571ce6655efbb31900334e35": "partial pressures", "571ce6655efbb31900334e36": "50% oxygen composition", "571ce6655efbb31900334e37": "Oxygen gas", "571ce6655efbb31900334e38": "30%", "5725b33f6a3fe71400b8952d": "October 1973", "5725b33f6a3fe71400b8952e": "$12 globally", "5725b33f6a3fe71400b8952f": "1979", "5725b33f6a3fe71400b89530": "shock", "5725b33f6a3fe71400b89531": "the members of the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries", "5725b5a689a1e219009abd28": "disassociate themselves from United States foreign policy in the Middle East to avoid being targeted by the boycott", "5725b5a689a1e219009abd29": "multilateral negotiations with the combatants.", "5725b5a689a1e219009abd2a": "January 18, 1974", "5725b5a689a1e219009abd2b": "March 1974", "5725b76389a1e219009abd4a": "August 15, 1971", "5725b76389a1e219009abd4b": "rise and fall according to market demand", "5725b76389a1e219009abd4c": "decreased. In September 1971, OPEC issued a joint communiqu\u00e9 stating that, from then on, they would price", "5725b76389a1e219009abd4d": "September 1971", "5725b76389a1e219009abd4e": "Because oil was priced in dollars", "5725b92e38643c19005acbd3": "less than two percent per year", "5725b92e38643c19005acbd4": "1971", "5725b92e38643c19005acbd5": "1973\u20131974", "5725b92e38643c19005acbd6": "1967", "5725bad5271a42140099d0bd": "October 6, 1973", "5725bad5271a42140099d0be": "Iran", "5725bad5271a42140099d0bf": "ten", "5725bad5271a42140099d0c0": "Iran", "5725bad5271a42140099d0c1": "\"Of course [the price of oil", "5725bcb6271a42140099d0eb": "70%, to $5.11 a barrel", "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ec": "October 16, 1973", "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ed": "five percent from September's output and to continue to cut production in five percent monthly increments", "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ee": "$2.2 billion", "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ef": "curbed exports", "57261dab38643c19005ad037": "over 100 billion dollars", "57261dab38643c19005ad038": "Sunni extremist groups such as Al-Qaeda", "57261dab38643c19005ad039": "Middle East", "57261dab38643c19005ad03a": "higher oil prices and lower prices for their own export commodities", "57261dab38643c19005ad03b": "Wahhabism", "57261f9f271a42140099d4a9": "distribution and price disruptions", "57261f9f271a42140099d4aa": "the USSR", "57261f9f271a42140099d4ab": "1973", "57261f9f271a42140099d4ac": "Kissinger's dominance", "5726241189a1e219009ac2de": "embargo", "5726241189a1e219009ac2df": "automobiles", "5726241189a1e219009ac2e0": "Macroeconomic problems", "5726241189a1e219009ac2e1": "Arctic", "5726241189a1e219009ac2e2": "five to ten years", "5726487b5951b619008f6edd": "the Netherlands", "5726487b5951b619008f6ede": "Arabs and the Israelis", "5726487b5951b619008f6edf": "UK", "5726487b5951b619008f6ee0": "Israelis", "5726487b5951b619008f6ee1": "Ted Heath", "572649d8f1498d1400e8db36": "coal miners and railroad workers", "572649d8f1498d1400e8db37": "embargo", "572649d8f1498d1400e8db38": "1973", "572649d8f1498d1400e8db39": "UK, Germany, Italy, Switzerland and Norway", "572649d8f1498d1400e8db3a": "Sweden", "57264cac708984140094c1b3": "Price controls", "57264cac708984140094c1b4": "encourage investment", "57264cac708984140094c1b5": "creating greater scarcity", "57264cac708984140094c1b7": "rationing", "57264d9edd62a815002e80fe": "William E. Simon", "57264d9edd62a815002e80ff": "1973", "57264d9edd62a815002e8100": "coordinate the response to the embargo", "57264d9edd62a815002e8101": "20%", "57264efddd62a815002e8134": "55 mph", "57264efddd62a815002e8135": "Emergency Highway Energy Conservation Act", "57264efddd62a815002e8136": "Bill Clinton", "57264efddd62a815002e8137": "November 28, 1995", "57264efddd62a815002e8138": "1977", "572650325951b619008f6fa9": "energy crisis", "572650325951b619008f6faa": "market and technology realities", "572650325951b619008f6fab": "presidents", "57265200708984140094c237": "U.S. was so distraught by the rise in oil prices and being challenged by under-developed countries", "57265200708984140094c238": "British Prime Minister Edward Heath", "57265200708984140094c239": "10 years", "57265200708984140094c23a": "Arabs", "57265360dd62a815002e819a": "Japan", "57265360dd62a815002e819b": "71%", "57265360dd62a815002e819c": "noninvolvement policy", "57265360dd62a815002e819d": "November 22", "57265360dd62a815002e819e": "December 25", "57265526708984140094c2bd": "Afghanistan", "57265526708984140094c2be": "Saudi Arabia and Iran", "57265526708984140094c2bf": "Saudi arms", "57265526708984140094c2c0": "January 1979", "57265526708984140094c2c1": "December of the same year. In November 2010", "5726581fdd62a815002e823a": "large cars", "5726581fdd62a815002e823b": "Honda Accord", "5726581fdd62a815002e823c": "V8 and six cylinder", "5726581fdd62a815002e823d": "Japanese", "572659535951b619008f703f": "1973 oil crisis, Honda, Toyota and Nissan, affected by the 1981", "572659535951b619008f7040": "Toyota Corona Mark II", "572659535951b619008f7041": "Datsun) introduced larger cars such as the Toyota Corona Mark II, the Toyota Cressida, the Mazda 616 and Datsun 810", "572659535951b619008f7042": "Acura, Lexus", "57265a58dd62a815002e8270": "Toyota Hilux and the Datsun Truck", "57265a58dd62a815002e8271": "Dodge D-50 a few years after the oil crisis", "57265a58dd62a815002e8272": "Ford, Chrysler, and GM", "57265a58dd62a815002e8273": "Ford Ranger, Dodge Dakota and the Chevrolet S10/GMC S-15", "57265bdfdd62a815002e829e": "domestic sales", "57265bdfdd62a815002e829f": "four", "57265bdfdd62a815002e82a0": "1985", "57265bdfdd62a815002e82a1": "Carlo, Ford Thunderbird", "57265bdfdd62a815002e82a2": "Monte Carlo, Ford Thunderbird", "57265ceddd62a815002e82b8": "1979", "57265ceddd62a815002e82b9": "1981", "57265ceddd62a815002e82ba": "Federal safety standards, such as NHTSA Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 215 (pertaining to safety bumpers), and compacts like the 1974 Mustang I", "57265e11708984140094c3bb": "1981", "57265e11708984140094c3bc": "1980s", "57265e11708984140094c3bd": "recover market share", "57265e11708984140094c3be": "$40 per barrel", "5725b7f389a1e219009abd5d": "treaties and legislation", "5725b7f389a1e219009abd5e": "Treaties establishing the European Union", "5725b7f389a1e219009abd5f": "the Treaties establishing the European Union", "5725b7f389a1e219009abd60": "European Parliament", "5725c28a271a42140099d14d": "treaties and legislation", "5725c28a271a42140099d14e": "direct effect or indirect", "5725c28a271a42140099d14f": "primary law, secondary law and supplementary law", "5725c28a271a42140099d150": "Treaties establishing the European Union", "57268b43dd62a815002e88f0": "Treaties establishing the European Union", "57268b43dd62a815002e88f1": "Treaties establishing the European Union", "57268b43dd62a815002e88f2": "European Parliament", "57268b43dd62a815002e88f3": "three", "5725bbec271a42140099d0d1": "the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union", "5725bbec271a42140099d0d2": "the courts of member states", "5725bbec271a42140099d0d4": "European Court of Justice", "5725bbec271a42140099d0d5": "case law", "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d503": "the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union", "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d504": "Directives, the European Commission can take proceedings against the member state under the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union", "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d505": "European Court of Justice", "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d506": "case law", "57268bf9dd62a815002e890a": "the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union", "57268bf9dd62a815002e890b": "courts of member states", "57268bf9dd62a815002e890c": "European Court of Justice", "57268bf9dd62a815002e890d": "case law", "5725c743ec44d21400f3d549": "Treaty on European Union", "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54a": "The European Commission has the initiative to propose legislation. During the ordinary legislative procedure, the Council (which are ministers", "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54b": "ministers", "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54c": "Central Bank", "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54d": "Prime Ministers", "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb4": "The TEU", "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb5": "Gibraltar", "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb6": "external relations", "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb7": "founding treaties", "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb8": "in territories", "57268d2ddd62a815002e894e": "the Treaty on European Union", "57268d2ddd62a815002e894f": "Madeira, the Canary Islands and the French overseas departments. European Union law", "57268d2ddd62a815002e8950": "soon as they enter into force, unless stated otherwise, and are generally concluded for an unlimited period", "57268d2ddd62a815002e8951": "Pierre-et-Miquelon", "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bb": "common rules for coal and steel, and then atomic energy", "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bc": "Treaty of Rome 1957", "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bd": "1985", "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5be": "1972", "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bf": "Romania and Bulgaria", "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b0": "common rules for coal and steel, and then atomic energy", "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b1": "1992", "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b2": "1986", "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b3": "2007", "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b4": "1985", "57264865dd62a815002e8062": "Following the Nice Treaty", "57264865dd62a815002e8063": "France and the referendum in the Netherlands", "57264865dd62a815002e8064": "Its substance", "57264865dd62a815002e8065": "amending treaty", "57264865dd62a815002e8066": "it did not completely replace them.", "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c4": "constitutional law of the European Union", "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c5": "constitutional law of the European Union and make it more transparent", "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c6": "the 2004 Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe", "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c7": "Lisbon Treaty", "57264a8cdd62a815002e808c": "European Commission", "57264a8cdd62a815002e808d": "the Council", "57264a8cdd62a815002e808e": "Claude Juncker", "57264a8cdd62a815002e808f": "over intensively by the member states. The Commissioners, as a block, are then subject to a qualified majority vote", "57264a8cdd62a815002e8090": "Claude Juncker", "572691545951b619008f76e1": "Article 17(1) of the Treaty on European Union states the Commission should \"promote the general interest of the Union\" while Article 17", "572691545951b619008f76e2": "Claude Juncker", "572691545951b619008f76e3": "a monopoly on initiating the legislative procedure", "572691545951b619008f76e4": "Luxembourg", "572691545951b619008f76e5": "Claude Juncker", "57264e455951b619008f6f65": "Santer Commission", "57264e455951b619008f6f66": "a Commissioner giving her dentist a job", "57264e455951b619008f6f67": "ECJ's relaxed approach, a Committee", "57264e455951b619008f6f68": "John Dalli, who quickly resigned after allegations that he received a \u20ac60m", "57264e455951b619008f6f69": "\u20ac60", "5726926a5951b619008f7709": "1999", "5726926a5951b619008f770a": "Commission v Edith Cresson", "5726926a5951b619008f770b": "ECJ's relaxed approach, a Committee", "5726926a5951b619008f770c": "ECJ's relaxed approach, a Committee of Independent Experts found that a culture", "5726926a5951b619008f770d": "2012", "5726545f708984140094c2a5": "different ministers of the member states", "5726545f708984140094c2a6": "Donald Tusk", "5726545f708984140094c2a7": "74 per cent", "5726545f708984140094c2a8": "65 per cent of the population of the EU: currently this means around 74 per cent, or 260", "5726545f708984140094c2a9": "238", "57269424dd62a815002e8a1e": "the Council", "57269424dd62a815002e8a1f": "each six months", "57269424dd62a815002e8a20": "65 per cent of the population of the EU: currently this means around 74 per cent, or 260", "57269424dd62a815002e8a21": "TEU article 15", "572656e4dd62a815002e81fa": "qualified majority", "572656e4dd62a815002e81fb": "qualified majority", "572656e4dd62a815002e81fc": "harder to change EU law than stay the same. A different procedure exists for budgets", "572656e4dd62a815002e81fd": "Kompetenz question: who ultimately has the \"competence\" to define the EU's \"competence\". Many member state courts", "572656e4dd62a815002e81fe": "Parliament and Council", "572695285951b619008f774b": "TFEU article 294", "572695285951b619008f774c": "TFEU article 294 defines the \"ordinary legislative procedure", "572695285951b619008f774d": "Kompetenz-Kompetenz", "572695285951b619008f774e": "Conciliation Committee", "572658435951b619008f7025": "judicial branch", "572658435951b619008f7026": "Court of Justice of the European Union", "572658435951b619008f7027": "19", "572658435951b619008f7028": "German Bundesger", "572658435951b619008f7029": "European Union", "5726965ef1498d1400e8e484": "by assuming the task of interpreting the treaties, and accelerating economic and political integration", "5726965ef1498d1400e8e485": "Court of Justice of the European Union", "5726965ef1498d1400e8e486": "Civil Service Tribunal", "5726965ef1498d1400e8e487": "19", "5726965ef1498d1400e8e488": "European Union", "57265e455951b619008f70bb": "EU law has primacy", "57265e455951b619008f70bc": "Van Gend en Loos, said member states \"albeit within limited spheres, have restricted their sovereign rights", "57265e455951b619008f70bd": "1964 and 1968", "5726975c708984140094cb1f": "European Court of Justice and the highest national courts", "5726975c708984140094cb20": "1964", "5726975c708984140094cb21": "Gend en Loos", "572699db5951b619008f7799": "EU law takes primacy over national law where this agreed in the Treaties", "572699db5951b619008f779a": "foundational constitutional questions affecting democracy and human rights", "572699db5951b619008f779b": "1972", "572699db5951b619008f779c": "if the EU does not comply with its basic constitutional rights and principles", "572699db5951b619008f779d": "democratic", "57269aa65951b619008f77ab": "administrative law", "57269aa65951b619008f77ac": "1986", "57269aa65951b619008f77ad": "national rule conflicted, even though the member state government could be sued, if it would impose an obligation on another citizen or corporation", "57269aa65951b619008f77ae": "constitutional law", "57269bb8708984140094cb95": "Van Gend en Loos v Nederlandse Administratie der Belastingen", "57269bb8708984140094cb96": "Van Gend en Loos", "57269bb8708984140094cb97": "postal company", "57269bb8708984140094cb98": "Treaty provisions", "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b12": "Directives", "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b13": "4 weeks", "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b14": "28 days", "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b15": "1990s", "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e516": "cannot enforce conflicting laws", "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e517": "enforce conflicting laws", "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e518": "10 years, from age 18 to 28", "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e519": "Swedex GmbH", "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e51a": "65", "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e534": "national courts", "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e535": "incorporations would only be nullified for a fixed list of reasons", "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e536": "wages", "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e537": "6 million", "5726a00cf1498d1400e8e550": "European Court of Justice", "5726a00cf1498d1400e8e551": "fundamental rights", "5726a09f708984140094cc39": "1950s", "5726a09f708984140094cc3a": "Article 5", "5726a09f708984140094cc3b": "onerous", "5726a14c708984140094cc51": "1960s", "5726a14c708984140094cc52": "European Union law", "5726a14c708984140094cc53": "proper legal basis", "5726a14c708984140094cc54": "not take effect before they are published. The doctrine of legitimate expectation, which has its roots in the principles of legal certainty and good faith", "5726a1e5dd62a815002e8b86": "constitutional traditions common to the member states", "5726a1e5dd62a815002e8b87": "fundamental rights recognised and protected in the constitutions of member states", "5726a299dd62a815002e8b9e": "None", "5726a299dd62a815002e8b9f": "member states", "5726a299dd62a815002e8ba0": "1950", "5726a299dd62a815002e8ba1": "European Court of Human Rights", "5726a299dd62a815002e8ba2": "1999", "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e59e": "2007", "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e59f": "Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union", "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e5a0": "European Union", "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e5a1": "former is enforced by the European Court of Justice", "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5ae": "the 1997 Treaty of Amsterdam", "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5af": "1997", "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5b0": "1989", "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5b1": "30", "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5b2": "40", "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd0": "11 of the then 12", "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd1": "The UK", "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd2": "Social Chapter", "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd3": "1992", "5726a5525951b619008f78dd": "UK Labour Party", "5726a5525951b619008f78de": "1997", "5726a5525951b619008f78df": "Works Council Directive", "5726a5525951b619008f78e0": "1996", "5726a5525951b619008f78e1": "workforce consultation in businesses", "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf6": "France, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg and Germany", "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf7": "1951", "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf8": "cartels", "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf9": "Article 65 of the agreement banned cartels and article 66", "5726a638dd62a815002e8bfa": "1957", "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e654": "Article 101", "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e655": "abuse of dominant position", "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e656": "106", "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e657": "Article 102", "5726b58f5951b619008f7b55": "2007", "5726b58f5951b619008f7b56": "since the Treaty of Rome 1957", "5726b58f5951b619008f7b57": "consumer prices", "5726b58f5951b619008f7b58": "free trade, to prioritise", "5726b58f5951b619008f7b59": "North American Free Trade Association, or the World Trade Organisation", "5726b718dd62a815002e8dbe": "customs union", "5726b718dd62a815002e8dbf": "Quantitative restrictions on imports", "5726b718dd62a815002e8dc0": "Belgian law", "5726b718dd62a815002e8dc1": "Commission", "5726b718dd62a815002e8dc2": "Procureur du Roi v Dassonville", "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8e8": "25 per cent was contrary to TFEU article 34", "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8e9": "Bundesmonopol", "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8ea": "2009", "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8eb": "cocoa", "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8ec": "motorcycles or mopeds pulling trailers", "5726ba2c708984140094cf59": "Keck and Mithouard", "5726ba2c708984140094cf5a": "cut throat competition", "5726ba2c708984140094cf5b": "34", "5726ba2c708984140094cf5c": "36 to protect public health. Under the Unfair Commercial Practices Directive", "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e74": "people to pursue their life goals in any country through free movement", "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e75": "European Community", "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e76": "citizenship", "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e77": "van Justitie, a German man claimed the right to residence in the Netherlands, while he volunteered plumbing and household duties in the Bhagwan", "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e78": "stay", "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea6": "1 to 7", "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea7": "Jean-Marc Bosman", "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea8": "Mr Angonese to have a bilingual", "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea9": "Hendrix v Employee Insurance Institute the Court of Justice", "5726bc1add62a815002e8eaa": "14", "5726bcde708984140094cfbf": "Citizenship of the EU", "5726bcde708984140094cfc0": "increased the number of social services", "5726bcde708984140094cfc1": "Commission v Austria", "5726bcde708984140094cfc2": "higher education", "5726c002708984140094d073": "European Union", "5726c002708984140094d074": "tariffs", "5726c002708984140094d075": "Reyners v Belgium the Court of Justice held that a refusal to admit a lawyer to the Belgian bar because he lacked Belgian nationality was unjustified", "5726c002708984140094d076": "TFEU article 49", "5726c002708984140094d077": "official. By contrast in Commission", "5726c19add62a815002e8f8a": "2006", "5726c19add62a815002e8f8b": "shipping toxic waste", "5726c19add62a815002e8f8c": "October 2007", "5726c19add62a815002e8f8d": "2005", "5726c3da708984140094d0d9": "people who give services \"for remuneration\"", "5726c3da708984140094d0da": "cold calling customers", "5726c3da708984140094d0db": "narcotic drugs", "5726c3da708984140094d0dc": "the freedom (of the German health clinic) to provide services", "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac4": "Daily Mail", "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac5": "\u00a31 of capital to start a company, while Denmark's legislature took the view companies should only be started up if they had 200,000", "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac6": "\u00a31 of capital to start a company, while Denmark's legislature took the view companies should only be started up if they had 200,000", "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac7": "labour rights", "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac8": "\u00dcberseering BV v Nordic Construction GmbH", "5725b81b271a42140099d097": "Amazonia or the Amazon Jungle", "5725b81b271a42140099d098": "5,500,000", "5725b81b271a42140099d099": "nine", "5725b81b271a42140099d09a": "four", "5725b81b271a42140099d09b": "10%", "5728349dff5b5019007d9efe": "Amazoneregenwoud", "5728349dff5b5019007d9eff": "moist broadleaf forest", "5728349dff5b5019007d9f00": "Brazil", "5728349dff5b5019007d9f01": "10%", "5728349dff5b5019007d9f02": "nine nations. The majority of the forest is contained within Brazil, with 60%", "5729e2316aef0514001550c4": "moist broadleaf", "5729e2316aef0514001550c5": "5,500,000", "5729e2316aef0514001550c6": "nine", "5729e2316aef0514001550c7": "Brazil", "5729e2316aef0514001550c8": "60%", "5725be0f271a42140099d117": "wetter climate", "5725be0f271a42140099d118": "Climate fluctuations", "5725be0f271a42140099d119": "Oligocene", "5725be0f271a42140099d11a": "Middle Miocene, then retracted to a mostly inland formation at the last glacial maximum", "5725be0f271a42140099d11b": "survival", "57283adcff5b5019007d9f94": "wetter climate", "57283adcff5b5019007d9f95": "45\u00b0", "57283adcff5b5019007d9f96": "Climate fluctuations", "57283adcff5b5019007d9f97": "Oligocene", "57283adcff5b5019007d9f98": "expanded again during the Middle Miocene, then retracted to a mostly inland formation at the last glacial maximum", "5729e500af94a219006aa6b5": "Cretaceous\u2013Paleogene extinction event, the extinction of the dinosaurs and the wetter climate", "5729e500af94a219006aa6b6": "66\u201334 Mya, the rainforest extended as far south as 45\u00b0", "5729e500af94a219006aa6b7": "Middle Miocene", "5729e500af94a219006aa6b8": "glacial maximum", "5729e500af94a219006aa6b9": "34 million", "5725c071271a42140099d127": "mid-Eocene", "5725c071271a42140099d128": "the Atlantic", "5725c071271a42140099d129": "Solim\u00f5es Basin", "5725c071271a42140099d12a": "5\u201310 million years", "5725c071271a42140099d12b": "the Atlantic", "57283d173acd2414000df78f": "mid-Eocene", "57283d173acd2414000df790": "the Atlantic", "57283d173acd2414000df791": "Pacific", "57283d173acd2414000df792": "Amazonas Basin", "57283d173acd2414000df793": "Solim\u00f5es Basin", "5729e6313f37b319004785a9": "mid-Eocene", "5729e6313f37b319004785aa": "middle of the continent by the Purus Arch", "5729e6313f37b319004785ab": "Atlantic", "5729e6313f37b319004785ac": "Pacific", "5729e6313f37b319004785ad": "Solim\u00f5es Basin", "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50b": "Glacial Maximum", "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50c": "that rainfall in the basin during the LGM was lower than for the present", "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50d": "the rainforest was reduced to small, isolated refugia separated by open forest and grassland; other scientists argue that the rainforest", "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50e": "far to the north, south, and east than is seen today.", "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50f": "biased", "572841772ca10214002da1a6": "21,000", "572841772ca10214002da1a7": "over the last 21,000 years through the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and subsequent deglaciation", "572841772ca10214002da1a8": "sediment deposits from Amazon basin paleolakes and from the Amazon Fan indicate that rainfall in the basin during the LGM was lower", "572841772ca10214002da1a9": "lower than for the present", "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa779": "21,000", "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77a": "sediment deposits from Amazon basin paleolakes", "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77b": "moist tropical", "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77c": "small, isolated refugia separated by open forest and grassland", "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77d": "biased away from the center of the Amazon basin, and both explanations", "5725c63438643c19005acc9f": "CALIPSO satellite", "5725c63438643c19005acca0": "182 million", "5725c63438643c19005acca1": "1,600", "5725c63438643c19005acca2": "Amazon basin", "5725c63438643c19005acca3": "132 million", "5728455bff5b5019007da078": "NASA's CALIPSO satellite", "5728455bff5b5019007da079": "182 million tons", "5728455bff5b5019007da07a": "27.7 million tons", "5728455bff5b5019007da07b": "132 million tons", "5728455bff5b5019007da07c": "43 million", "5729ea263f37b319004785bd": "CALIPSO", "5729ea263f37b319004785be": "NASA's CALIPSO satellite", "5729ea263f37b319004785bf": "182 million tons", "5729ea263f37b319004785c0": "1,600", "5729ea263f37b319004785c1": "27.7 million", "5725c95f38643c19005accf3": "Amazonia", "5725c95f38643c19005accf4": "0.52/sq mi) is the maximum that can be sustained in the rainforest through hunting", "5725c95f38643c19005accf5": "agriculture", "5725c95f38643c19005accf6": "anthropological", "5725c95f38643c19005accf7": "5 million", "572847dd4b864d19001648bc": "agriculture", "572847dd4b864d19001648bd": "Betty Meggers", "572847dd4b864d19001648be": "0.2", "572847dd4b864d19001648bf": "Amazonia", "5729eb34af94a219006aa6c9": "Betty Meggers", "5729eb34af94a219006aa6ca": "Betty Meggers", "5729eb34af94a219006aa6cb": "0.2", "5729eb34af94a219006aa6cc": "5 million", "5729eb34af94a219006aa6cd": "200,000", "5725cbb289a1e219009abed2": "Francisco de Orellana", "5725cbb289a1e219009abed3": "1540s", "5725cbb289a1e219009abed4": "smallpox", "5725cbb289a1e219009abed5": "1970s", "5725cbb289a1e219009abed6": "AD 0\u20131250", "5729edd56aef051400155112": "Francisco de Orellana", "5729edd56aef051400155113": "1542", "5729edd56aef051400155114": "AD 0\u20131250", "5729edd56aef051400155115": "Alceu", "5729edd56aef051400155116": "11,000", "5725cf3238643c19005acd61": "black earth", "5725cf3238643c19005acd62": "large areas", "5725cf3238643c19005acd63": "agriculture and silviculture", "5725cf3238643c19005acd64": "Xingu tribe", "5725cf3238643c19005acd65": "Michael Heckenberger", "5729ef266aef05140015511c": "Terra preta", "5729ef266aef05140015511d": "agriculture and silviculture in the previously hostile environment", "5729ef266aef05140015511e": "Xingu tribe", "5729ef266aef05140015511f": "Michael Heckenberger", "5729ef266aef051400155120": "Michael Heckenberger and colleagues of the University of Florida. Among those were evidence of roads, bridges", "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61b": "2.5 million", "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61c": "five", "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61d": "40,000", "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61e": "Amazonian rivers and streams", "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61f": "128,843", "5729f0db6aef051400155126": "2.5 million", "5729f0db6aef051400155127": "2,000", "5729f0db6aef051400155128": "40,000", "5729f0db6aef051400155129": "378", "5729f0db6aef05140015512a": "five", "5726722bdd62a815002e8528": "62", "5726722bdd62a815002e8529": "1,100", "5726722bdd62a815002e852a": "90,790 tonnes", "5726722bdd62a815002e852b": "356 \u00b1 47 tonnes per hectare", "5726722bdd62a815002e852c": "438,000", "5729f2646aef051400155130": "16,000", "5729f2646aef051400155131": "1,100", "5729f2646aef051400155132": "90,790 tonnes", "5729f2646aef051400155133": "356 \u00b1 47 tonnes", "5729f2646aef051400155134": "438,000", "5729f3831d0469140077967b": "electric eels", "5729f3831d0469140077967c": "black caiman", "5729f3831d0469140077967d": "piranha", "5729f3831d0469140077967e": "lipophilic alkaloid toxins", "5729f3831d0469140077967f": "Vampire bats", "5729fd56af94a219006aa72f": "Deforestation", "5729fd56af94a219006aa730": "1960s", "5729fd56af94a219006aa731": "slash and burn", "5729fd56af94a219006aa732": "soil fertility and weed invasion", "5729fd56af94a219006aa733": "naked", "5729feaf6aef051400155188": "587,000", "5729feaf6aef051400155189": "587,000", "5729feaf6aef05140015518a": "livestock pasture", "5729feaf6aef05140015518b": "second", "5729feaf6aef05140015518c": "Seventy percent of formerly forested land in the Amazon, and 91%", "572a005f1d046914007796b7": "deforestation", "572a005f1d046914007796b8": "increased settlement and deforestation", "572a005f1d046914007796b9": "22,392 km2 or 8,646", "572a005f1d046914007796ba": "18%", "572a005f1d046914007796bb": "declined significantly in the Brazilian Amazon between 2004 and 2014, there has been an increase", "572a020f6aef051400155198": "biodiversity", "572a020f6aef051400155199": "destruction of the forest", "572a020f6aef05140015519a": "loss of biodiversity", "572a020f6aef05140015519b": "0.62 \u00b1 0.37 tons", "572a020f6aef05140015519c": "1.1 \u00d7 1011", "572a03a06aef0514001551aa": "severely reduced rainfall", "572a03a06aef0514001551ab": "2100", "572a03a06aef0514001551ac": "2100", "572a03a06aef0514001551ad": "21st century", "572a03a06aef0514001551ae": "climate change in addition to deforestation", "572a064a3f37b3190047865d": "deforestation", "572a064a3f37b3190047865e": "ethno-biology", "572a064a3f37b3190047865f": "deforestation and ecocide", "572a064a3f37b31900478660": "rainforest communities continue to disappear, while others, like the Urarina", "572a064a3f37b31900478661": "Peruvian", "572a07c11d046914007796d5": "remote sensing", "572a07c11d046914007796d6": "Google Earth", "572a07c11d046914007796d7": "southern Suriname", "572a07c11d046914007796d8": "handheld", "572a07c11d046914007796d9": "to protect their tribal lands from commercial interests. Using handheld GPS devices", "572a09abaf94a219006aa75b": "tree growth stages", "572a09abaf94a219006aa75c": "tree growth stages", "572a09abaf94a219006aa75d": "Tatiana Kuplich", "572a09abaf94a219006aa75e": "2006", "572a09abaf94a219006aa75f": "Synthetic aperture radar", "572a0b101d046914007796e9": "2005", "572a0b101d046914007796ea": "Woods Hole Research Center", "572a0b101d046914007796eb": "Scientists at the Brazilian National Institute of Amazonian Research", "572a0b101d046914007796ec": "deforestation", "572a0b101d046914007796ed": "desert", "572a0bebaf94a219006aa76f": "2010", "572a0bebaf94a219006aa770": "1,160,000", "572a0bebaf94a219006aa771": "three epicenters", "572a0bebaf94a219006aa772": "2005", "572a0bebaf94a219006aa773": "1.5", "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf2": "singular ctenophore", "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf3": "the \u2018combs\u2019 \u2013 groups of cilia", "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf4": "jelly, with one layer of cells on the outside and another lining the internal cavity", "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf5": "1.5 m (4 ft", "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf6": "the \u2018combs\u2019 \u2013 groups of cilia", "57263eaa38643c19005ad371": "comb jellies", "57263eaa38643c19005ad372": "1.5 m (4 ft", "57263eaa38643c19005ad373": "water", "57263eaa38643c19005ad374": "\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 kteis 'comb' and \u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9 pher\u014d 'carry", "57263eaa38643c19005ad375": "marine waters worldwide", "5725c337271a42140099d163": "100\u2013150", "5725c337271a42140099d164": "tentilla", "5725c337271a42140099d165": "ten times", "5725c337271a42140099d166": "flattened, deep-sea platy", "5725c337271a42140099d167": "flattened, deep-sea platyctenids, in which the adults of most species lack combs, and the coastal beroids", "5726400589a1e219009ac5ee": "ten times their own weight", "5726400589a1e219009ac5ef": "egg-shaped bodies and a pair of retractable tentacles fringed with tentilla", "5726400589a1e219009ac5f0": "deep-sea platyctenids, in which the adults of most species lack combs, and the coastal beroids", "5726400589a1e219009ac5f1": "phylum", "5726400589a1e219009ac5f2": "100\u2013150", "5725c57a89a1e219009abe5e": "the eggs and sperm mature at different times", "5725c57a89a1e219009abe5f": "produce both eggs and sperm", "5725c57a89a1e219009abe60": "sequential hermaphrodites", "5725c57a89a1e219009abe61": "platyctenids", "5725c57a89a1e219009abe62": "miniature beroids", "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd1": "a single animal can produce both eggs and sperm", "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd2": "can produce both eggs and sperm at the same time. Others are sequential hermaphrodites, in which the eggs and sperm mature at different times", "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd3": "the eggs and sperm mature at different times", "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd4": "platyctenids", "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd5": "platyctenids, whose young live as cydippid-like plankton", "5725c69738643c19005accb9": "accidental introduction of Beroe helped to mitigate the problem, as Beroe prey", "5725c69738643c19005accba": "ctenophore, Mnemiopsis", "5725c69738643c19005accbb": "fish stocks to collapse by eating both fish larvae", "5725c69738643c19005accbc": "bays", "5726431d271a42140099d7f5": "coastal locations", "5726431d271a42140099d7f6": "planktonic plants", "5726431d271a42140099d7f7": "Mnemiopsis", "5726431d271a42140099d7f8": "ctenophore", "5726431d271a42140099d7f9": "causing fish stocks to collapse", "5725c91e38643c19005acceb": "66 million years ago. Evidence accumulating since the 1980s", "5725c91e38643c19005accec": "Paleogene extinction", "5725c91e38643c19005acced": "soft, gelatinous bodies", "5725c91e38643c19005accee": "gelatinous bodies", "5726449f1125e71900ae1928": "soft, gelatinous bodies", "5726449f1125e71900ae1929": "cydippids", "5726449f1125e71900ae192a": "Cretaceous\u2013Paleogene extinction", "5726449f1125e71900ae192b": "tentacles", "5725cb33271a42140099d1db": "cnidarians", "5725cb33271a42140099d1dc": "colloblasts", "5725cb33271a42140099d1dd": "bilaterians", "5725cb33271a42140099d1de": "Ctenophores", "5725cb33271a42140099d1df": "colloblasts", "572646655951b619008f6ebf": "cnidarians", "572646655951b619008f6ec0": "colloblasts", "572646655951b619008f6ec1": "sticky and adhere to prey, although a few ctenophore species", "572646655951b619008f6ec2": "ctenophores and cnidarians", "572646655951b619008f6ec3": "bilaterians", "572647d0708984140094c14b": "mesoglea in cnidarians and ctenophores", "572647d0708984140094c14c": "diploblastic", "572647d0708984140094c14d": "ctenophores", "572647d0708984140094c14e": "sponges", "572648e8dd62a815002e8076": "cilia", "572648e8dd62a815002e8077": "hairs", "572648e8dd62a815002e8078": "ctenes", "572648e8dd62a815002e8079": "comb-bearing\", from the Greek \u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c2", "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db40": "cydippid", "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db41": "Coastal species", "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db42": "withstand waves and swirling sediment particles", "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db43": "Pleurobrachia, Beroe and Mnemiopsis", "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a0": "epithelium", "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a1": "biolumines", "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a2": "pharynx", "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a3": "a mouth that can usually be closed by muscles", "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a4": "mouth and pharynx", "57264cfa708984140094c1c3": "swimming-plates", "57264cfa708984140094c1c4": "ctenes", "57264cfa708984140094c1c5": "jellyfish. When trying to escape predators, one species can accelerate to six times", "57264cfa708984140094c1c6": "six times its normal speed; some other species reverse direction", "57264cfa708984140094c1c7": "millimeters", "57264e66dd62a815002e811a": "uncertain", "57264e66dd62a815002e811b": "mesoglea", "57264e66dd62a815002e811c": "ciliary rosettes", "57264e66dd62a815002e811d": "sinking", "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc5e": "aboral organ", "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc5f": "opposite end from the mouth", "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc60": "a transparent dome made of long, immobile cilia", "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc61": "statocyst", "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc62": "a balance sensor consisting of a statolith", "57265746dd62a815002e8218": "sea gooseberry", "57265746dd62a815002e8219": "slender tentacles", "57265746dd62a815002e821a": "egg-shaped", "57265746dd62a815002e821b": "slender", "57265746dd62a815002e821c": "narrow end", "572658daf1498d1400e8dcac": "tentilla", "572658daf1498d1400e8dcad": "mushroom-shaped cells", "572658daf1498d1400e8dcae": "they contain striated muscle", "572658daf1498d1400e8dcaf": "three", "572658daf1498d1400e8dcb0": "capturing prey", "572659ea5951b619008f7051": "eight", "572659ea5951b619008f7052": "eight rows of combs that run from near the mouth to the opposite end, and are spaced evenly round the body", "572659ea5951b619008f7053": "evenly round the body", "572659ea5951b619008f7054": "a ciliary groove", "57265aaf5951b619008f706b": "lobes", "57265aaf5951b619008f706c": "four", "57265aaf5951b619008f706d": "four", "57265aaf5951b619008f706e": "four", "57265aaf5951b619008f706f": "planktonic", "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd36": "clapping their lobes", "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd37": "escape from danger", "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd38": "beat in the same Mexican wave style as the mechanically coordinated comb rows of cydippids and beroids", "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd39": "Mexican wave style as the mechanically coordinated comb rows of cydippids and beroids", "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd50": "Nuda", "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd51": "Beroida", "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd52": "lips", "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd53": "tight closure streamlines", "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd54": "their large pharynx", "57265e97708984140094c3c3": "The Cestida", "57265e97708984140094c3c4": "belt animals", "57265e97708984140094c3c5": "by undulating their bodies", "57265e97708984140094c3c6": "Venus' girdle", "57265e97708984140094c3c7": "4.9 ft) long, and can undulate slowly or quite rapidly. Velamen", "572681c1dd62a815002e8796": "oval bodies that are flattened in the oral-aboral direction, with a pair of tentilla-bearing tentacles", "572681c1dd62a815002e8797": "a muscular \"foot", "572681c1dd62a815002e8798": "comb-rows", "572681c1dd62a815002e8799": "rocks, algae, or the body surfaces of other invertebrates", "572683075951b619008f7513": "via pores", "572683075951b619008f7514": "internal fertilization", "572683075951b619008f7515": "Mnemiopsis", "572683075951b619008f7516": "the parts of the internal canal network", "572683075951b619008f7517": "Fertilization is external in most species, but platyctenids", "572684365951b619008f753f": "tentacles and tentacle sheaths", "572684365951b619008f7540": "plankton", "572684365951b619008f7541": "In most species the juveniles gradually develop the body forms of their parents", "572684365951b619008f7542": "true larvae", "572684365951b619008f7543": "Beroe the juveniles, like the adults, lack tentacles and tentacle", "572686fc708984140094c8e5": "disturbed", "572686fc708984140094c8e6": "disturbed", "572686fc708984140094c8e7": "ink", "572686fc708984140094c8e8": "more brightly in relation to their body size", "5726887e708984140094c917": "no", "5726887e708984140094c918": "jellyfish", "5726887e708984140094c919": "high population densities", "5726887e708984140094c91a": "smaller, weaker swimmers such as rotifers and mollusc and crustacean larvae", "5726887e708984140094c91b": "Lampea", "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33c": "low ratio of organic matter to salt and water", "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33d": "chum salmon", "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33e": "ctenophores can provide a good diet if there are enough of them around. Beroids", "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33f": "ctenophores. Some jellyfish and turtles", "57268a37f1498d1400e8e340": "seasonal variations in population, most fish that prey on them are generalists, and may have a greater effect on populations than the specialist jelly-eaters", "57268c01dd62a815002e8912": "eating both fish larvae and small crustaceans", "57268c01dd62a815002e8913": "via the ballast tanks of ships", "57268c01dd62a815002e8914": "late 1980s", "57268c01dd62a815002e8915": "faster than normal \u2013 and above all by the absence of efficient predators on these introduced ctenophores. Mnemiopsis populations", "57268c01dd62a815002e8916": "faster than normal \u2013 and above all by the absence", "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39c": "soft, gelatinous bodies", "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39d": "jelly", "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39e": "Cambrian", "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39f": "Three", "57268da7f1498d1400e8e3a0": "tentacles", "57268f05dd62a815002e8990": "515 million years ago", "57268f05dd62a815002e8991": "Stromatoveris", "57268f05dd62a815002e8992": "Stromatoveris", "57268f05dd62a815002e8993": "aunt\" of ctenophores", "57268f05dd62a815002e8994": "Ediacaran period", "57269016708984140094ca41": "Bilateria", "57269016708984140094ca42": "nuclear receptors", "572691bedd62a815002e89dc": "beroids", "572691bedd62a815002e89dd": "monophyletic", "572691bedd62a815002e89de": "2001", "572691bedd62a815002e89df": "Richard Harbison", "5725ce4d38643c19005acd4d": "Fresno", "5725ce4d38643c19005acd4e": "220 miles", "5725ce4d38643c19005acd4f": "ash tree", "5725ce4d38643c19005acd50": "ash tree", "5725ce4d38643c19005acd51": "approximately 220 miles", "5725cfd0271a42140099d225": "1872", "5725cfd0271a42140099d226": "flooding", "5725cfd0271a42140099d227": "1885", "5725cfd0271a42140099d228": "47", "5725cfd0271a42140099d229": "Fresno", "5725d183271a42140099d23d": "2.7%", "5725d183271a42140099d23e": "Chinatown", "5725d183271a42140099d23f": "Pinedale", "5725d183271a42140099d240": "Fresno Fairgrounds", "5725d183271a42140099d241": "an assembly", "5725d34aec44d21400f3d639": "BankAmericard", "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63a": "BankAmericard", "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63b": "revolve a balance", "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63c": "1976", "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63d": "Visa Inc", "5725d42a89a1e219009abf58": "Bill Aken", "5725d42a89a1e219009abf59": "Bob Gallion", "5725d42a89a1e219009abf5a": "Madera", "5725d42a89a1e219009abf5b": "Wheeling, West Virginia", "5725d42a89a1e219009abf5c": "Lupe Mayorga", "5725d662ec44d21400f3d687": "three", "5725d662ec44d21400f3d688": "Roeding Park", "5725d662ec44d21400f3d689": "Kearney Park", "5725d662ec44d21400f3d68a": "Woodward Park", "5725d662ec44d21400f3d68b": "Kearney Park", "5725d7e438643c19005acdf9": "1880s and World War II", "5725d7e438643c19005acdfa": "Fresno Carnegie Public Library", "5725d7e438643c19005acdfb": "San Joaquin Light & Power Building", "5725d7e438643c19005acdfc": "Hughes Hotel", "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b3": "1964", "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b4": "Fulton Mall", "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b5": "Pierre-Auguste Renoir", "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b6": "Fulton Mall", "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b7": "art", "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c5": "southeast side", "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c6": "Kings Canyon Avenue and Clovis Avenue", "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c7": "1950s through the 1970s", "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c8": "which maintains a golf course designed by William P. Bell", "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c9": "William P. Bell", "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfea": "Tower Theatre", "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfeb": "1939", "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfec": "water tower", "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfed": "college moved to what is now the site of Fresno City College one-half mile north of the Tower", "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfee": "one-half mile south", "5725e1c4271a42140099d2d7": "late 1970s", "5725e1c4271a42140099d2d8": "second and third run movies", "5725e1c4271a42140099d2d9": "1978", "5725e1c4271a42140099d2da": "Fresno", "5725e1c4271a42140099d2db": "Evita and The Wiz at the theater", "5725e45689a1e219009ac048": "restaurants, live theater and nightclubs", "5725e45689a1e219009ac049": "within a few hundred feet", "5725e45689a1e219009ac04a": "Tower District", "5725e45689a1e219009ac04b": "Tower District", "5725e45689a1e219009ac04c": "Tower District", "5725e748ec44d21400f3d733": "early twentieth century homes", "5725e748ec44d21400f3d734": "Storybook", "5725e748ec44d21400f3d735": "newer areas of tract homes urban sprawl in north and east areas", "5725e748ec44d21400f3d736": "many", "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0ae": "Huntington Boulevard", "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0af": "William Stranahan", "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0b0": "1912", "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0b1": "large, stately homes", "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0b2": "fervor. A mere half decade later the tract had 267 homes. This rapid development was no doubt hastened by the Fresno Traction Company", "5725edfe38643c19005ace9f": "Southwest Fresno", "5725edfe38643c19005acea0": "southwest of the 99 freeway (which divides it from Downtown Fresno), west of the 41", "5725edfe38643c19005acea1": "African-American", "5725edfe38643c19005acea2": "Hmong", "5725edfe38643c19005acea3": "99 freeway", "5725f00938643c19005aced7": "Theo Kearney", "5725f00938643c19005aced8": "tall palm", "5725f00938643c19005aced9": "Fresno Street and Thorne Ave", "5725f00938643c19005aceda": "Elm, was given the name by the Fresno City Council", "5725f00938643c19005acedb": "Dogg Pound", "5725f190ec44d21400f3d76f": "1960s and 1990s", "5725f190ec44d21400f3d770": "Fresno and B streets", "5725f190ec44d21400f3d771": "Meat Solutions", "5725f190ec44d21400f3d772": "Fresno Chandler", "5725f190ec44d21400f3d773": "99", "5725f2c838643c19005aceed": "Ralph Woodward", "5725f2c838643c19005aceee": "300", "5725f2c838643c19005aceef": "2,500", "5725f2c838643c19005acef0": "22", "5725f2c838643c19005acef1": "April", "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fa": "1946", "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fb": "Developer William Smilie", "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fc": "Sierra Sky Park", "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fd": "Sierra Sky Park Airport is a residential airport community born of a unique agreement in transportation law to allow personal aircraft and automobiles", "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fe": "numerous such communities across the United States and around the world", "5725f5b1271a42140099d371": "mild, moist winters and hot and dry summers, thus displaying Mediterranean characteristics", "5725f5b1271a42140099d372": "July", "5725f5b1271a42140099d373": "46.5 \u00b0F", "5725f5b1271a42140099d374": "January and February there is an increased presence of southeastern wind directions", "5725f5b1271a42140099d375": "August", "5725f6e138643c19005acf19": "115 \u00b0F", "5725f6e138643c19005acf1a": "January 6, 1913", "5725f6e138643c19005acf1b": "1885", "5725f6e138643c19005acf1c": "falls", "5725f6e138643c19005acf1d": "snowfall", "5725f7cd38643c19005acf23": "494,665", "5725f7cd38643c19005acf24": "494,665", "5725f7cd38643c19005acf25": "8,525", "5725f7cd38643c19005acf26": "984 (22.6%) from other races, and 24,513 (5.0%", "5725f7cd38643c19005acf27": "4,404.5", "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b1": "68,511", "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b2": "11,698 (7.4%", "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b3": "1,388 (0.9%", "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b4": "65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.07. There were 111,529 families (70.4%", "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b5": "65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.07. There were 111,529 families (70.4%", "5725fabc89a1e219009ac128": "427,652", "5725fabc89a1e219009ac129": "149,025", "5725fabc89a1e219009ac12a": "8.4%", "5725fabc89a1e219009ac12b": "11.2%", "5725fabc89a1e219009ac12c": "4,097.9 people per square mile", "5725fb8138643c19005acf3f": "the Federal Communications Commission", "5725fb8138643c19005acf40": "KMJ-TV", "5725fb8138643c19005acf41": "June 1, 1953", "5725fb8138643c19005acf42": "NBC affiliate KSEE", "5725fb8138643c19005acf43": "KSEE", "5725fcbe271a42140099d3ad": "State Route 99", "5725fcbe271a42140099d3ae": "Sierra Freeway", "5725fcbe271a42140099d3af": "State Route 41", "5725fcbe271a42140099d3b0": "west", "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7dd": "Fresno", "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7de": "1950s", "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7df": "Route 99", "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7e0": "Federal funding", "5725ff8238643c19005acf49": "Amtrak San Joaquins", "5725ff8238643c19005acf4a": "Downtown Fresno", "5725ff8238643c19005acf4b": "Bakersfield-Stockton mainlines", "5725ff8238643c19005acf4c": "San Joaquin Valley Railroad", "5725ff8238643c19005acf4d": "city of Fresno", "5725d34089a1e219009abf50": "Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching", "5725d34089a1e219009abf51": "to provide a fault-tolerant, efficient routing method for telecommunication messages", "5725d34089a1e219009abf52": "theretofore established principles of pre-allocation of network bandwidth", "5725d34089a1e219009abf53": "National Physical Laboratory (United Kingdom) (NPL) in the late 1960s. Davies is credited with coining", "572632ceec44d21400f3dc2f": "Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching", "572632ceec44d21400f3dc30": "Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching", "572632ceec44d21400f3dc31": "Donald Davies at the National Physical Laboratory (United Kingdom) (NPL) in the late 1960s. Davies", "5725d52f89a1e219009abf78": "networking paradigm", "5725d52f89a1e219009abf79": "a fee per unit of connection time", "5725d52f89a1e219009abf7a": "fee per unit of information transmitted, such as characters, packets, or messages", "572634a789a1e219009ac56c": "principal networking paradigm", "572634a789a1e219009ac56d": "fee per unit of connection time", "572634a789a1e219009ac56e": "fee per unit of connection time", "572634a789a1e219009ac56f": "a fee per unit of information transmitted, such as characters, packets, or messages", "5726219489a1e219009ac2d0": "radio or 10BASE5", "5726356938643c19005ad2ff": "with or without intermediate forwarding nodes", "5726356938643c19005ad300": "intermediate network nodes asynchronously using first-in, first-out buffering", "5726356938643c19005ad301": "radio or 10BASE5", "5726249538643c19005ad07f": "distributed adaptive message block switching", "5726249538643c19005ad080": "distributed adaptive message block switching", "5726249538643c19005ad081": "use of a decentralized network", "5726249538643c19005ad082": "packets", "57263677ec44d21400f3dc49": "distributed adaptive message block switching", "57263677ec44d21400f3dc4a": "RM 3420 in 1964. Report P-2626 described a general architecture", "57263677ec44d21400f3dc4b": "use of a decentralized network", "57263677ec44d21400f3dc4c": "packets", "572629c6271a42140099d6a3": "message routing methodology", "572629c6271a42140099d6a4": "packet switching", "572629c6271a42140099d6a5": "nationwide network", "572629c6271a42140099d6a6": "ARPANET", "5726378238643c19005ad313": "Donald Davies", "5726378238643c19005ad314": "packet switching", "5726378238643c19005ad315": "ACM Symposium on Operating System Principles", "5726385e271a42140099d797": "complete addressing information", "5726385e271a42140099d798": "individually", "5726385e271a42140099d799": "a destination address, source address, and port numbers", "5726385e271a42140099d79a": "a dedicated path to help the packet find its way to its destination", "5726398589a1e219009ac588": "a setup phase in each involved node before any packet is transferred to establish the parameters of communication", "5726398589a1e219009ac589": "address information", "5726398589a1e219009ac58a": "a table. The packet header", "5726398589a1e219009ac58b": "any information, such as length, times", "57263b1638643c19005ad333": "handshake", "57263b1638643c19005ad334": "connection-oriented operations", "57263b1638643c19005ad335": "Internet Protocol", "57263b1638643c19005ad336": "A typical configuration", "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7b": "1969", "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7c": "the division of functions and tasks between the hosts at the edge of the network and the network core", "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7d": "Datagram Protocol", "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7e": "suite", "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc8d": "plug-n-play system", "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc8e": "allowed local area networks to be established ad hoc without the requirement for a centralized router or server", "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc8f": "addresses", "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc90": "plug-n-play system", "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a2": "CYCLADES packet switching network", "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a3": "ARPANET design and to support network research generally. It was the first network to make the hosts responsible for reliable delivery of data", "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a4": "It was the first network to make the hosts responsible for reliable delivery of data", "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a5": "ARPANET architecture", "57263ea0271a42140099d7c3": "network protocols", "57263ea0271a42140099d7c4": "to connect two PDP-11 minicomputers", "57263ea0271a42140099d7c5": "seven-layer OSI-compliant networking protocol", "57263ea0271a42140099d7c6": "networking powerhouse", "57263fd138643c19005ad37b": "a data network based on this voice-phone network", "57263fd138643c19005ad37c": "Schenectady, Phoenix, Chicago, and Phoenix", "57263fd138643c19005ad37d": "right.)", "57263fd138643c19005ad37e": "a high-level marketing manager", "5726414e271a42140099d7e5": "the Michigan Educational Research Information Triad", "5726414e271a42140099d7e6": "CDC mainframe", "5726414e271a42140099d7e7": "Ethernet attached hosts, and eventually TCP/IP and additional public universities in Michigan join the network. All of this set the stage", "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf5": "FCC-licensed public data network", "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf6": "Larry Roberts", "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf7": "Larry Roberts", "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf8": "ARPANET", "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf9": "1979", "5726431aec44d21400f3dd13": "international data communications network", "5726431aec44d21400f3dd14": "dial-up connections or dedicated async connections", "5726431aec44d21400f3dd15": "dial-up connections or dedicated async connections", "5726431aec44d21400f3dd16": "government agencies and large companies (mostly banks and airlines) to build their own dedicated networks", "5726431aec44d21400f3dd17": "government agencies and large companies (mostly banks and airlines) to build their own dedicated networks", "572643de5951261400b5195a": "two", "572643de5951261400b5195b": "Bell Northern Research", "572643de5951261400b5195c": "interconnection", "5726446a89cfff1900a8404d": "Australian public X.25", "5726446a89cfff1900a8404e": "applications such as on-line betting, financial applications", "5726446a89cfff1900a8404f": "until the mid-late 1990s", "57264586f1498d1400e8dac6": "the public switched data network operated by the Dutch PTT Telecom", "57264586f1498d1400e8dac7": "the network", "57264586f1498d1400e8dac8": "the network", "57264586f1498d1400e8dac9": "incorrect", "5726462b708984140094c117": "Computer Science Network", "5726462b708984140094c118": "to extend networking benefits", "5726462b708984140094c119": "authorization limitations", "5726472bdd62a815002e8042": "United States computer networking consortium", "5726472bdd62a815002e8043": "Qwest", "5726472bdd62a815002e8044": "Abilene", "5726472bdd62a815002e8045": "Qwest", "5726472bdd62a815002e8046": "October, 2007", "572647e2dd62a815002e805c": "National Science Foundation Network", "572647e2dd62a815002e805d": "advanced research and education networking", "572647e2dd62a815002e805e": "National Science Foundation Network", "572648d1708984140094c15d": "high-speed Backbone Network Service", "572648d1708984140094c15e": "high-speed Backbone Network Service", "572648d1708984140094c15f": "MCI Telecommunications", "572648d1708984140094c160": "100", "572648d1708984140094c161": "a substantial engineering feat for that time. The vBNS", "57264684708984140094c123": "arid plains of Central Asia", "57264684708984140094c124": "30\u201360%", "57264684708984140094c125": "30\u201360%", "57264684708984140094c126": "17th century", "57264684708984140094c127": "17th century. The plague recurred occasionally in Europe until the 19th century", "572647935951b619008f6ec9": "plague disease", "572647935951b619008f6eca": "1338\u201339", "572647935951b619008f6ecb": "China", "572647935951b619008f6ecc": "1331", "572647935951b619008f6ecd": "1331, with a deadly plague arriving soon after. Epidemics that may have included plague killed an estimated 25 million", "57264845f1498d1400e8db0a": "Genoese traders", "57264845f1498d1400e8db0b": "the Mongol army", "57264845f1498d1400e8db0c": "infected corpses", "57264845f1498d1400e8db0d": "port city of Kaffa", "57264845f1498d1400e8db0e": "Black Death", "572648ed5951b619008f6f03": "northwest", "572648ed5951b619008f6f04": "northwestern Russia", "572648ed5951b619008f6f05": "Italy", "572648ed5951b619008f6f06": "Germany and Scandinavia", "572648ed5951b619008f6f07": "1349", "57264991f1498d1400e8db2e": "pandemic", "57264991f1498d1400e8db2f": "autumn 1347", "57264991f1498d1400e8db30": "through the port's trade with Constantinople, and ports on the Black Sea", "57264991f1498d1400e8db31": "north, most of them dying during the journey, but the infection had been spread to the people of Asia", "57264a74708984140094c18b": "atra mors", "57264a74708984140094c18c": "atra mors", "57264a74708984140094c18d": "atra mors", "57264a74708984140094c18e": "1823", "57264a74708984140094c18f": "mid 14th-century epidemic", "57264b3edd62a815002e80aa": "heavens", "57264b3edd62a815002e80ab": "king of France", "57264b3edd62a815002e80ac": "bad air", "57264b3edd62a815002e80ad": "Miasma theory", "57264c42dd62a815002e80c6": "Yersinia pestis", "57264c42dd62a815002e80c7": "Hong Kong", "57264c42dd62a815002e80c8": "Alexandre Yersin", "57264c42dd62a815002e80c9": "pestis", "57264c42dd62a815002e80ca": "starvation", "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e4": "Francis Aidan Gasquet", "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e5": "the Justinian plague", "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e6": "1908", "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e7": "Great Pestilence", "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e8": "Justinian plague", "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7a": "30\u201375%", "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7b": "38\u201341 \u00b0C", "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7c": "80 percent", "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7d": "90 to 95 percent", "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7e": "purple", "57264e2f708984140094c1e1": "October 2010", "57264e2f708984140094c1e2": "Yersinia pestis", "57264e2f708984140094c1e3": "with Polymerase Chain Reaction", "57264e2f708984140094c1e4": "northern, central and southern Europe", "57264e2f708984140094c1e5": "Yersinia pestis", "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbae": "genetic branches", "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbaf": "Y. p. orientalis", "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbb0": "may have entered Europe in two waves", "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbb1": "two waves. Surveys of plague pit remains in France and England indicate the first variant entered Europe through the port of Marseille around November 1347", "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbb2": "spring of 1349", "57264fe65951b619008f6fa1": "amended", "57264fe65951b619008f6fa2": "East Smithfield", "57264fe65951b619008f6fa3": "may no longer exist", "57264fe65951b619008f6fa4": "October 2011", "5726509bdd62a815002e815a": "the work of British bacteriologist J. F. D. Shrewsbury", "5726509bdd62a815002e815b": "bubonic plague", "5726509bdd62a815002e815c": "plague theory", "5726509bdd62a815002e815d": "the bubonic plague theory", "5726509bdd62a815002e815e": "Samuel K. Cohn, Jr. (2002), David Herli", "5726516a708984140094c223": "epidemiological", "5726516a708984140094c224": "lack of reliable statistics", "5726516a708984140094c225": "100%", "5726516a708984140094c226": "the clergy", "5726516a708984140094c227": "1377", "57265285708984140094c25b": "the DNA results may be flawed and might not have been repeated elsewhere", "57265285708984140094c25c": "marginal significance", "57265285708984140094c25d": "the DNA results may be flawed and might not have been repeated elsewhere", "57265285708984140094c25e": "15 years", "57265285708984140094c25f": "15", "5726534d708984140094c26d": "plague", "5726534d708984140094c26e": "anthrax", "5726534d708984140094c26f": "hemorrhagic plague", "5726534d708984140094c270": "smallpox", "5726534d708984140094c271": "25", "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc28": "100,000", "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc29": "100,000", "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc2a": "physicians or government authorities had time to reflect upon its origins, about a third of the European population had already perished", "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc2b": "100,000", "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc2c": "Germany", "572654e2708984140094c2b7": "14th to 17th centuries", "572654e2708984140094c2b8": "the plague was present somewhere in Europe in every year between 1346 and 1671.", "572654e2708984140094c2b9": "almost a million", "5726559edd62a815002e81c8": "high as 7 million to as low as 4 million", "5726559edd62a815002e81c9": "1350", "5726559edd62a815002e81ca": "10\u201315%", "5726559edd62a815002e81cb": "1665", "57265642f1498d1400e8dc68": "40,000", "57265642f1498d1400e8dc69": "Russia", "57265642f1498d1400e8dc6a": "22 times", "57265642f1498d1400e8dc6b": "plague", "57265642f1498d1400e8dc6c": "1654", "57265700dd62a815002e820e": "1.7 million", "57265700dd62a815002e820f": "half of Naples' 300,000 inhabitants", "57265700dd62a815002e8210": "half", "57265700dd62a815002e8211": "Sweden v. Russia and allies", "57265700dd62a815002e8212": "1720", "5726577f708984140094c301": "1500 and 1850", "5726577f708984140094c302": "30 to 50 thousand", "5726577f708984140094c303": "second quarter of the 19th century", "5726577f708984140094c304": "two-thirds", "572657d9dd62a815002e8230": "melt", "572657d9dd62a815002e8231": "metamorphic rock", "572657d9dd62a815002e8232": "igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic", "572657d9dd62a815002e8233": "igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic", "572657d9dd62a815002e8234": "heat and pressure", "57265d08708984140094c397": "seafloor spreading", "57265d08708984140094c398": "crust and rigid uppermost portion of the upper mantle", "57265d08708984140094c399": "the asthenosphere", "57265d08708984140094c39a": "moving on the surface of the Earth and the convecting mantle", "57265d08708984140094c39b": "1960s", "57265f605951b619008f70db": "Mid-ocean ridges, high regions on the seafloor", "57265f605951b619008f70dc": "convergent boundaries", "57265f605951b619008f70dd": "Transform boundaries, such as the San Andreas fault system", "57265f605951b619008f70de": "Alfred Wegener", "57265f605951b619008f70df": "structural geology. The power of the theory of plate tectonics lies in its ability to combine all of these observations into a single theory", "57266193dd62a815002e832a": "seismic waves", "57266193dd62a815002e832b": "dynamic model", "57266193dd62a815002e832c": "seismic discontinuities at 410 and 660 kilometers", "57266193dd62a815002e832d": "410 and 660 kilometers", "57266193dd62a815002e832e": "doctor images a body", "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf2": "expanding the fourth scale. The Pleistocene (P) epoch", "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf4": "Quaternary", "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf5": "Holocene", "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf6": "fourth", "572665ff708984140094c4c3": "cross-cutting relationships", "572665ff708984140094c4c4": "older", "572665ff708984140094c4c5": "key bed", "572665ff708984140094c4c6": "the formations that were cut are older", "572667e2f1498d1400e8de90": "xenoliths", "572667e2f1498d1400e8de91": "magma or lava flows", "572667e2f1498d1400e8de92": "clasts", "572667e2f1498d1400e8de93": "clasts", "572667e2f1498d1400e8de94": "gravel", "572669a9dd62a815002e8416": "faunal succession", "572669a9dd62a815002e8417": "William Smith", "572669a9dd62a815002e8418": "change", "572669a9dd62a815002e8419": "organisms", "572669a9dd62a815002e841a": "Charles Darwin", "57266c015951b619008f7237": "beginning of the 20th century", "57266c015951b619008f7238": "stratigraphic", "57266c015951b619008f7239": "absolute", "57266c015951b619008f723a": "one another. With isotopic dates it became possible to assign absolute ages to rock units", "57266c015951b619008f723b": "fossil sequences", "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8c": "pluton", "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8d": "closure temperature", "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8e": "isotope", "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8f": "within a stratigraphic sequence", "5726701add62a815002e84c8": "horizontal compression", "5726701add62a815002e84c9": "shallow crust", "5726701add62a815002e84ca": "plastically, and fold instead of fault", "5726701add62a815002e84cb": "faulting", "5726701add62a815002e84cc": "buckles downwards, creating \"synforms\". If the tops of the rock units", "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe4": "Extension", "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe5": "boudins", "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe6": "Maria Fold and Thrust Belt", "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe7": "metamorphosed", "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe8": "the rock units", "572673f5708984140094c69b": "lavas accumulate on the surface, and igneous intrusions enter from below. Dikes", "572673f5708984140094c69c": "Canadian shield, or rings", "572673f5708984140094c69d": "topographic", "572673f5708984140094c69e": "Continual motion along the fault", "572673f5708984140094c69f": "Deformational events", "57267640f1498d1400e8e074": "basaltic lava flows", "57267640f1498d1400e8e075": "Acasta", "57267640f1498d1400e8e076": "sedimentary rocks", "57267640f1498d1400e8e077": "Cambrian time", "57267640f1498d1400e8e078": "Canada", "572677e7708984140094c723": "study of rocks", "572677e7708984140094c724": "sedimentary layers", "572677e7708984140094c725": "the study of positions of rock units and their deformation", "572677e7708984140094c726": "soils, rivers, landscapes, and glaciers", "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ec": "rock samples in the laboratory. Two of the primary methods for identifying rocks", "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ed": "interference", "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ee": "geochemical evolution", "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ef": "the laboratory", "57267947f1498d1400e8e0f0": "electron microprobe", "57267b3c5951b619008f7423": "temperatures and pressures at which different mineral phases appear, and how they change through igneous and metamorphic processes", "57267b3c5951b619008f7424": "pressures", "57267b3c5951b619008f7425": "metamorphic processes", "57267d52708984140094c7d9": "microscopic analysis of oriented thin sections of geologic samples to observe the fabric", "57267d52708984140094c7da": "microscopic analysis of oriented thin sections of geologic samples to observe the fabric within the rocks which gives information about strain", "57267d52708984140094c7db": "reconstruct the history of rock deformation", "57267d52708984140094c7dc": "analog and numerical", "57267ebfdd62a815002e872c": "orogenic wedges", "57267ebfdd62a815002e872d": "orogenic wedges", "57267ebfdd62a815002e872e": "sand", "57267ebfdd62a815002e872f": "all angles remain the same) orogenic wedge", "57267ebfdd62a815002e8730": "Numerical models work in the same way as these analog models, though they are often more sophisticated and can include patterns of erosion", "57268066708984140094c821": "stratigraphers analyze samples of stratigraphic sections that can be returned from the field", "57268066708984140094c822": "geophysical surveys", "57268066708984140094c823": "well logs", "57268066708984140094c824": "computer programs", "57268066708984140094c825": "hydrocarbon", "57268220f1498d1400e8e216": "biostratigraphers", "57268220f1498d1400e8e217": "Geochronologists", "57268220f1498d1400e8e218": "to provide better absolute bounds on the timing and rates of deposition", "57268220f1498d1400e8e219": "Magnetic stratigraphers", "572683f95951b619008f7525": "Persia", "572683f95951b619008f7526": "Abu al-Rayhan al-Biruni", "572683f95951b619008f7527": "Shen Kuo", "572683f95951b619008f7528": "stratum", "572683f95951b619008f7529": "earthquakes", "57268527708984140094c8bf": "James Hutton", "57268527708984140094c8c0": "Theory of the Earth", "57268527708984140094c8c1": "1795", "57268527708984140094c8c2": "Theory of the Earth", "572686ac5951b619008f75a9": "William Maclure", "572686ac5951b619008f75aa": "1809", "572686ac5951b619008f75ab": "1807", "572686ac5951b619008f75ac": "the American Philosophical Society", "572686ac5951b619008f75ad": "Observations on the Geology of the United States explanatory of a Geological Map", "57268882f1498d1400e8e306": "Principles of Geology", "57268882f1498d1400e8e307": "uniformitarianism", "57268882f1498d1400e8e308": "catastrophism", "57268882f1498d1400e8e309": "catastrophism", "57268882f1498d1400e8e30a": "Charles Darwin", "5726d8bd708984140094d35b": "pharma", "5726d8bd708984140094d35c": "tobacco and patent medicines", "5726d8bd708984140094d35d": "sorcery or even poison", "5726d8bd708984140094d35e": "1", "5726d8bd708984140094d35f": "surgery and midwifery", "5726d9935951b619008f7fed": "healthcare", "5726d9935951b619008f7fee": "optimal health outcomes for their patients through the quality use of medicines", "5726d9935951b619008f7fef": "optimisation", "5726d9935951b619008f7ff0": "optimisation of a drug treatment", "5726d9935951b619008f7ff1": "specialised education and training who perform various roles to ensure optimal health outcomes for their patients through the quality use of medicines", "5726da89dd62a815002e92b2": "senior pharmacy technicians", "5726da89dd62a815002e92b3": "General Pharmaceutical Council", "5726da89dd62a815002e92b4": "Pharmaceutical Council", "5726da89dd62a815002e92b5": "health care professional", "5726da89dd62a815002e92b6": "pharmacist", "5726db5add62a815002e92d4": "Carystus", "5726db5add62a815002e92d5": "Greek physician", "5726db5add62a815002e92d6": "De Materia Medica", "5726db5add62a815002e92d7": "medica", "5726db5add62a815002e92d8": "middle eastern scientists", "5726dcbddd62a815002e9320": "highly respected", "5726dcbddd62a815002e9321": "Taih\u014d Code", "5726dcbddd62a815002e9322": "the Meiji Restoration", "5726dcbddd62a815002e9323": "stable hierarchy", "5726dcbddd62a815002e9324": "two", "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee04": "botany and chemistry led medicine", "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee05": "Muhammad ibn Zakar\u012bya R\u0101zi", "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee06": "Avicenna", "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee07": "sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate, and drew attention to the poisonous nature of copper compounds", "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee08": "Peter of Abano (1250\u20131316) translated and added a supplement to the work of al-Maridini under the title De Vener", "5726deed5951b619008f80c5": "15th century", "5726deed5951b619008f80c6": "Florence, Italy", "5726deed5951b619008f80c7": "Ll\u00edvia", "5726deed5951b619008f80c8": "perfume", "5726deed5951b619008f80c9": "1221", "5726e08e5951b619008f810f": "pharmacy legislation", "5726e08e5951b619008f8110": "automation", "5726e08e5951b619008f8111": "automation", "5726e08e5951b619008f8112": "patients' prescriptions and patient safety issues", "5726e08e5951b619008f8113": "the dispensary", "5726e179dd62a815002e93ae": "hospitals gain more education and training after pharmacy school through a pharmacy practice residency", "5726e179dd62a815002e93af": "hematology", "5726e179dd62a815002e93b0": "patient compliance issues", "5726e179dd62a815002e93b1": "clinical pharmacists", "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb2": "within the premises of the hospital", "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb3": "unit-dose", "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb4": "hospital pharmacies", "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb5": "drug-related technology, combined with the potential impact of medications", "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb6": "more specialized medications", "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9404": "direct patient care services", "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9405": "hospitals and clinics", "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9406": "physicians and other healthcare professionals", "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9407": "patient care rounds drug product selection", "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9408": "all health care settings", "5726e5c95951b619008f81cb": "drug therapy plan for patient-specific problems, identifying goals of therapy", "5726e5c95951b619008f81cc": "an evaluation of the appropriateness of the drug therapy", "5726e5c95951b619008f81cd": "drug choice, dose, route, frequency, and duration of therapy) and its efficacy", "5726e5c95951b619008f81ce": "potential drug interactions", "5726e985dd62a815002e94da": "independent prescribing authority", "5726e985dd62a815002e94db": "North Carolina and New Mexico", "5726e985dd62a815002e94dc": "2011", "5726e985dd62a815002e94dd": "Certified Ambulatory Care Pharmacist and these pharmacists", "5726e985dd62a815002e94de": "the VA, the Indian Health Service", "5726ea985951b619008f8261": "pharmacists most typically work in nursing homes", "5726ea985951b619008f8262": "nursing homes", "5726ea985951b619008f8263": "Omnicare, Kindred Healthcare and PharMerica", "5726ea985951b619008f8264": "elderly people are now taking numerous medications", "5726ea985951b619008f8265": "consulting services", "5726eb4b5951b619008f826b": "2000", "5726eb4b5951b619008f826c": "brick-and-mortar community pharmacies", "5726eb4b5951b619008f826d": "physicians", "5726eb4b5951b619008f826e": "overhear about the drugs", "5726eb4b5951b619008f826f": "method by which the medications are requested and received", "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00c": "to avoid the \"inconvenience", "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00d": "most Internet pharmacies sell prescription drugs and require a valid prescription, some Internet pharmacies", "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00e": "dangerous", "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00f": "prescription drugs", "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f010": "sell prescription drugs", "5726edecdd62a815002e957f": "medical purpose", "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f05e": "the ease with which people, youth in particular, can obtain controlled substances", "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f05f": "valid, it must be issued for a legitimate medical purpose", "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f060": "ensure that the prescription is valid. Often, individual state laws", "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f061": "prescription is valid. Often, individual state laws", "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f062": "Vicodin", "5726f0e35951b619008f82f7": "to reduce consumer costs", "5726f0e35951b619008f82f8": "Canada", "5726f0e35951b619008f82f9": "Food and Drug Administration", "5726f0e35951b619008f82fa": "authorities", "5726f0e35951b619008f82fb": "legalize importation of medications", "5726f2375951b619008f830f": "practice science and applied information science", "5726f2375951b619008f8310": "information technology departments or for healthcare information technology vendor companies", "5726f2375951b619008f8311": "major national and international patient information projects and health system interoperability goals", "5726f2375951b619008f8312": "practice", "5726f2375951b619008f8313": "to meet the needs of major national and international patient information projects and health system interoperability goals", "5726f36cdd62a815002e95fe": "19 of 28 newly FDA", "5726f36cdd62a815002e95ff": "19 of 28", "5726f36cdd62a815002e9600": "chronic and complex disease states such as cancer, hepatitis, and rheumatoid arthritis", "5726f36cdd62a815002e9601": "high cost injectable, oral, infused, or inhaled medications", "5726f36cdd62a815002e9602": "lab monitoring, adherence counseling", "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0da": "separately", "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0db": "pharmacists", "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0dc": "American Medical Association (AMA) Code of Ethics", "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0dd": "10 percent", "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0de": "business partnerships with physicians or give them \"kickback\" payments", "5726f635dd62a815002e9656": "rural areas in the United Kingdom", "5726f635dd62a815002e9657": "prescription", "5726f635dd62a815002e9658": "1.6 kilometres", "5726f635dd62a815002e9659": "1.6 kilometres", "5726f7715951b619008f838d": "high risk of a conflict of interest and/or the avoidance of absolute powers", "5726f7715951b619008f838e": "financial self-interest", "5726f7715951b619008f838f": "obtaining cost-effective medication", "5726f7715951b619008f8390": "cost-effective medication", "5726f7715951b619008f8391": "obtaining cost-effective medication", "5726f868dd62a815002e9684": "more integral within the health care system", "5726f868dd62a815002e9685": "more integral within the health care system", "5726f868dd62a815002e9686": "clinical services", "5726f868dd62a815002e9687": "Medication Therapy Management", "5726f868dd62a815002e9688": "increased patient health outcomes", "5726f96ddd62a815002e9698": "Alberta and British Columbia", "5726f96ddd62a815002e9699": "Scotland", "5726f96ddd62a815002e969a": "medicine", "5726f96ddd62a815002e969b": "pharmaceutical care or clinical pharmacy has had an evolving influence on the practice of pharmacy. Moreover, the Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm", "5726f96ddd62a815002e969c": "D.) degree", "5726fa525951b619008f83f7": "mortar and pestle", "5726fa525951b619008f83f8": "show globe", "5726fa525951b619008f83f9": "Netherlands", "5726fa525951b619008f83fa": "Germany", "5726fa525951b619008f83fb": "France", "57271c235951b619008f860b": "Civil disobedience", "57271c235951b619008f860c": "fight against apartheid", "57271c235951b619008f860d": "American Civil Rights Movement, in the Singing Revolution", "57271c235951b619008f860e": "Georgia", "57271c235951b619008f860f": "Georgia", "5728d4c03acd2414000dff9f": "Egyptians", "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa0": "Egyptians", "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa1": "rebelled against what they deem to be unfair laws", "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa2": "what they deem to be unfair laws", "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa3": "American Civil Rights Movement, in the Singing Revolution", "57271f125951b619008f8635": "Antigone", "57271f125951b619008f8636": "Sophocles", "57271f125951b619008f8637": "Antigone", "57271f125951b619008f8638": "Antigone", "57271f125951b619008f8639": "giving her brother Polynices a proper burial", "5728d5793acd2414000dffb3": "Antigone", "5728d5793acd2414000dffb4": "Sophocles", "5728d5793acd2414000dffb5": "Sophocles", "5728d5793acd2414000dffb6": "one of the daughters of former King of Thebes", "5728d5793acd2414000dffb7": "one of the daughters", "5727213c708984140094da35": "Percy Shelley", "5727213c708984140094da36": "nonviolent", "5727213c708984140094da37": "Henry David Thoreau", "5727213c708984140094da38": "Satyagraha", "5727213c708984140094da39": "Anarchy", "5728d63c4b864d1900164f18": "Percy Shelley", "5728d63c4b864d1900164f19": "nonviolent", "5728d63c4b864d1900164f1a": "nonviolent protest", "5728d63c4b864d1900164f1b": "Henry David Thoreau", "5728d63c4b864d1900164f1c": "Anarchy", "572726c9708984140094da7b": "muggers, arsonists, draft evaders, campaign hecklers, campus militants, anti-war demonstrators, juvenile delinquents and political assassins", "572726c9708984140094da7c": "ambiguity", "572726c9708984140094da7d": "ambiguity", "572726c9708984140094da7e": "Marshall Cohen", "5728d6f02ca10214002da90e": "ambiguity", "5728d6f02ca10214002da90f": "Marshall Cohen", "5728d6f02ca10214002da910": "utterly debased", "5728d6f02ca10214002da911": "Marshall Cohen", "5728d6f02ca10214002da912": "ambiguity", "572807802ca10214002d9bf8": "LeGrande", "572807802ca10214002d9bf9": "the formulation of a single all-encompassing definition of the term is extremely difficult, if not impossible", "572807802ca10214002d9bfa": "lawful protest demonstration, nonviolent civil disobedience, and violent civil disobedience", "572807802ca10214002d9bfb": "violent", "572807802ca10214002d9bfc": "individual orator", "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4c": "LeGrande", "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4d": "violent", "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4e": "violent", "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4f": "nonviolent", "5728d7c54b864d1900164f50": "nonviolent", "57280f974b864d1900164370": "civil disobedience", "57280f974b864d1900164371": "two public agencies, especially two equally sovereign branches of government, conflict", "57280f974b864d1900164372": "pertaining to a citizen's relation to the state and its laws", "57280f974b864d1900164373": "since the head of government would be acting in her or his capacity as public official rather than private citizen", "57280f974b864d1900164374": "Civil disobedience", "5728d9403acd2414000e001b": "a citizen's relation to the state and its laws", "5728d9403acd2414000e001c": "pertaining to a citizen's relation to the state and its laws", "5728d9403acd2414000e001d": "head of government of a country", "5728d9403acd2414000e001e": "citizen's relation to the state", "5728d9403acd2414000e001f": "head of government of a country", "572812e74b864d19001643ce": "Thoreau", "572812e74b864d19001643cf": "Resign", "572812e74b864d19001643d0": "politicians", "572812e74b864d19001643d1": "Resign", "572812e74b864d19001643d2": "elite politicians", "5728dafe3acd2414000e005d": "The individual", "5728dafe3acd2414000e005e": "individuals act", "5728dafe3acd2414000e005f": "Thoreau\u2019s imprisonment, when a confused taxman", "5728dafe3acd2414000e0060": "Resign", "5728dafe3acd2414000e0061": "abused", "5728151b4b864d1900164428": "governmental entities", "5728151b4b864d1900164429": "private universities", "5728151b4b864d190016442a": "governmental entities", "5728151b4b864d190016442b": "breaches of law in protest against international organizations and foreign governments", "5728dc2d3acd2414000e007f": "justified against governmental entities", "5728dc2d3acd2414000e0080": "Brownlee", "5728dc2d3acd2414000e0081": "breaches of law", "5728dc2d3acd2414000e0083": "governmental", "572818f54b864d190016446c": "publicly, at least must be publicly announced in order to constitute civil disobedience", "572818f54b864d190016446d": "covert lawbreaking", "572818f54b864d190016446e": "public civil disobedience", "572818f54b864d190016446f": "lawbreaking", "572818f54b864d1900164470": "Jurors\" notes, \"Think of the dilemma faced by German citizens when Hitler", "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d2": "order to constitute civil disobedience. But Stephen Eilmann argues that if it is necessary to disobey rules that conflict with morality", "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d3": "rules that conflict with morality", "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d4": "assisting in fabricating evidence or committing perjury", "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d5": "covert lawbreaking", "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d6": "Stephen Eilmann", "57281c594b864d19001644a2": "non-violent", "57281c594b864d19001644a3": "Black's Law Dictionary", "57281c594b864d19001644a4": "rebellion", "57281c594b864d19001644a5": "arrest. Civil disobedients' refraining from violence is also said to help preserve society's tolerance", "57281c594b864d19001644a6": "non-violent", "5728df634b864d1900164fe2": "non-violent", "5728df634b864d1900164fe3": "arrest", "5728df634b864d1900164fe4": "constitutional defects", "5728df634b864d1900164fe6": "appeal to constitutional defects, rebellion is much more destructive", "5728202c4b864d19001644ec": "Revolutionary civil disobedience", "5728202c4b864d19001644ed": "Hungarians", "5728202c4b864d19001644ee": "Austrian government. Thoreau also wrote of civil disobedience accomplishing \"peaceable revolution", "5728202c4b864d19001644ef": "Gandhi", "5728202c4b864d19001644f0": "Non-revolutionary civil disobedience is a simple disobedience of laws", "5728e07e3acd2414000e00e9": "Non-revolutionary civil disobedience is a simple disobedience of laws", "5728e07e3acd2414000e00ea": "to cause their repeal", "5728e07e3acd2414000e00eb": "Non-revolutionary civil disobedience is a simple disobedience of laws", "5728e07e3acd2414000e00ec": "Non-revolutionary civil disobedience is a simple disobedience of laws", "5728e07e3acd2414000e00ed": "Gandhi", "572822233acd2414000df555": "during the Roman Empire", "572822233acd2414000df556": "Unarmed Jews gathered in the streets to prevent the installation of pagan images", "572822233acd2414000df557": "tax collector who arrested him rose to higher political office, and Thoreau's essay was not published until after the end of the Mexican War", "572822233acd2414000df558": "political office", "572822233acd2414000df559": "months", "5728e3c33acd2414000e0131": "during the Roman Empire", "5728e3c33acd2414000e0132": "jail solidarity", "5728e3c33acd2414000e0133": "jail solidarity", "5728e3c33acd2414000e0134": "sign bail", "5728e3c33acd2414000e0135": "months", "572825a92ca10214002d9efe": "illegal acts", "572825a92ca10214002d9eff": "cannabis", "572825a92ca10214002d9f00": "cannabis", "572825a92ca10214002d9f01": "55 m)-tall, 600-year-old California Redwood tree for 738", "572825a92ca10214002d9f02": "cannabis", "5728e5224b864d1900165032": "a harassment", "5728e5224b864d1900165033": "trespassing at a nuclear-missile installation", "5728e5224b864d1900165034": "a harassment", "5728e5224b864d1900165035": "a harassment", "5728e5224b864d1900165036": "Julia Butterfly Hill lived in Luna", "5728284e3acd2414000df5cd": "allegedly sending an email to the Lebanon, New Hampshire city councilors", "5728284e3acd2414000df5ce": "\"Wise up or die", "5728284e3acd2414000df5cf": "forbidden speech", "5728284e3acd2414000df5d0": "FCC v. Pacifica Foundation", "5728284e3acd2414000df5d1": "1978", "5728e5f43acd2414000e0171": "pure speech", "5728e5f43acd2414000e0172": "civil disobedience", "5728e5f43acd2414000e0173": "defiance", "5728e5f43acd2414000e0174": "engaging in the forbidden speech", "57282dfb4b864d1900164668": "distributed denial-of-service attacks", "57282dfb4b864d1900164669": "padlocking the gates", "57282dfb4b864d190016466a": "GCSB", "57282dfb4b864d190016466b": "coercive", "57282dfb4b864d190016466c": "In this way, they might be considered coercive", "5728e715ff5b5019007da914": "illegal boycotts", "5728e715ff5b5019007da916": "illegal boycotts, refusals to pay taxes, draft dodging, distributed denial-of-service attacks, and sit-ins", "5728e715ff5b5019007da917": "moral dialogue", "5728e715ff5b5019007da918": "make it more difficult for a system to function. In this way, they might be considered coercive", "5728e8212ca10214002daa6c": "criminal investigations and arrests", "5728e8212ca10214002daa6d": "decide whether or not to grant a consent search of his property", "5728e8212ca10214002daa6e": "grant a consent search of his property", "5728e8212ca10214002daa6f": "legal ramification", "5728e8212ca10214002daa70": "a lack of understanding of the legal ramification", "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c5": "it is incumbent upon them to accept punishment", "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c6": "belief in the validity of the social contract", "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c7": "belief in the validity of the social contract", "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c8": "anarchists, don't believe in the legitimacy of any government, and therefore see no need to accept punishment for a violation of criminal law", "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c9": "criminal law that does not infringe the rights", "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01d9": "whether or not to plead guilty", "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01da": "to submit to the punishment prescribed by law", "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01db": "Yes, I committed the act", "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01dc": "civil disobedients", "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01dd": "two. One defendant accused of illegally protesting nuclear power, when asked to enter his plea, stated, \"I plead for the beauty", "5728ec6a4b864d19001650aa": "Camp Mercury nuclear test site", "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ab": "Mercury nuclear test site", "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ac": "13", "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ad": "advising them to plead \"nolo contendere\", as an alternative to pleading either guilty", "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ae": "conditional on their not reentering", "5728ed94ff5b5019007da97c": "evading it", "5728ed94ff5b5019007da97d": "protesters choose to go to jail, as a way of continuing their protest, as a way of reminding their countrymen of injustice", "5728ed94ff5b5019007da97e": "jail", "5728ed94ff5b5019007da97f": "as part of a rule connected with civil disobedience", "5728eef92ca10214002daab0": "plea bargain", "5728eef92ca10214002daab1": "civil disobedients", "5728eef92ca10214002daab2": "solidarity", "5728eef92ca10214002daab3": "Camden 28", "5728eef92ca10214002daab4": "Mohandas Gandhi", "5728f50baf94a219006a9e55": "defiant speech", "5728f50baf94a219006a9e56": "civil disobedience defendants choose to make a defiant speech, or a speech explaining their actions, in allocution", "5728f50baf94a219006a9e57": "explaining their actions, in allocution", "5728f50baf94a219006a9e58": "because, according to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the First Circuit", "5728f50baf94a219006a9e59": "defiant speech", "5728facd4b864d1900165170": "to win an acquittal", "5728facd4b864d1900165171": "they must decide whether their primary goal will be to win an acquittal", "5728facd4b864d1900165172": "breaking the law", "5728facd4b864d1900165173": "United States, which held that the judge need not inform jurors of their nullification prerogative, and United States v. Dougherty", "5728facd4b864d1900165174": "breaking the law", "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef5": "social benefit", "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef6": "neither conscientious nor of social benefit", "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef7": "social benefit", "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef8": "covertly and avoiding attribution", "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef9": "covertly and avoiding attribution", "5728fc9e1d04691400778f11": "Indirect civil disobedience", "5728fc9e1d04691400778f12": "breaking that law", "5728fc9e1d04691400778f13": "Vietnam War", "5728fc9e1d04691400778f14": "necessity defense has sometimes been used as a shadow defense", "5728fc9e1d04691400778f15": "Carter", "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2b": "deterrence", "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2d": "criminal punishment", "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2e": "Leonard Hubert Hoffmann", "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2f": "whether it would do more harm than good", "57273a465951b619008f86ff": "Construction", "57273a465951b619008f8700": "Construction differs from manufacturing in that manufacturing", "57273a465951b619008f8701": "six to nine percent", "57273a465951b619008f8702": "location for a known client", "57273a465951b619008f8703": "a known client", "57273cca708984140094db33": "An architect", "57273cca708984140094db34": "An architect", "57273cca708984140094db35": "effective planning", "57273cca708984140094db36": "megaprojects", "57273cca708984140094db37": "design and execution of the infrastructure", "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f4fe": "buildings, infrastructure and industrial", "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f4ff": "residential and non-residential (commercial/institutional)", "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f500": "heavy/highway, heavy civil or heavy engineering", "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f501": "heavy/highway", "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f502": "Industrial", "57273e50dd62a815002e9a02": "ENR) is a trade magazine for the construction industry", "57273e50dd62a815002e9a03": "Engineering News-Record", "57273e50dd62a815002e9a04": "2014", "57273e50dd62a815002e9a05": "water", "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0a": "building construction, heavy and civil engineering construction, and specialty trade contractors", "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0b": "construction service firms (e.g., engineering, architecture) and construction managers", "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0c": "Standard Industrial Classification", "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0d": "managing construction projects without assuming direct financial responsibility for completion of the construction project", "57274046dd62a815002e9a12": "Building construction", "57274046dd62a815002e9a13": "small renovations", "57274046dd62a815002e9a14": "owner of the property", "57274046dd62a815002e9a15": "structural collapse, cost overruns, and/or litigation", "57274046dd62a815002e9a16": "detailed plans and maintain careful oversight during the project", "572742bd5951b619008f8785": "local building authority regulations and codes of practice", "572742bd5951b619008f8786": "Materials readily available in the area generally dictate the construction materials used (e.g. brick versus stone, versus timber", "572742bd5951b619008f8787": "waste", "572742bd5951b619008f8788": "custom designed homes are often more expensive to build", "572744aff1498d1400e8f588": "3D printing technology", "572744aff1498d1400e8f589": "around 20 hours", "572744aff1498d1400e8f58a": "2014", "572744aff1498d1400e8f58b": "2 metres", "572745c6708984140094db99": "designs into reality", "572745c6708984140094db9a": "plan the physical proceedings", "572745c6708984140094db9b": "property owner", "572745c6708984140094db9c": "surveyor", "572745c6708984140094db9d": "surveyor", "57274e0d708984140094dbe5": "previously separated specialties", "57274e0d708984140094dbe6": "separate companies", "57274e0d708984140094dbe7": "one-stop shopping", "57274e0d708984140094dbe8": "end", "57274e975951b619008f87f9": "design-build, partnering and construction management", "57274e975951b619008f87fa": "architects, interior designers, engineers and constructors", "57274e975951b619008f87fb": "establishing relationships with other necessary participants through the design-build process", "57274f67708984140094dbf5": "preventable financial problems", "57274f67708984140094dbf6": "when builders ask for too little money to complete the project", "57274f67708984140094dbf7": "when the present amount of funding cannot cover the current costs for labour and materials, and because they are a matter of having sufficient funds at a specific time", "57274f67708984140094dbf8": "Fraud", "5727502f708984140094dc07": "Mortgage bankers, accountants, and cost engineers", "5727502f708984140094dc08": "mortgage banker", "5727502f708984140094dc09": "Accountants act", "5727502f708984140094dc0a": "Cost engineers and estimators", "5727502f708984140094dc0b": "change orders or project changes that increased costs", "572750e8dd62a815002e9af0": "zoning and building code requirements", "572750e8dd62a815002e9af1": "the owner", "572750e8dd62a815002e9af2": "prohibitum considerations, or things that are a matter of custom or expectation", "572750e8dd62a815002e9af3": "custom or expectation", "572750e8dd62a815002e9af4": "An attorney", "572751b4708984140094dc1b": "A construction project", "572751b4708984140094dc1c": "A contract", "572751b4708984140094dc1d": "that a delay costs money", "572751b4708984140094dc1e": "that each side is capable of performing the obligations set out", "572751b4708984140094dc1f": "poorly drafted contracts", "5727526cdd62a815002e9b0e": "relationship contracting", "5727526cdd62a815002e9b0f": "Public-Private Partnering", "5727526cdd62a815002e9b10": "Public-Private Partnering", "5727526cdd62a815002e9b11": "co-operation", "572753335951b619008f8853": "the architect or engineer", "572753335951b619008f8854": "His or her", "572753335951b619008f8855": "architect's client and the main contractor", "572753335951b619008f8856": "main contractor", "572753335951b619008f8857": "the building is ready to occupy", "57275411dd62a815002e9b30": "The owner", "57275411dd62a815002e9b31": "Several D&B contractors", "57275411dd62a815002e9b32": "The owner", "57275411dd62a815002e9b33": "a consortium of several contractors", "57275411dd62a815002e9b34": "design phase 2", "572754fff1498d1400e8f660": "contractors", "572754fff1498d1400e8f661": "damage to the existing electrical, water, sewage, phone, and cable facilities", "572754fff1498d1400e8f662": "electrical, water, sewage, phone, and cable facilities", "572754fff1498d1400e8f663": "the municipal building inspector", "572754fff1498d1400e8f664": "an occupancy", "572755b7708984140094dc4d": "$960 billion", "572755b7708984140094dc4e": "$680 billion", "572755b7708984140094dc4f": "667,000", "572755b7708984140094dc50": "fewer than 10", "572755b7708984140094dc51": "828,000", "5727565ef1498d1400e8f674": "higher", "5727565ef1498d1400e8f675": "higher", "5727565ef1498d1400e8f676": "Canada", "572756fe708984140094dc71": "Construction", "572756fe708984140094dc72": "Falls", "572756fe708984140094dc73": "Falls", "572756fe708984140094dc74": "Proper safety equipment such as harnesses and guardrails and procedures such as securing ladders and inspecting scaffolding", "572746addd62a815002e9a5e": "independent", "572746addd62a815002e9a5f": "academic scholarship", "572746addd62a815002e9a60": "mandatory taxation", "572746addd62a815002e9a61": "to select their students and are funded in whole or in part by charging their students tuition, rather than relying on mandatory taxation", "57274712708984140094dbad": "$45,000", "57274712708984140094dbae": "'tuition-free", "57274712708984140094dbaf": "Australia", "57274712708984140094dbb0": "North America", "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59a": "lower sixth", "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59b": "upper sixth", "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59c": "prep schools", "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59d": "peer tuitions and the school's financial endowment", "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59e": "best teachers", "5727482bf1498d1400e8f5a4": "Roman Catholic schools", "5727482bf1498d1400e8f5a5": "Orthodox", "5727482bf1498d1400e8f5a6": "academic subjects to impress their particular faith's beliefs and traditions", "5727490bdd62a815002e9a82": "expulsion", "5727490bdd62a815002e9a83": "Student uniforms for Australian private schools are generally stricter", "5727490bdd62a815002e9a84": "more expensive", "57274971708984140094dbbb": "the Anglican Church, Uniting Church and Presbyterian Church", "57274971708984140094dbbc": "Ursula's College and Loreto Normanhurst for girls", "57274971708984140094dbbd": "Sydney", "57274971708984140094dbbe": "Ursula's College and Loreto Normanhurst for girls", "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9a": "Article 7, Paragraph 4", "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9b": "second Gleichschaltung", "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9c": "6.1% to 7.8%", "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9d": "6.1% to 7.8% (including rise from 0.5% to 6.1%", "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9e": "6.1% to 7.8%", "57274a8ff1498d1400e8f5bc": "segregation", "57274a8ff1498d1400e8f5bd": "Sonderungs", "57274a8ff1498d1400e8f5be": "100%", "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d4": "Erg\u00e4nzungsschulen", "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d5": "vocational schools", "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d6": "charging their students tuition fees", "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d7": "religious groups", "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e4": "independent schools", "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e5": "certificates", "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e6": "30", "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e7": "union", "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa4": "societies", "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa5": "a country", "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa6": "learning", "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa7": "Annual Status of Education", "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa8": "English", "57274d1cdd62a815002e9aae": "scoil phr\u00edobh\u00e1ideach", "57274d1cdd62a815002e9aaf": "because a certain number of teacher's salaries are paid by the State", "57274d1cdd62a815002e9ab0": "\u20ac5,000", "57274d1cdd62a815002e9ab1": "\u20ac25,000 per year. The fee-paying schools are usually run by a religious order, i.e., the Society", "57274d1cdd62a815002e9ab2": "\u20ac25,000", "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f6": "1957", "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f7": "medium of instruction", "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f8": "English-medium schools", "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f9": "National School system", "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5fa": "60", "57274e145951b619008f87e7": "'aided' schools", "57274e145951b619008f87e8": "fully funded by private parties", "57274e145951b619008f87e9": "Kathmandu", "57274e145951b619008f87ea": "Galaxy Public School", "57274e145951b619008f87eb": "nursery", "57274eca5951b619008f87ff": "88", "57274eca5951b619008f8800": "88", "57274eca5951b619008f8801": "3.7%", "57274eca5951b619008f8802": "Catholic", "57274eca5951b619008f8803": "Auckland", "57274f49f1498d1400e8f61e": "King's College", "57274f49f1498d1400e8f61f": "Wellington", "57274f49f1498d1400e8f620": "Presbyterian", "57274f49f1498d1400e8f621": "Christchurch", "57274f49f1498d1400e8f622": "St Dominic's College) operated by the Catholic schismatic group", "5727500f708984140094dbfd": "7.5%", "5727500f708984140094dbfe": "32%", "5727500f708984140094dbff": "80%", "5727500f708984140094dc00": "August 1992", "5727500f708984140094dc01": "natural science at the option of the school", "572750df5951b619008f882f": "Education Service Contracting scheme", "572750df5951b619008f8830": "Tuition Fee Supplement", "572750df5951b619008f8831": "Financial Assistance", "5727515f708984140094dc11": "The South African Schools Act of 1996", "5727515f708984140094dc12": "1996", "5727515f708984140094dc13": "state-controlled) and \"independent", "5727515f708984140094dc14": "private schools and schools", "5727515f708984140094dc15": "nineteenth", "57275409708984140094dc35": "semi-private", "57275409708984140094dc36": "better", "57275409708984140094dc37": "much higher school fees", "572754dd708984140094dc3b": "10%", "572754dd708984140094dc3c": "30", "572754dd708984140094dc3d": "30", "572754dd708984140094dc3e": "Knowledge School", "572754dd708984140094dc3f": "voucher", "572756265951b619008f886d": "13 years", "572756265951b619008f886e": "public schools", "572756265951b619008f886f": "9 per cent of children being educated in the UK are doing so at fee-paying schools at GSCE level and 13 per cent", "572756265951b619008f8870": "13 per cent", "572756265951b619008f8871": "\u00a321,000", "572757bef1498d1400e8f690": "Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka", "572757bef1498d1400e8f691": "Preparatory. Since the 1970s, many of these \"segregation", "572757bef1498d1400e8f692": "U.S. South", "572757bef1498d1400e8f693": "College Preparatory", "572757bef1498d1400e8f694": "African-American", "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6ae": "student tuition, endowments, scholarship/voucher funds, and donations and grants from religious organizations or private individuals", "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6af": "Establishment Clause of the First Amendment or individual state Blaine Amendments", "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6b0": "Blaine", "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6b1": "charter status", "572759665951b619008f8883": "Massachusetts", "572759665951b619008f8884": "1852", "572759665951b619008f8885": "1972", "572759665951b619008f8886": "268", "572759665951b619008f8887": "v. McCrary", "572759dbdd62a815002e9b94": "$40,000", "572759dbdd62a815002e9b95": "tuition did not cover operating expenses", "572759dbdd62a815002e9b96": "Groton School", "572759dbdd62a815002e9b97": "hundreds of millions of dollars", "5727aa413acd2414000de921": "John Harvard", "5727aa413acd2414000de922": "1977", "5727aa413acd2414000de923": "James Bryant Conant", "5727aa413acd2414000de924": "James Bryant Conant", "5727aa413acd2414000de925": "Charles W. Eliot", "5727aeac3acd2414000de987": "Harvard Library", "5727aeac3acd2414000de988": "79", "5727aeac3acd2414000de989": "18 million", "5727aeac3acd2414000de98a": "eight", "5727aeac3acd2414000de98b": "150", "5727aec03acd2414000de991": "Harvard Yard in Cambridge", "5727aec03acd2414000de992": "$37.6 billion financial endowment", "5727aec03acd2414000de993": "Charles River", "5727aec03acd2414000de994": "eleven", "5727aec03acd2414000de995": "Harvard Yard", "5727afa82ca10214002d93c2": "1636", "5727afa82ca10214002d93c3": "Harvard", "5727afa82ca10214002d93c4": "1638", "5727afa82ca10214002d93c5": "1639", "5727afa82ca10214002d93c6": "1650", "5727b0892ca10214002d93e8": "Puritan", "5727b0892ca10214002d93e9": "English university model", "5727b0892ca10214002d93ea": "never", "5727b8df3acd2414000dea99": "1804", "5727b8df3acd2414000dea9a": "Samuel Webber", "5727b8df3acd2414000dea9b": "1805", "5727c0402ca10214002d9564": "Louis Agassiz", "5727c0402ca10214002d9565": "intuition", "5727c0402ca10214002d9566": "archetype for his evidence. This dual view of knowledge was in concert with the teachings of Common Sense Realism", "5727c3b02ca10214002d95ba": "Charles W. Eliot", "5727c3b02ca10214002d95bb": "Transcendentalist Unitarian convictions", "5727c3b02ca10214002d95bc": "William Ellery Channing and Ralph Waldo Emerson", "5727c55bff5b5019007d94ce": "James Bryant Conant", "5727c55bff5b5019007d94cf": "higher education", "5727c55bff5b5019007d94d0": "1945", "5727c69d3acd2414000dec13": "four", "5727c69d3acd2414000dec14": "1977", "5727c69d3acd2414000dec15": "male", "5727c8863acd2414000dec49": "3 miles (5 km) west-northwest", "5727c8863acd2414000dec4a": "twelve", "5727c8863acd2414000dec4b": "south of Harvard Yard along or near the Charles River", "5727c8863acd2414000dec4c": "half a mile", "5727cc15ff5b5019007d9576": "a 358-acre (145 ha) campus", "5727cc15ff5b5019007d9577": "John W. Weeks Bridge", "5727cc15ff5b5019007d9578": "Longwood", "5727cd0f4b864d1900163d72": "fifty percent", "5727cd0f4b864d1900163d73": "new and enlarged bridges, a shuttle service and/or a tram", "5727cd0f4b864d1900163d74": "transit", "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f0": "2,400", "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f1": "7,200", "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f2": "14,000", "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f3": "1875", "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f4": "1858", "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c4": "$32 billion", "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c5": "30%", "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c6": "Pell Grant reserve", "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c7": "Science", "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c8": "$1.2 billion", "5727d0f73acd2414000ded13": "late 1980s", "5727d0f73acd2414000ded14": "Duke Kent-Brown", "5727d0f73acd2414000ded15": "$230 million", "5727d1c93acd2414000ded3f": "5.3%", "5727d1c93acd2414000ded40": "2007", "5727d1c93acd2414000ded41": "disadvantage low-income", "5727d1c93acd2414000ded42": "2007 as the program was believed to disadvantage low-income and under-represented minority applicants applying to selective universities, yet for the class of 2016", "5727d3843acd2414000ded69": "seven", "5727d3843acd2414000ded6a": "eight", "5727d3843acd2414000ded6b": "Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, The New York Times", "5727d4922ca10214002d977c": "mid-May", "5727d4922ca10214002d977d": "four-course rate average", "5727d4922ca10214002d977e": "degrees summa cum laude", "5727d4922ca10214002d977f": "inflation", "5727d6154b864d1900163e34": "$38,000", "5727d6154b864d1900163e35": "$57,000", "5727d6154b864d1900163e36": "between $120,000 and $180,000", "5727d6154b864d1900163e37": "$414 million", "5727d6154b864d1900163e38": "88% of Harvard's aid for undergraduate students, with aid also provided by loans (8%) and work-study (4%", "5727d6faff5b5019007d969a": "Widener Library", "5727d6faff5b5019007d969b": "18 million", "5727d6faff5b5019007d969c": "Cabot Science Library, Lamont Library, and Widener Library", "5727d6faff5b5019007d969d": "East-Asian language material outside of East Asia", "5727d88b4b864d1900163e5e": "three", "5727d88b4b864d1900163e5f": "Western art", "5727d88b4b864d1900163e60": "the Peabody Museum", "5727d9c43acd2414000dee17": "2003", "5727d9c43acd2414000dee18": "2011", "5727d9c43acd2414000dee19": "14th", "5727da564b864d1900163e8e": "42", "5727da564b864d1900163e8f": "Yale University", "5727da564b864d1900163e90": "every two years", "5727db85ff5b5019007d96fc": "1875", "5727db85ff5b5019007d96fd": "1903", "5727db85ff5b5019007d96fe": "1906", "5727db85ff5b5019007d96ff": "Yale", "5727dc473acd2414000dee43": "MAC", "5727dc473acd2414000dee44": "Malkin Athletic Center", "5727dc473acd2414000dee45": "three", "5727dd2e4b864d1900163eba": "23", "5727dd2e4b864d1900163ebb": "Thames River", "5727dd2e4b864d1900163ebc": "Cornell", "5727dd2e4b864d1900163ebd": "2003", "5727de862ca10214002d9860": "General Ban Ki-moon", "5727de862ca10214002d9861": "Alejandro Toledo", "5727de862ca10214002d9862": "Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Figueres", "5727de862ca10214002d9863": "Michael Ignatieff; Pakistani Members of Provincial Assembly Murtaza Bhutto and Sanam Bhutto; Bangladesh", "5727e0474b864d1900163f08": "Conan O'Brien", "5727e0474b864d1900163f09": "Leonard Bernstein", "5727e0474b864d1900163f0a": "Yo Yo Ma", "5727e0474b864d1900163f0b": "W. E. B. Du Bois", "5727e21e4b864d1900163f34": "Baroness Shirley Williams and Michael Sandel, Fields", "5727e21e4b864d1900163f35": "Alyssa A. Goodman, and legal scholars", "5727e21e4b864d1900163f36": "Stephen Greenblatt", "5727c94bff5b5019007d954a": "Jacksonville", "5727c94bff5b5019007d954b": "1,345,596", "5727c94bff5b5019007d954c": "12th", "5727c94bff5b5019007d954d": "Duval County", "5727c94bff5b5019007d954e": "1968", "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9676": "St. Johns River", "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9677": "340 miles (550 km) north", "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9678": "Fort Caroline", "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9679": "Timucua people", "5727cb4b2ca10214002d967a": "Andrew Jackson", "5727cd7dff5b5019007d958e": "deep-water port", "5727cd7dff5b5019007d958f": "golf", "5727cd7dff5b5019007d9590": "two", "5727cd7dff5b5019007d9591": "Jacksonvillians", "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bec": "The area of the modern city of Jacksonville has been inhabited for thousands of years", "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bed": "University of North Florida team", "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bee": "Mocama", "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bef": "Mocama", "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bf0": "Ossachite", "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c26": "Jean Ribault", "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c27": "France", "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c28": "Ren\u00e9 Goulaine de Laudonni\u00e8re", "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c29": "fort San Mateo, and following the ejection", "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c2a": "fort San Mateo, and following the ejection", "572810ec2ca10214002d9d06": "French and Indian War", "572810ec2ca10214002d9d07": "French and Indian War", "572810ec2ca10214002d9d08": "cattle", "572810ec2ca10214002d9d09": "Spanish. Britain", "572810ec2ca10214002d9d0a": "1821", "5728128cff5b5019007d9c76": "hogs and cattle", "5728128cff5b5019007d9c77": "Brick Church", "5728128cff5b5019007d9c78": "Battle of Cedar Creek", "5728128cff5b5019007d9c79": "Cedar Creek. Warfare", "5728128cff5b5019007d9c7a": "March 1864", "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbc": "Reconstruction and the Gilded Age", "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbd": "Grover Cleveland", "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbe": "yellow fever outbreaks", "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbf": "extension of the Florida East Coast Railway", "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cc0": "railroad", "5728170d3acd2414000df443": "Spanish moss at a nearby mattress factory was quickly engulfed in flames and enabling the fire to spread rapidly", "5728170d3acd2414000df444": "2,000", "5728170d3acd2414000df445": "kitchen fire", "5728170d3acd2414000df446": "kitchen fire", "57281940ff5b5019007d9d44": "filmmakers", "57281940ff5b5019007d9d45": "silent", "57281940ff5b5019007d9d46": "Winter Film Capital of the World", "57281940ff5b5019007d9d47": "Winter Film Capital of the World", "57281ab63acd2414000df493": "The construction of highways", "57281ab63acd2414000df494": "75.8%", "57281ab63acd2414000df495": "white", "57281ab63acd2414000df496": "Mayor W. Haydon Burns' Jacksonville Story", "57281ab63acd2414000df497": "World War II", "57281bb84b864d190016449a": "education, sanitation, and traffic control", "57281bb84b864d190016449b": "unincorporated suburbs", "57281bb84b864d190016449c": "funding education, sanitation, and traffic control", "57281bb84b864d190016449d": "Voters", "57281d494b864d19001644be": "through the traditional old boy network", "57281d494b864d19001644bf": "11", "57281d494b864d19001644c0": "Jacksonville Consolidation, led by J. J. Daniel and Claude Yates", "57281d494b864d19001644c1": "taxes", "57281edd3acd2414000df4eb": "consolidation referendum was held in 1967, voters approved the plan", "57281edd3acd2414000df4ec": "Hans Tanzler", "57281edd3acd2414000df4ed": "Fire, police, health & welfare, recreation, public works, and housing & urban development", "57281edd3acd2414000df4ee": "penny", "57281edd3acd2414000df4ef": "$2.25 billion", "572820512ca10214002d9e72": "1,962 km2)", "572820512ca10214002d9e73": "St. Johns River", "572820512ca10214002d9e74": "St. Johns River", "572820512ca10214002d9e75": "13.34%", "572820512ca10214002d9e76": "Baldwin", "572821274b864d1900164510": "tallest building in Downtown Jacksonville's skyline is the Bank of America Tower, constructed in 1990 as the Barnett Center", "572821274b864d1900164511": "Barnett Center", "572821274b864d1900164512": "617 ft", "572821274b864d1900164513": "28", "572821274b864d1900164514": "flared base", "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc4": "humid subtropical", "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc5": "winters and hot and humid weather during summers", "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc6": "mild", "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc7": "low latitude", "57282358ff5b5019007d9dde": "104 \u00b0F", "57282358ff5b5019007d9ddf": "thunderstorms to erupt", "57282358ff5b5019007d9de0": "high humidity", "57282358ff5b5019007d9de1": "64 to 92 \u00b0F", "572824f13acd2414000df58f": "Hurricane Dora", "572824f13acd2414000df590": "180", "572824f13acd2414000df591": "Frances and Hurricane Jeanne, which made landfall south of the area. These tropical cyclones", "572824f13acd2414000df592": "Hurricane Dora", "572824f13acd2414000df593": "1999", "572826634b864d19001645be": "Arab", "572826634b864d19001645bf": "25,033", "572826634b864d19001645c0": "5,751", "572826634b864d19001645c1": "Filipino", "572827fc3acd2414000df5bb": "29.7%", "572827fc3acd2414000df5bc": "23.9%", "572827fc3acd2414000df5bd": "29.7%", "572827fc3acd2414000df5be": "26.2% from 45 to 64, and 10.9%", "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97ee": "40%", "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97ef": "62", "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97f0": "$759,900", "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97f1": "inequality", "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97f2": "inequality", "5729d36b1d04691400779607": "40%", "5729d36b1d04691400779608": "financial assets", "5729d36b1d04691400779609": "nearly $41 trillion", "5729d36b1d0469140077960a": "62", "5729d36b1d0469140077960b": "unreliable", "5727e8424b864d1900163fc0": "400", "5727e8424b864d1900163fc1": "New York Times", "5727e8424b864d1900163fc2": "top 400", "5727e8424b864d1900163fc3": "more wealth", "5729d44b1d04691400779611": "more wealth", "5729d44b1d04691400779612": "top 400 richest Americans \"have more wealth than half of all Americans combined.\" According to the New York Times", "5729d44b1d04691400779613": "Inherited wealth", "5729d44b1d04691400779614": "over 60 percent", "5729d44b1d04691400779615": "Institute for Policy Studies", "5727e9523acd2414000def95": "productivity gap between highly-paid professions and lower-paid professions", "5727e9523acd2414000def96": "productivity gap between highly-paid professions and lower-paid professions", "5727e9523acd2414000def97": "differences in value", "5727e9523acd2414000def98": "productivity gap", "5727e9523acd2414000def99": "the marginal value", "5729d51d3f37b3190047858f": "differences in value added by labor, capital and land", "5729d51d3f37b31900478590": "differences in value", "5729d51d3f37b31900478591": "wages and profits", "5729d51d3f37b31900478592": "worker, capitalist/business owner, landlord", "5729d51d3f37b31900478593": "productivity gap between highly-paid professions and lower-paid professions", "5727ea45ff5b5019007d986e": "reduce costs and maximize profits", "5727ea45ff5b5019007d986f": "downward pressure on wages", "5727ea45ff5b5019007d9870": "proportion to capital inputs", "5727ea45ff5b5019007d9871": "substitution of capital equipment for labor (mechanization and automation) raises the productivity of each worker, resulting in a situation of relatively stagnant wages", "5729d609af94a219006aa661": "capital equipment for labor inputs", "5729d609af94a219006aa662": "labor inputs", "5729d609af94a219006aa663": "meaning that less workers are required in proportion to capital inputs", "5729d609af94a219006aa664": "mechanization and automation", "5729d609af94a219006aa665": "substitution of capital equipment for labor", "5727ec062ca10214002d99b6": "workers wages", "5727ec062ca10214002d99b7": "supply and demand", "5727ec062ca10214002d99b8": "inequality", "5727ec062ca10214002d99b9": "inequality", "5727ec062ca10214002d99ba": "inequality is driven by this price", "5729d878af94a219006aa66b": "where professional and labor organizations cannot limit the number of workers", "5729d878af94a219006aa66c": "prices", "5729d878af94a219006aa66d": "wages", "5729d878af94a219006aa66e": "skilled worker. \"On the other hand, markets can also concentrate wealth, pass environmental costs", "5729d878af94a219006aa66f": "inequality", "5727ed2e3acd2414000df001": "corruption", "5727ed2e3acd2414000df002": "low wage", "5727ed2e3acd2414000df003": "low supply", "5727ed2e3acd2414000df004": "corruption", "5727ed2e3acd2414000df005": "employers tends to drive up wages due to the nature of the job, since there is a relative shortage of workers", "5729da0faf94a219006aa675": "high supply) competing for a job that few require (low demand) will result in a low wage", "5729da0faf94a219006aa676": "competition", "5729da0faf94a219006aa677": "expendable nature of the worker in relation to his or her particular job", "5729da0faf94a219006aa678": "A job", "5729da0faf94a219006aa679": "dish-washing or customer service", "5727ee372ca10214002d99ec": "entrepreneurship rates", "5727ee372ca10214002d99ed": "self-employment", "5727ee372ca10214002d99ee": "push\" motivations", "5727ee372ca10214002d99ef": "entrepreneurialism", "5727ee372ca10214002d99f0": "achievement-oriented motivations", "5729de24af94a219006aa689": "higher economic inequality", "5729de24af94a219006aa68a": "entrepreneurship rates", "5729de24af94a219006aa68b": "Necessity-based entrepreneurship", "5729de24af94a219006aa68c": "achievement-oriented motivations", "5729de24af94a219006aa68d": "necessity", "5727ef664b864d1900164060": "A progressive tax", "5727ef664b864d1900164061": "top tax rate", "5727ef664b864d1900164062": "steeper tax progressivity applied to social spending can result in a more equal distribution of income across the board. The difference between the Gini index", "5727ef664b864d1900164063": "progressive tax system", "5729e02f1d04691400779639": "tax rate", "5729e02f1d0469140077963a": "level of the top tax rate", "5729e02f1d0469140077963b": "steeper tax progressivity applied to social spending", "5729e02f1d0469140077963c": "Gini index", "5727f05b4b864d1900164068": "Education", "5727f05b4b864d1900164069": "lack of education leads directly to lower incomes, and thus lower aggregate savings and investment", "5727f05b4b864d190016406a": "lower incomes", "5727f05b4b864d190016406b": "education raises incomes", "5727f05b4b864d190016406c": "aggregate savings and investment. Conversely, education", "5729e1101d04691400779641": "access to education", "5729e1101d04691400779642": "high wages", "5729e1101d04691400779643": "lower wages", "5729e1101d04691400779644": "lower incomes", "5729e1101d04691400779645": "education raises incomes and promotes growth", "5727f16c3acd2414000df05b": "increasing access to education", "5727f16c3acd2414000df05c": "$105 billion", "5727f16c3acd2414000df05d": "boom-and-bust cycles", "5727f16c3acd2414000df05e": "economists with the Standard & Poor's rating agency", "5729e1e36aef0514001550ba": "2014", "5729e1e36aef0514001550bb": "2008-2009 recession", "5729e1e36aef0514001550bc": "increasing access to education", "5729e1e36aef0514001550bd": "$105 billion", "5729e1e36aef0514001550be": "boom-and-bust cycles", "5727f2714b864d1900164072": "1910\u20131940", "5727f2714b864d1900164073": "decrease in the price", "5727f2714b864d1900164074": "compression and decreased inequality", "5727f2714b864d1900164075": "low economic growth, and continued gender inequality", "5727f2714b864d1900164076": "wages", "5729e2b76aef0514001550ce": "1910\u20131940", "5729e2b76aef0514001550cf": "decrease in the price", "5729e2b76aef0514001550d0": "stepping-stone to acquire college and advanced degrees", "5729e2b76aef0514001550d1": "Education", "5729e2b76aef0514001550d2": "economic inequality", "5727f6723acd2414000df0e7": "Anglo-American liberal policies", "5727f6723acd2414000df0e8": "European countries", "5727f6723acd2414000df0e9": "Anglo-American liberal", "5727f6723acd2414000df0ea": "little support for the view that U.S.-style labor-market flexibility", "5729e38daf94a219006aa69d": "economic inequality", "5729e38daf94a219006aa69e": "social exclusion", "5729e38daf94a219006aa69f": "economic liberalism and the reduction of business regulation along with the decline of union", "5729e38daf94a219006aa6a0": "little support for the view that U.S.-style labor-market flexibility dramatically", "5729e38daf94a219006aa6a1": "flexibility", "5727f7523acd2414000df10d": "Scandinavia", "5727f7523acd2414000df10e": "high inequality", "5727f7523acd2414000df10f": "expanding the income gap than technological changes and globalization", "5727f7523acd2414000df110": "technological changes and globalization", "5729e4291d04691400779651": "Sociologist", "5729e4291d04691400779652": "University of Washington", "5729e4291d04691400779653": "decline of organized labor", "5729e4291d04691400779654": "high rates of unionization, particularly in Scandinavia, have very low levels of inequality", "5729e4291d04691400779655": "weak labor movements", "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a18": "reduced wages as a result of the competition, while low-skilled workers in the poor countries may see increased wages", "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a19": "reduced wages as a result of the competition, while low-skilled workers in the poor countries may see increased wages", "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a1a": "trade liberalisation has had a measurable effect on the rising inequality", "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a1b": "technological innovation and automation", "5729f1283f37b319004785d7": "a global to a domestic scale", "5729f1283f37b319004785d8": "low-skilled workers", "5729f1283f37b319004785d9": "trade liberalisation", "5729f1283f37b319004785da": "innovation", "5729f1283f37b319004785db": "manufacturing", "5727fd123acd2414000df185": "53% in Botswana to -40%", "5727fd123acd2414000df186": "53% in Botswana to -40%", "5727fd123acd2414000df187": "53%", "5727fd123acd2414000df188": "males", "5729f1c13f37b319004785e7": "Gender", "5729f1c13f37b319004785e8": "males", "5729f1c13f37b319004785e9": "women are more likely than men to consider factors other than pay", "5729f1c13f37b319004785ea": "Thomas Sowell", "5729f1c13f37b319004785eb": "gap in other countries ranges from 53%", "5727ff083acd2414000df1ab": "social welfare programs", "5727ff083acd2414000df1ac": "lower levels", "5727ff083acd2414000df1ad": "it acquires more capital", "5727ff083acd2414000df1ae": "wealth", "5729f24baf94a219006aa6dd": "Economist", "5729f24baf94a219006aa6de": "levels of economic inequality", "5729f24baf94a219006aa6df": "more capital", "5729f24baf94a219006aa6e0": "wealth and income and introducing inequality", "5729f24baf94a219006aa6e1": "social welfare programs", "57287b322ca10214002da3be": "1910 to 1940", "57287b322ca10214002da3bf": "1910 to 1940 and thereafter.[citation needed] However, recent data shows that the level of income inequality began to rise after the 1970s", "57287b322ca10214002da3c0": "Kuznets", "57287b322ca10214002da3c1": "manufacturing sector", "5729f3883f37b319004785f1": "Kuznets", "5729f3883f37b319004785f2": "Kuznets curve", "5729f3883f37b319004785f3": "very weak", "5729f3883f37b319004785f4": "decrease", "5729f3883f37b319004785f5": "may be possible that another Kuznets' cycle is occurring, specifically the move from the manufacturing", "57287c2bff5b5019007da26c": "invest in new sources of creating wealth or to otherwise leverage the accumulation of wealth", "57287c2bff5b5019007da26d": "invest in new sources of creating wealth or to otherwise leverage the accumulation of wealth", "57287c2bff5b5019007da26e": "invest in new sources of creating wealth or to otherwise leverage the accumulation of wealth, thus are the beneficiaries of the new wealth", "57287c2bff5b5019007da26f": "r) than economic growth", "5729f4273f37b319004785fb": "the possession of already-wealthy individuals or entities", "5729f4273f37b319004785fc": "individuals or entities", "5729f4273f37b319004785fd": "wealth condensation", "5729f4273f37b319004785fe": "Thomas Piketty", "5729f4273f37b319004785ff": "higher returns [pp. 384 Table 12.2, U.S. university endowment size vs. real annual rate", "5729f4e46aef051400155156": "Economist", "5729f4e46aef051400155157": "market forces", "5729f4e46aef051400155158": "rare and desired", "5729f4e46aef051400155159": "political power", "5729f4e46aef05140015515a": "rent", "5729f60caf94a219006aa6ef": "inequality researchers have found include higher rates of health and social problems, and lower rates of social goods", "5729f60caf94a219006aa6f0": "neglected", "5729f60caf94a219006aa6f1": "life expectancy", "5729f60caf94a219006aa6f2": "economic utility", "5729f60caf94a219006aa6f3": "lower in more unequal countries (r = -.907). A similar relationship exists among US states (r = -.620", "572a05eb3f37b31900478653": "2013", "572a05eb3f37b31900478654": "rising inequality", "572a05eb3f37b31900478655": "negative", "572a05eb3f37b31900478656": "social dislocation, unrest and conflict", "572a05eb3f37b31900478657": "economic", "572a06866aef0514001551be": "British", "572a06866aef0514001551bf": "lower rates of social goods", "572a06866aef0514001551c0": "lower rates", "572a06866aef0514001551c1": "social/health problems lower in countries like Japan and Finland and states like Utah and New Hampshire with high levels", "572a06866aef0514001551c2": "23", "572a070c6aef0514001551c8": "full stomachs", "572a070c6aef0514001551c9": "among poorer countries", "572a070c6aef0514001551ca": "life expectancy", "572a070c6aef0514001551cb": "Americans", "572a070c6aef0514001551cc": "82", "572a07a86aef0514001551d2": "income inequality", "572a07a86aef0514001551d3": "Richard Wilkinson and Kate Pickett", "572a07a86aef0514001551d4": "nine", "572a07a86aef0514001551d5": "countries with bigger income inequalities\", and more common among states", "572a07a86aef0514001551d6": "greater equality", "572a0a391d046914007796df": "inequality", "572a0a391d046914007796e0": "homicides", "572a0a391d046914007796e1": "over fifty", "572a0a391d046914007796e2": "tenfold", "572a0a391d046914007796e3": "inequality", "572a0bafaf94a219006aa765": "economic inequality", "572a0bafaf94a219006aa766": "distributive efficiency", "572a0bafaf94a219006aa767": "richer", "572a0bafaf94a219006aa768": "sum total of personal utility", "572a0bafaf94a219006aa769": "happiness", "572a0c541d046914007796f3": "income inequality is not significant because consumption, rather than income", "572a0c541d046914007796f4": "libertarian", "572a0c541d046914007796f5": "2001", "572a0c541d046914007796f6": "Thomas B", "572a0c541d046914007796f7": "Poor\" by journalist", "572a0d21af94a219006aa783": "Central Banking economist", "572a0d21af94a219006aa784": "systematic economic inequalities", "572a0d21af94a219006aa785": "Financial crisis", "572a0d21af94a219006aa786": "easier credit", "572a0d21af94a219006aa787": "monetary stimulation", "572a0e0e1d04691400779707": "inequality in wealth and income", "572a0e0e1d04691400779708": "not just economic prosperity, but also the quality of a country's institutions and high levels of education", "572a0e0e1d04691400779709": "declines over the medium term", "572a0e0e1d0469140077970a": "poor", "572a0e0e1d0469140077970b": "the middle class", "572a0ecb1d04691400779717": "increasing inequality harms economic growth", "572a0ecb1d04691400779718": "economic growth", "572a0ecb1d04691400779719": "inequality increases, has a negative effect on subsequent long-run economic growth", "572a0ecb1d0469140077971a": "it is a waste of resources", "572a0ecb1d0469140077971b": "inequality", "572a1046af94a219006aa78d": "prevent growth by limiting aggregate demand", "572a1046af94a219006aa78e": "limiting aggregate demand", "572a1046af94a219006aa78f": "global inequality and inequality", "572a1046af94a219006aa790": "increasing importance of human capital in development", "572a1046af94a219006aa791": "education", "572a11663f37b31900478693": "1993", "572a11663f37b31900478694": "detrimental", "572a11663f37b31900478695": "the channels through which inequality may affect economic growth", "572a11663f37b31900478696": "redistributive taxation", "572a11663f37b31900478697": "politically and socially unstable, which is reflected in lower rates", "572a12381d0469140077972b": "Harvard economist", "572a12381d0469140077972c": "growth and investment", "572a12381d0469140077972d": "reduce growth in relatively poor countries but encourage growth", "572a12381d0469140077972e": "reduce growth in relatively poor countries but encourage growth", "572a12381d0469140077972f": "1960 and 2000", "572a13841d0469140077973b": "Kuznets curve hypothesis", "572a13841d0469140077973c": "first increases", "572a13841d0469140077973d": "Economist Thomas Piketty", "572a13841d0469140077973e": "Economist", "572a13841d0469140077973f": "violent economic and political shocks", "572a18a4af94a219006aa7df": "1970s", "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e0": "reduced consumer demand", "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e1": "risen with increased income inequality", "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e2": "several years", "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e3": "equality in the income distribution", "572a1a5c6aef051400155284": "special efforts", "572a1a5c6aef051400155285": "existing level of inequality", "572a1a5c6aef051400155286": "growth rate of 2% per head and 40% of its population living in poverty", "572a1a5c6aef051400155287": "United Nations Ban Ki-Moon: \"While economic growth is necessary, it is not sufficient for progress on reducing poverty", "572a1a5c6aef051400155288": "reducing poverty", "572a1ba46aef05140015528e": "housing", "572a1ba46aef05140015528f": "through various associations and other arrangements", "572a1ba46aef051400155290": "buying property and building", "572a1ba46aef051400155291": "200", "572a1ba46aef051400155292": "government land", "572a1c943f37b319004786e1": "affordable housing", "572a1c943f37b319004786e2": "quality rental units", "572a1c943f37b319004786e3": "higher quality housing increased", "572a1c943f37b319004786e4": "landlords", "572a1c943f37b319004786e5": "low income", "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f5": "everyone", "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f6": "worse equipped to manage their finances", "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f7": "debt", "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f8": "taking on debt", "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f9": "greater inequality and potential economic instability", "572a1f086aef0514001552c0": "more environmental degradation", "572a1f086aef0514001552c1": "environmental degradation", "572a1f086aef0514001552c2": "2 billion", "572a1f086aef0514001552c3": "2 billion", "572a1fe16aef0514001552d0": "the private ownership of the means of production by a class of owners", "572a1fe16aef0514001552d1": "where a small portion of the population lives off unearned property income", "572a1fe16aef0514001552d2": "income in the form of a wage or salary", "572a1fe16aef0514001552d3": "socially owned", "572a1fe16aef0514001552d4": "production", "572a20816aef0514001552e4": "Robert Nozick", "572a20816aef0514001552e5": "taxation", "572a20816aef0514001552e6": "force", "572a20816aef0514001552e7": "forceful taking of property", "572a20816aef0514001552e8": "only justified when they improve society", "572a213e6aef0514001552ee": "income inequality and poverty as form of \u201ccapability deprivation", "572a213e6aef0514001552ef": "economic", "572a213e6aef0514001552f0": "to \u201cwid", "572a213e6aef0514001552f1": "through increasing functionings", "572a213e6aef0514001552f2": "ability to pursue valued goals", "572a2224af94a219006aa823": "deprived of earning as much income as they would otherwise", "572a2224af94a219006aa824": "earn as much as a healthy young", "572a2224af94a219006aa825": "gender roles and customs", "572a2224af94a219006aa826": "widespread panic, or there could be rampant violence in the area that prevents people from going to work for fear of their lives", "572a2224af94a219006aa827": "transparency guarantees, and protective security", "57283c464b864d19001647c8": "private research university", "57283c464b864d19001647c9": "1890", "57283c464b864d19001647ca": "seven", "57283c464b864d19001647cb": "four", "57283c464b864d19001647cc": "15,000", "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbc": "academic disciplines", "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbd": "Chicago's physics department", "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbe": "Chicago's physics department", "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbf": "Marine Biological Laboratory. The university is also home to the University of Chicago Press", "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fc0": "2020", "57283f014b864d19001647e8": "American Baptist Education Society", "57283f014b864d19001647e9": "American Baptist Education Society", "57283f014b864d19001647ea": "William Rainey Harper", "57283f014b864d19001647eb": "1891", "57283f014b864d19001647ec": "1892", "57284142ff5b5019007da00a": "John D. Rockefeller on land donated by Marshall Field", "57284142ff5b5019007da00b": "Silas B. Cobb", "57284142ff5b5019007da00c": "Cobb Lecture Hall", "57284142ff5b5019007da00d": "$100,000", "57284142ff5b5019007da00e": "Charles L. Hutchinson (trustee, treasurer", "572843304b864d1900164848": "Shimer College", "572843304b864d1900164849": "1896", "572843304b864d190016484a": "cheapened the academic reputation of the university. The program passed into history", "572843304b864d190016484b": "professors", "572843304b864d190016484c": "1910", "57284456ff5b5019007da05c": "Robert Maynard Hutchins", "57284456ff5b5019007da05d": "1929", "57284456ff5b5019007da05e": "24-year", "57284456ff5b5019007da05f": "to emphasize academics over athletics", "57284456ff5b5019007da060": "the Common Core", "57284618ff5b5019007da0a8": "1950s", "57284618ff5b5019007da0a9": "allowed very young students to attend college", "57284618ff5b5019007da0aa": "after their second year", "57284618ff5b5019007da0ab": "Hyde Park", "57284618ff5b5019007da0ac": "allowed very young students to attend college", "572847ff3acd2414000df869": "1962", "572847ff3acd2414000df86a": "George Beadle's office in a protest over the university's off-campus rental policies", "572847ff3acd2414000df86b": "1967", "572847ff3acd2414000df86c": "two", "572847ff3acd2414000df86d": "social and political action", "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f2": "mid-2000s", "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f3": "Milton Friedman Institute", "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f4": "$200 million", "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f5": "Chicago Theological Seminary", "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f6": "David G. Booth", "57284b904b864d19001648e2": "Main Quadrangles", "57284b904b864d19001648e3": "six", "57284b904b864d19001648e4": "Henry Ives Cobb", "57284b904b864d19001648e5": "Magdalen", "57284b904b864d19001648e6": "Magdalen Tower, and the university Commons, Hutchinson Hall, replicates Christ Church Hall", "57284d484b864d1900164900": "1940s", "57284d484b864d1900164901": "Eero Saarinen", "57284d484b864d1900164902": "university's School of Social Service Administration", "57284d484b864d1900164903": "School of Social Service Administration", "57284d484b864d1900164904": "1999", "57284e9fff5b5019007da150": "Singapore, London, and the downtown Streeterville neighborhood of Chicago", "57284e9fff5b5019007da151": "left bank of the Seine", "57284e9fff5b5019007da152": "2010", "57284e9fff5b5019007da153": "Renmin University's campus in Haidian District", "57284e9fff5b5019007da154": "2015", "5728501aff5b5019007da166": "board of trustees", "5728501aff5b5019007da167": "50", "5728501aff5b5019007da168": "fourteen", "5728501aff5b5019007da169": "University of Chicago", "5728501aff5b5019007da16a": "Daniel Diermeier", "5728510f4b864d1900164936": "Higher Learning Commission", "5728510f4b864d1900164937": "four", "5728510f4b864d1900164938": "seven", "57285213ff5b5019007da180": "50", "57285213ff5b5019007da181": "28", "57285213ff5b5019007da182": "five", "57285213ff5b5019007da183": "New Collegiate Division", "572853e8ff5b5019007da188": "Common Core", "572853e8ff5b5019007da189": "17", "572853e8ff5b5019007da18a": "rigorous", "572853e8ff5b5019007da18b": "Undergraduate courses at the University of Chicago are known for their demanding standards, heavy workload and academic difficulty; according to Uni", "572855973acd2414000df925": "University of Chicago Laboratory Schools", "572855973acd2414000df926": "Sonia Shankman Orthogenic School", "572855973acd2414000df927": "four", "572855973acd2414000df928": "public charter schools", "572855973acd2414000df929": "University of Chicago campus", "572856beff5b5019007da190": "9.8 million volumes, the 11th", "572856beff5b5019007da191": "9.8 million", "572856beff5b5019007da192": "Regenstein Library", "572856beff5b5019007da193": "2011", "572856beff5b5019007da194": "1.3 million", "57285841ff5b5019007da19a": "12 research institutes and 113", "57285841ff5b5019007da19b": "12 research institutes and 113", "57285841ff5b5019007da19c": "Oriental Institute", "57285841ff5b5019007da19d": "Fermilab", "57285841ff5b5019007da19e": "Sunspot, New Mexico", "57286010ff5b5019007da1ca": "shaping ideas about the free market", "57286010ff5b5019007da1cb": "Chicago Pile-1", "57286010ff5b5019007da1cc": "chemical experiment that tested how life originated on early Earth, the Miller\u2013Urey experiment, was conducted at the university. REM", "57286010ff5b5019007da1cd": "1953", "572861cc4b864d190016495e": "1933 and in Cinema & Media studies since 2000", "572861cc4b864d190016495f": "2000", "572861cc4b864d1900164960": "2000", "572861cc4b864d1900164961": "1933", "572861cc4b864d1900164962": "35 million", "572863363acd2414000df985": "5,792", "572863363acd2414000df986": "3,468", "572863363acd2414000df987": "5,984", "572863363acd2414000df988": "5,792", "572863363acd2414000df989": "international students comprised almost 19% of the overall study body, over 26% of students were domestic ethnic minorities", "572864542ca10214002da2de": "University Athletic Association", "572864542ca10214002da2df": "NCAA's Division III", "572864542ca10214002da2e0": "Big Ten Conference", "572864542ca10214002da2e1": "Jay Berwanger", "572864542ca10214002da2e2": "President Robert Maynard Hutchins de-emphasized varsity athletics", "5728659f4b864d190016498a": "over 400", "5728659f4b864d190016498b": "Student Organizations", "5728659f4b864d190016498c": "University of Chicago College Bowl Team", "5728659f4b864d190016498d": "RSOs", "5728659f4b864d190016498e": "WHPK", "5728667eff5b5019007da1fc": "graduate and undergraduate students", "5728667eff5b5019007da1fd": "an Executive Committee", "5728667eff5b5019007da1fe": "two", "5728667eff5b5019007da1ff": "$2 million", "572867543acd2414000df9a1": "fifteen", "572867543acd2414000df9a2": "fifteen fraternities and seven", "572867543acd2414000df9a3": "Alpha Phi Omega", "572867543acd2414000df9a4": "Four", "572867543acd2414000df9a5": "ten", "5728683b3acd2414000df9af": "1987", "5728683b3acd2414000df9b0": "1987", "5728683b3acd2414000df9b1": "Festival of the Arts", "5728683b3acd2414000df9b2": "Kuviasungnerk/Kangeiko", "5728683b3acd2414000df9b3": "Summer Breeze", "57286951ff5b5019007da20e": "Satya Nadella", "57286951ff5b5019007da20f": "Satya Nadella", "57286951ff5b5019007da210": "Larry Ellison", "57286951ff5b5019007da211": "MF Global", "57286951ff5b5019007da212": "Jon Corzine", "57286ab72ca10214002da31e": "Saul Alinsky", "57286ab72ca10214002da31f": "Saul Alinsky", "57286ab72ca10214002da320": "Robert Bork", "57286ab72ca10214002da321": "Masaaki Shirakawa", "57286ab72ca10214002da322": "Eliot Ness", "57286bf84b864d19001649d2": "Lauren Oliver", "57286bf84b864d19001649d3": "Philip Roth", "57286bf84b864d19001649d4": "Allan Bloom", "57286bf84b864d19001649d5": "satirist Kurt Vonnegut", "57286bf84b864d19001649d6": "Kurt Vonne", "57286d7d4b864d19001649e0": "Philip Glass", "57286d7d4b864d19001649e1": "Alex Seropian", "57286d7d4b864d19001649e2": "Halo", "57286d7d4b864d19001649e3": "Ed Asner", "57286d7d4b864d19001649e4": "Mike Nichols", "57286ec63acd2414000df9d1": "Carl Sagan", "57286ec63acd2414000df9d2": "John M. Grunsfeld, geneticist James Watson", "57286ec63acd2414000df9d3": "David Suzuki", "57286ec63acd2414000df9d4": "Richard Hamming", "57286ec63acd2414000df9d5": "Joseph Cohen, and geochemist Clair Cameron Patterson", "572870b2ff5b5019007da222": "Milton Friedman", "572870b2ff5b5019007da223": "Margaret Thatcher", "572870b2ff5b5019007da224": "Paul Samuelson", "572870b2ff5b5019007da225": "Eugene Fama", "572871bc4b864d1900164a04": "David Graeber and Donald Johanson", "572871bc4b864d1900164a05": "Samuel Reshevsky", "572871bc4b864d1900164a06": "Samuel Reshevsky", "572872dd2ca10214002da37e": "A. Michelson", "572872dd2ca10214002da37f": "Arthur H. Compton", "572872dd2ca10214002da380": "Enrico Fermi", "572872dd2ca10214002da381": "Edward Teller", "572872dd2ca10214002da382": "Maria Goeppert-Mayer", "5728742cff5b5019007da246": "James Henry Breasted", "5728742cff5b5019007da247": "Alberto Calder\u00f3n", "5728742cff5b5019007da248": "Ted Fujita", "5728742cff5b5019007da249": "Glenn T. Seaborg", "5728742cff5b5019007da24a": "Charles Brenton Huggins", "5728759cff5b5019007da25a": "Barack Obama's Council", "5728759cff5b5019007da25b": "Raghuram Rajan", "5728759cff5b5019007da25c": "David Bevington, and renowned political scientists John Mearsheimer", "5728759cff5b5019007da25d": "David Bevington, and renowned political scientists John Mearsheimer", "5728759cff5b5019007da25e": "anthropologist Marshall Sahlins, historian Dipesh Chakrabarty", "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b6": "Great Yuan", "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b7": "Great Yuan", "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b8": "Kublai Khan", "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b9": "Kublai Khan", "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1ba": "1271", "572860e03acd2414000df977": "Mongol Empire", "572860e03acd2414000df978": "Song dynasty and preceding the Ming dynasty", "572860e03acd2414000df979": "Song dynasty and preceding the Ming dynasty", "572860e03acd2414000df97a": "Genghis Khan", "57286192ff5b5019007da1dc": "1271", "57286192ff5b5019007da1dd": "Kublai Khan", "57286192ff5b5019007da1de": "Ulus", "57286192ff5b5019007da1df": "Mongolian", "57286192ff5b5019007da1e0": "Mongol Empire", "572863c72ca10214002da2d4": "Mongol and Turkic", "572863c72ca10214002da2d5": "1206", "572863c72ca10214002da2d6": "\u00d6gedei Khan", "572863c72ca10214002da2d7": "1206", "572863c72ca10214002da2d8": "Hebei", "572864dd4b864d1900164976": "Khitan", "572864dd4b864d1900164977": "Han Chinese and Khitan defected to the Mongols to fight against the Jin", "572864dd4b864d1900164978": "Khitan", "572864dd4b864d1900164979": "10,000", "572864dd4b864d190016497a": "3", "5728661e2ca10214002da2e8": "Han Chinese", "5728661e2ca10214002da2e9": "Jin dynasty", "5728661e2ca10214002da2ea": "Han and Jurchen", "5728661e2ca10214002da2eb": "Shi Bingzhi", "5728661e2ca10214002da2ec": "Mongols", "572867212ca10214002da2f2": "M\u00f6ngke Khan", "572867212ca10214002da2f3": "southern China", "572867212ca10214002da2f4": "1259", "572867212ca10214002da2f5": "Ariq B\u00f6ke", "572867212ca10214002da2f6": "Zhongton", "572867d72ca10214002da2fc": "Ogedei", "572867d72ca10214002da2fd": "south", "572867d72ca10214002da2fe": "prince Wonjong", "572867d72ca10214002da2ff": "northeast", "572867d72ca10214002da300": "1262", "572869b84b864d19001649ae": "preserving Mongol interests in China", "572869b84b864d19001649af": "salt and iron", "572869b84b864d19001649b0": "Chinese dynasties", "572869b84b864d19001649b1": "three, later four", "572869b84b864d19001649b2": "Han Chinese", "57286b003acd2414000df9c1": "Karakorum", "57286b003acd2414000df9c2": "Karakorum in Mongolia to Khanbaliq", "57286b003acd2414000df9c3": "1264", "57286b003acd2414000df9c4": "Zhongdu", "57286b003acd2414000df9c5": "sage emperor by following the rituals", "57286bb84b864d19001649c8": "commercial, scientific, and cultural", "57286bb84b864d19001649c9": "Mongol peace", "57286bb84b864d19001649ca": "southern China to Daidu", "57286bb84b864d19001649cb": "southern China", "57286bb84b864d19001649cc": "Marco Polo", "57286c8cff5b5019007da218": "the Song Emperor to Quzhou", "57286c8cff5b5019007da219": "1115\u20131234", "57286c8cff5b5019007da21a": "1115\u20131234", "57286c8cff5b5019007da21b": "Kong Duancao", "57286c8cff5b5019007da21c": "30,000", "57286d4f2ca10214002da328": "northern China", "57286d4f2ca10214002da329": "1268 and 1273", "57286d4f2ca10214002da32a": "rich Yangzi River basin", "57286d4f2ca10214002da32b": "Hangzhou", "57286d4f2ca10214002da32c": "bringing an end to the Song", "57286dfa2ca10214002da332": "1279", "57286dfa2ca10214002da333": "an inauspicious typhoon", "57286dfa2ca10214002da334": "Fujian", "57286dfa2ca10214002da335": "Annam", "57286dfa2ca10214002da336": "1282", "57286ead2ca10214002da346": "1253", "57286ead2ca10214002da347": "Zhenjin", "57286ead2ca10214002da348": "1285", "57286ead2ca10214002da349": "corruption", "57286ead2ca10214002da34a": "1294", "57286f373acd2414000df9db": "Buyantu Khan", "57286f373acd2414000df9dc": "discontent", "57286f373acd2414000df9dd": "Li Meng", "57286f373acd2414000df9de": "Department of State Affairs", "57286f373acd2414000df9df": "1313", "57286fa83acd2414000df9e5": "Emperor Gegeen Khan", "57286fa83acd2414000df9e6": "1321 to 1323", "57286fa83acd2414000df9e7": "Baiju", "57286fa83acd2414000df9e8": "the comprehensive institutions of the Great Yuan", "57286fa83acd2414000df9e9": "five", "5728705c2ca10214002da35a": "Shangdu", "5728705c2ca10214002da35b": "Khanbaliq-based Tugh Tem\u00fcr eventually won the civil war against Ragibagh known as the War of the Two Capitals", "5728705c2ca10214002da35c": "four days", "5728705c2ca10214002da35d": "Khanbaliq", "5728705c2ca10214002da35e": "Ragibagh", "5728710c3acd2414000df9ef": "cultural contribution", "5728710c3acd2414000df9f0": "Pavilion of the Star of Literature", "5728710c3acd2414000df9f1": "spring of 1329", "5728710c3acd2414000df9f2": "institutional compendium", "5728710c3acd2414000df9f3": "Buddhism", "572871bd3acd2414000dfa03": "1332", "572871bd3acd2414000dfa04": "Emperor Ningzong", "572871bd3acd2414000dfa05": "13-year", "572871bd3acd2414000dfa06": "nine", "572871bd3acd2414000dfa07": "Jin, and Song dynasties", "572872822ca10214002da374": "struggle, famine, and bitterness", "572872822ca10214002da375": "all influence", "572872822ca10214002da376": "both the army and the populace", "572872822ca10214002da377": "Outlaws", "572872822ca10214002da378": "short and marked by intrigues and rivalries", "57287338ff5b5019007da232": "1340s", "57287338ff5b5019007da233": "the Red Turban Rebellion", "57287338ff5b5019007da234": "fear of betrayal", "57287338ff5b5019007da235": "Toghun Tem\u00fcr", "57287338ff5b5019007da236": "1368 after the approach of the forces of the M\u00edng dynasty (1368", "572878942ca10214002da3a2": "the Ilkhanate", "572878942ca10214002da3a3": "the Ilkhanate", "572878942ca10214002da3a4": "Ilkhanate", "572878942ca10214002da3a5": "melons", "572879574b864d1900164a14": "Western", "572879574b864d1900164a15": "Taoism", "572879574b864d1900164a16": "Taoism", "572879574b864d1900164a17": "Confucian", "572879574b864d1900164a18": "cartography", "57287b4a4b864d1900164a28": "Marco Polo", "57287b4a4b864d1900164a29": "Cambaluc", "57287b4a4b864d1900164a2a": "Il milione", "57287b4a4b864d1900164a2b": "Venetian", "57287b4a4b864d1900164a2c": "lack of mentioning the Great Wall", "57287c142ca10214002da3d0": "Guo Shoujing", "57287c142ca10214002da3d1": "365.2425 days", "57287c142ca10214002da3d2": "granaries", "57287c142ca10214002da3d3": "Beijing", "57287c142ca10214002da3d4": "hydraulic engineering. Contacts with the West also brought the introduction to China of a major food", "57287ccb2ca10214002da3da": "non-native Chinese people", "57287ccb2ca10214002da3db": "Eternal Heaven", "57287ccb2ca10214002da3dc": "Ming dynasty", "57287ccb2ca10214002da3dd": "Ming dynasty", "57287ccb2ca10214002da3de": "Song dynasty and the Ming dynasty", "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e4": "Han Chinese, Khitans, Jurchens, Mongols, and Tibetan Buddhists", "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e5": "native Tang, Song", "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e6": "Liu Bingzhong", "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e7": "Six", "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e8": "finance", "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa3f": "native Chinese dynasties, as the real military authority in Yuan times resided in the Privy Council", "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa40": "since the Sui and Tang dynasties", "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa41": "Mongols and Semuren", "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa42": "native Chinese dynasties, as the real military authority in Yuan times resided in the Privy Council", "57287e512ca10214002da3f8": "1269", "57287e512ca10214002da3f9": "Mongolian, Tibetan, and Chinese", "57287e512ca10214002da3fa": "Most of the Emperors could not master written Chinese, but they could generally converse well in the language", "57287e512ca10214002da3fb": "Tugh Temur", "57287e512ca10214002da3fc": "poetry", "57287ee3ff5b5019007da274": "1290", "57287ee3ff5b5019007da275": "1291", "57287ee3ff5b5019007da276": "decaying rural leisure", "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa51": "classical Chinese art", "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa52": "calligraphy", "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa53": "Tang dynasty", "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa54": "poetic forms", "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa55": "zaju", "57287fec4b864d1900164a3c": "Yuan dynasty", "57287fec4b864d1900164a3d": "Buddhism", "57287fec4b864d1900164a3e": "Tibetan Buddhism", "57287fec4b864d1900164a3f": "Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs", "57287fec4b864d1900164a40": "Tibetan variants", "5728804b4b864d1900164a46": "1249\u20131314", "5728804b4b864d1900164a47": "1249\u20131314", "5728804b4b864d1900164a48": "modern matrices", "5728804b4b864d1900164a49": "polynomial algebra", "5728804b4b864d1900164a4a": "1303", "5728809f2ca10214002da40c": "Fixing the Seasons", "5728809f2ca10214002da40d": "cubic interpolation formula", "5728809f2ca10214002da40e": "Shoushi Li", "5728809f2ca10214002da40f": "Shoushi Li", "5728809f2ca10214002da410": "1281", "572881022ca10214002da416": "Healers were divided into non-Mongol physicians", "572881022ca10214002da417": "herbal remedies", "572881022ca10214002da418": "herbal remedies", "572881022ca10214002da419": "Imperial Academy of Medicine", "572881022ca10214002da41a": "it ensured a high income and medical ethics were compatible with Confucian virtues", "572881704b864d1900164a50": "Four", "572881704b864d1900164a51": "Four Great Schools\" that the Yuan inherited from the Jin dynasty. All four schools were based on the same intellectual foundation", "572881704b864d1900164a52": "other parts of the empire", "572881704b864d1900164a53": "acupuncture, moxibustion, pulse diagnosis, and various herbal drugs", "572881704b864d1900164a54": "1277", "572881d34b864d1900164a5a": "Muslim medicine", "572881d34b864d1900164a5b": "Nestorian physician Jesus the Interpreter", "572881d34b864d1900164a5c": "1263", "572881d34b864d1900164a5d": "humoral system contradicted the yin-yang and wuxing philosophy", "572881d34b864d1900164a5e": "yin-yang and wuxing philosophy", "572882242ca10214002da420": "through Kingdom of Qocho and Tibetan intermediaries", "572882242ca10214002da421": "Wang Zhen", "572882242ca10214002da422": "12th century", "572882242ca10214002da423": "T\u00f6regene Khatun", "572882242ca10214002da424": "1273", "5728827b2ca10214002da42a": "printing technology", "5728827b2ca10214002da42b": "bark of mulberry trees", "5728827b2ca10214002da42c": "1275", "5728827b2ca10214002da42d": "woodblocks", "5728827b2ca10214002da42e": "1294", "572883153acd2414000dfa6f": "patrimonial feudalism", "572883153acd2414000dfa70": "Mongolian patrimonial feudalism and the traditional Chinese autocratic-bureaucratic system", "572883153acd2414000dfa71": "Mongols", "572883153acd2414000dfa72": "strong \"colonial\" coloration", "572883153acd2414000dfa73": "Southerners reaching the highest-post in the government compared with the possibility that Persians did so in the Ilkhan", "572883a33acd2414000dfa79": "Han Chinese and Khitans", "572883a33acd2414000dfa7a": "Han Chinese and Khitans", "572883a33acd2414000dfa7b": "Bukhara", "572883a33acd2414000dfa7c": "artisans and farmers", "572883a33acd2414000dfa7d": "Genghis Khan", "57288428ff5b5019007da28e": "restricting Halal slaughter and other Islamic practices like circumcision", "57288428ff5b5019007da28f": "Kosher butchering", "57288428ff5b5019007da290": "Zhu Yuanzhang", "57288428ff5b5019007da291": "Chinese surname", "57288428ff5b5019007da292": "Zhu Yuanzhang's armies was the Hui Muslim Feng Sheng. The Muslims in the semu class also revolted against the Yuan dynasty", "5728848cff5b5019007da298": "Frederick W. Mote", "5728848cff5b5019007da299": "social power and wealth", "5728848cff5b5019007da29a": "rich and well socially standing", "5728848cff5b5019007da29b": "less rich Mongol and Semu", "572885023acd2414000dfa83": "Northern Chinese", "572885023acd2414000dfa84": "Northern Chinese", "572885023acd2414000dfa85": "The Northern Chinese were ranked higher and Southern Chinese were ranked lower because southern China withstood", "572885023acd2414000dfa86": "lower", "572885023acd2414000dfa87": "private southern Chinese manufacturers and merchants", "5728855d3acd2414000dfa8d": "the Karluks", "5728855d3acd2414000dfa8e": "Karluk Kara-Khanid ruler", "5728855d3acd2414000dfa8f": "Uighur King of Qocho", "5728855d3acd2414000dfa90": "last", "572885c44b864d1900164a78": "Central Region", "572885c44b864d1900164a79": "Central Secretariat", "572885c44b864d1900164a7a": "Khanbaliq", "572885c44b864d1900164a7b": "Beijing", "572885c44b864d1900164a7c": "Zhongshu Sheng", "5728eff82ca10214002daadc": "disease", "5728eff82ca10214002daadd": "pathogens", "5728eff82ca10214002daade": "neuroimmune", "5728eff82ca10214002daadf": "the blood\u2013brain barrier, blood\u2013cerebrospinal fluid barrier, and similar fluid\u2013brain barriers", "572a14af3f37b319004786c1": "pathogens", "572a14af3f37b319004786c2": "humoral immunity versus cell-mediated immunity", "572a14af3f37b319004786c3": "innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system, or humoral immunity versus cell-mediated immunity", "572a14af3f37b319004786c4": "pathogens", "5728f2e26aef051400154896": "Immunodeficiency", "5728f2e26aef051400154897": "autoimmunity", "5728f2e26aef051400154898": "Immunology", "5728f2e26aef051400154899": "genetic disease such as severe combined immunodeficiency, acquired conditions such as HIV/AIDS, or the use of immunosuppressive medication", "5728f3724b864d1900165116": "Robert Koch's 1891 proofs", "5728f3724b864d1900165117": "Viruses", "5728f3724b864d1900165118": "infectious disease. Viruses were confirmed as human pathogens in 1901, with the discovery of the yellow fever", "5728f3724b864d1900165119": "430 BC", "5728f6446aef0514001548e4": "Innate immune", "5728f6446aef0514001548e5": "adaptive immune system", "5728f6446aef0514001548e6": "mount faster and stronger attacks", "5728f6446aef0514001548e7": "physical barriers", "5728f7774b864d190016512e": "self and non-self molecules", "5728f7774b864d190016512f": "self molecules", "5728f7774b864d1900165130": "non-self molecules", "5728f7774b864d1900165131": "antigens", "5728f7774b864d1900165132": "specific immune receptors", "5728f9882ca10214002dab5a": "pattern recognition receptors", "5728f9882ca10214002dab5b": "innate immune system is the dominant system of host", "5728f9882ca10214002dab5c": "microorganisms", "5728f9882ca10214002dab5d": "pathogens", "5728fb002ca10214002dab6a": "infection", "5728fb002ca10214002dab6b": "The waxy cuticle of many leaves, the exoskeleton of insects, the shells and membranes of externally deposited eggs, and skin", "5728fb002ca10214002dab6c": "coughing and sneezing", "5728fb002ca10214002dab6d": "gas", "5728fb002ca10214002dab6e": "respiratory tract. The flushing action of tears and urine", "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ec7": "the \u03b2-defensins", "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ec8": "lysozyme and phospholipase A2", "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ec9": "defensins and zinc", "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9eca": "gastric acid and proteases", "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ecb": "menarche", "5728fd206aef05140015494c": "commensal flora", "5728fd206aef05140015494d": "fungi", "5728fd206aef05140015494e": "lactoba", "5728fd206aef05140015494f": "pH or available iron", "572900f73f37b31900477f69": "Inflammation", "572900f73f37b31900477f6a": "redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are caused by increased blood flow into tissue", "572900f73f37b31900477f6b": "eicosanoids and cytokines", "572900f73f37b31900477f6c": "prostaglandins", "572900f73f37b31900477f6d": "interleukins", "572905ce1d04691400778f83": "phagocytes", "572905ce1d04691400778f84": "cytokines", "572905ce1d04691400778f85": "intracellular vesicle called a phagosome", "572905ce1d04691400778f86": "phagolysosome", "572905ce1d04691400778f87": "Phagocytosis", "5729081d3f37b31900477fab": "Neutrophils and macrophages", "5729081d3f37b31900477fac": "Neutrophils", "5729081d3f37b31900477fad": "50% to 60%", "5729081d3f37b31900477fae": "chemotaxis", "5729081d3f37b31900477faf": "chemicals including enzymes", "572908c13f37b31900477fbd": "Leukocytes", "572908c13f37b31900477fbe": "Leukocytes", "572908c13f37b31900477fbf": "adaptive immune system", "572908c13f37b31900477fc0": "macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells", "5729efab3f37b319004785cf": "Dendritic cells", "5729efab3f37b319004785d0": "neuronal dendrites", "5729efab3f37b319004785d1": "Dendritic cells", "5729efab3f37b319004785d2": "T cells", "5729f06f1d04691400779673": "Natural killer cells", "5729f06f1d04691400779674": "missing self", "5729f06f1d04691400779675": "MHC I", "5729f06f1d04691400779676": "KIR", "5729f12e3f37b319004785e1": "vertebrates", "5729f12e3f37b319004785e2": "antigen presentation", "5729f12e3f37b319004785e3": "pathogens or pathogen-infected cells", "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d3": "killer T cell and the helper T cell", "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d4": "regulatory T cells", "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d5": "Class I MHC molecules, while helper T cells", "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d6": "MHC molecules, while helper T cells", "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d7": "I MHC molecules, while helper T cells and regulatory T cells only recognize antigens coupled to Class II", "5729f39a6aef05140015514c": "viruses", "5729f39a6aef05140015514d": "co-receptor", "5729f39a6aef05140015514e": "CD8", "5729f39a6aef05140015514f": "a complex with the MHC Class I receptor of another cell", "5729f39a6aef051400155150": "granulysin (a protease) induces", "5729f4b41d0469140077968b": "CD4 co-receptor", "5729f4b41d0469140077968c": "300", "5729f4b41d0469140077968d": "200\u2013300", "5729f4b41d0469140077968e": "cytokines that influence the activity of many cell types. Cytokine", "5729f4b41d0469140077968f": "Cytokine", "5729f5a03f37b31900478605": "helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells and NK cells", "5729f5a03f37b31900478606": "\u03b3\u03b4 T cells", "5729f5a03f37b31900478607": "\u03b3\u03b4 T cells straddle the border between innate and adaptive immunity. On one hand, \u03b3\u03b4 T cells", "5729f5a03f37b31900478608": "adaptive immunity", "5729f5a03f37b31900478609": "phenotype. On the other hand, the various subsets are also part of the innate immune system, as restricted TCR or NK receptors", "5729f69caf94a219006aa6f9": "A B cell", "5729f69caf94a219006aa6fa": "proteolysis", "5729f69caf94a219006aa6fb": "lymphokines", "5729f799af94a219006aa707": "long-lived memory cells", "5729f799af94a219006aa708": "some of their offspring", "5729f799af94a219006aa709": "passive short-term memory or active long-term memory", "5729f799af94a219006aa70a": "each specific pathogen", "5729f8516aef05140015516c": "microbes", "5729f8516aef05140015516d": "IgG", "5729f8516aef05140015516e": "Breast milk or colostrum", "5729f8516aef05140015516f": "IgG", "5729f9953f37b3190047861f": "immunomodulators", "5729f9953f37b31900478620": "adaptive and innate", "5729f9953f37b31900478621": "lupus erythematosus", "5729f9953f37b31900478622": "immunosuppressive", "5729fa40af94a219006aa70f": "NFIL3", "5729fa40af94a219006aa710": "heart disease, chronic pain, and asthma", "5729fa40af94a219006aa711": "active immunizations", "5729fb003f37b31900478627": "progressive decline in hormone levels with age", "5729fb003f37b31900478628": "vitamin", "5729fb003f37b31900478629": "hormones", "5729fb003f37b3190047862a": "cholecalciferol", "5729fc3d1d0469140077969d": "killer T cells", "5729fc3d1d0469140077969e": "MHC class I molecules", "5729fc3d1d0469140077969f": "viral antigens", "5729fc3d1d046914007796a0": "antibodies", "5729fd111d046914007796a5": "phagocytic cells", "5729fd111d046914007796a6": "PAMPs", "5729fd111d046914007796a7": "rapid apoptosis", "5729fd111d046914007796a8": "Systemic acquired resistance", "5729fd111d046914007796a9": "silencing mechanisms", "5729fe5c3f37b3190047862f": "autoimmune disorders", "5729fe5c3f37b31900478630": "self and non-self", "5729fe5c3f37b31900478631": "thymus and bone marrow", "5729fe5c3f37b31900478632": "self\" peptides", "5729fefbaf94a219006aa739": "Immunodeficiencies", "5729fefbaf94a219006aa73a": "young and the elderly", "5729fefbaf94a219006aa73b": "50 years of age", "5729fefbaf94a219006aa73c": "malnutrition", "5729fefbaf94a219006aa73d": "malnutrition", "5729ffda1d046914007796af": "vaccination", "5729ffda1d046914007796b0": "immunization", "5729ffda1d046914007796b1": "an antigen", "5729ffda1d046914007796b2": "natural specificity of the immune system, as well as its inducibility", "572a019f3f37b31900478643": "secreting enzymes", "572a019f3f37b31900478644": "type III secretion system", "572a019f3f37b31900478645": "shut down host defenses", "572a019f3f37b31900478646": "elude host immune responses", "572a02483f37b3190047864b": "Frank Burnet", "572a02483f37b3190047864c": "pathogens", "572a02483f37b3190047864d": "self/nonself theory of immunity", "572a02483f37b3190047864e": "Niels Jerne", "572a03086aef0514001551a2": "Glucocorticoids", "572a03086aef0514001551a3": "cytotoxic or immunosuppressive", "572a03086aef0514001551a4": "methotrexate or azathioprine", "572a03086aef0514001551a5": "cyclosporin", "572a04d51d046914007796cd": "cytotoxic natural killer cells", "572a04d51d046914007796ce": "cortisol and catecholamines", "572a04d51d046914007796cf": "melatonin", "572a04d51d046914007796d0": "free radical production during this time", "572a058aaf94a219006aa751": "vitamin D receptor", "572a058aaf94a219006aa752": "steroid hormone calcitriol", "572a058aaf94a219006aa753": "symbiotic", "572a058aaf94a219006aa754": "CYP27B1", "572a058aaf94a219006aa755": "vitamin D calcidiol", "572a06af3f37b31900478667": "Pattern recognition receptors", "572a06af3f37b31900478668": "defensins", "572a06af3f37b31900478669": "complement system and phagocytic cells", "572a06af3f37b3190047866a": "RNA interference", "572a07fc6aef0514001551dc": "classical molecules", "572a07fc6aef0514001551dd": "lamprey and hagfish", "572a07fc6aef0514001551de": "Variable lymphocyte receptors", "572a07fc6aef0514001551df": "adaptive", "572a096e6aef0514001551e4": "lymphocytes", "572a096e6aef0514001551e5": "the restriction modification system to protect themselves from viral pathogens, called bacteriophages", "572a096e6aef0514001551e6": "viral pathogens, called bacteriophages", "572a096e6aef0514001551e7": "immunity, through a system that uses CRISPR", "572a0a686aef0514001551ec": "humoral", "572a0a686aef0514001551ed": "Elie Metchnikoff", "572a0a686aef0514001551ee": "phagocytes", "572a0a686aef0514001551ef": "Robert Koch", "572a0a686aef0514001551f0": "active immune agents were soluble", "572a0b0b6aef0514001551f6": "cancers. Tumor cells often have a reduced number of MHC class I molecules on their surface, thus avoiding detection by killer T cells", "572a0b0b6aef0514001551f7": "MHC class I molecules on their surface", "572a0b0b6aef0514001551f8": "cytokine TGF-\u03b2", "572a0b0b6aef0514001551f9": "macrophages and lymphocytes", "572a0bf96aef051400155204": "Hypersensitivity", "572a0bf96aef051400155205": "four", "572a0bf96aef051400155206": "anaphylactic reaction", "572a0bf96aef051400155207": "IgE", "572a0bf96aef051400155208": "poison ivy). These reactions are mediated by T cells, monocytes", "572a0ce11d046914007796fd": "intracellular pathogenesis", "572a0ce11d046914007796fe": "Salmonella", "572a0ce11d046914007796ff": "Plasmodium falciparum", "572a0ce11d04691400779700": "Mycobacterium", "572a0ce11d04691400779701": "cystic fibrosis", "572a0e4b6aef051400155214": "antigenic variation", "572a0e4b6aef051400155215": "HIV", "572a0e4b6aef051400155216": "HIV", "572a0e4b6aef051400155217": "HIV, the envelope that covers the virion", "572a0f073f37b3190047867f": "immune surveillance", "572a0f073f37b31900478680": "papillomavirus", "572a0f073f37b31900478681": "tyrosinase", "572a0f073f37b31900478682": "immune surveillance", "572a0f073f37b31900478683": "melanocytes", "572a10cd6aef051400155222": "500 Da) can provoke a neutralizing immune response, particularly if the drugs are administered repeatedly", "572a10cd6aef051400155223": "hydrophobic amino acids; however, more recent developments rely on machine learning techniques using databases of existing known epitopes, usually on well-studied virus", "572a10cd6aef051400155224": "proteomics", "572a10cd6aef051400155225": "hydrophilic amino acids are overrepresented in epitope regions than hydrophobic amino acids", "572a10cd6aef051400155226": "hydrophilic amino acids", "572a12386aef051400155234": "leptin", "572a12386aef051400155235": "alpha and IFN-gamma. These cytokines", "572a12386aef051400155236": "pituitary growth hormone", "572a12386aef051400155237": "alpha and IFN-gamma. These cytokines", "572a135daf94a219006aa79f": "bacteriophage", "572a135daf94a219006aa7a0": "defensins", "572a135daf94a219006aa7a1": "defense", "572a135daf94a219006aa7a2": "Adaptive (or acquired) immunity", "572a142e3f37b319004786b9": "carbohydrates", "572a142e3f37b319004786ba": "signal amplification", "572a142e3f37b319004786bb": "antibodies", "572a142e3f37b319004786bc": "increase vascular permeability, and opsonize (coat) the surface of a pathogen, marking it for destruction", "57293b843f37b31900478133": "World Meteorological Organization", "57293b843f37b31900478134": "the World Meteorological Organization", "57293b843f37b31900478135": "greenhouse gas concentrations", "57293b843f37b31900478136": "international treaty on climate change", "57293b843f37b31900478137": "43/53", "57293bc91d0469140077919b": "Hoesung Lee", "57293bc91d0469140077919c": "Korean economist", "57293bc91d0469140077919d": "Ismail El Gizouli", "57293bc91d0469140077919e": "Ismail El Gizouli", "57293bc91d0469140077919f": "February 2015", "57293c246aef051400154bb8": "representatives appointed by governments and organizations", "57293c246aef051400154bb9": "350 government officials and climate change experts. After the opening ceremonies, closed plenary sessions were held. The meeting report states there were 322", "57293c246aef051400154bba": "322", "57293c246aef051400154bbb": "Plenary sessions", "57293ca73f37b3190047815b": "1989", "57293ca73f37b3190047815c": "the United Nations Environment Programme", "57293ca73f37b3190047815d": "IPCC Trust Fund", "57293ca73f37b3190047815e": "IPCC Trust Fund", "57293ca73f37b3190047815f": "Financial Regulations and Rules", "57293d116aef051400154bc8": "it monitor climate related data", "57293d116aef051400154bc9": "published sources", "57293d116aef051400154bca": "non-peer-reviewed sources", "57293d116aef051400154bcb": "grey literature", "57293d6d1d046914007791b7": "two", "57293d6d1d046914007791b8": "ten to fifteen", "57293d6d1d046914007791b9": "two \"coordinating lead authors\", ten to fifteen", "57293d6d1d046914007791ba": "authors prepare text, graphs or data for inclusion by the lead authors", "57293d6d1d046914007791bb": "Working Group chairs", "57293e221d046914007791d5": "they are certain that emissions", "57293e221d046914007791d6": "atmospheric concentrations of the greenhouse gases, resulting on average in an additional warming of the Earth's surface", "57293e221d046914007791d7": "over half", "57293e221d046914007791d8": "business", "57293e221d046914007791d9": "0.3 \u00b0C per decade", "57293e983f37b3190047818b": "2001", "57293e983f37b3190047818c": "16", "57293e983f37b3190047818d": "climate change", "57293e983f37b3190047818e": "90%", "57293e983f37b3190047818f": "90%", "57293f353f37b3190047819b": "Richard Lindzen", "57293f353f37b3190047819c": "does not faithfully summarize the full WGI report", "57293f353f37b3190047819d": "John Houghton", "57293f353f37b3190047819e": "co-chair", "57293f353f37b3190047819f": "scientific evidence", "57293f8a6aef051400154bde": "The preparation and approval process for all IPCC Special Reports follows the same procedures as for IPCC Assessment Reports", "57293f8a6aef051400154bdf": "2011", "57293f8a6aef051400154be0": "2011", "57293f8a6aef051400154be1": "governments", "572940246aef051400154bec": "Data Distribution Centre and the National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme", "572940246aef051400154bed": "publishing default emission factors", "572940246aef051400154bee": "publishing default emission factors", "572940246aef051400154bef": "WMO Executive Council", "572940973f37b319004781a5": "the date is incorrect", "572940973f37b319004781a6": "poor application of well-established IPCC procedures", "572940973f37b319004781a7": "an ICSI report \"Variations of Snow and Ice", "572940973f37b319004781a8": "WWF report", "572941273f37b319004781ad": "chairman", "572941273f37b319004781ae": "it seem like climate change", "572941273f37b319004781af": "climate expert", "572941273f37b319004781b0": "Himalayan glaciers", "572941273f37b319004781b1": "unfounded and also marginal to the assessment", "57294209af94a219006aa201": "1999", "57294209af94a219006aa202": "Michael E. Mann", "57294209af94a219006aa203": "hockey stick graph", "57294209af94a219006aa204": "Millennial Northern Hemisphere temperature", "57294279af94a219006aa209": "1000 and 1900", "57294279af94a219006aa20a": "Fred Singer", "57294279af94a219006aa20b": "Capitol Hill", "57294279af94a219006aa20c": "18 July 2000", "57294279af94a219006aa20d": "United States Senate Committee on Commerce", "572943ab1d04691400779219": "Joe Barton", "572943ab1d0469140077921a": "Ed Whitfield", "572943ab1d0469140077921b": "23 June 2005", "572943ab1d0469140077921c": "Sherwood Boehlert", "572943ab1d0469140077921d": "Sherwood Boehlert", "572944e03f37b319004781e1": "2007", "572944e03f37b319004781e2": "2007", "572944e03f37b319004781e3": "14", "572944e03f37b319004781e4": "Ten of these 14", "572944e03f37b319004781e5": "reconstructions used additional data and covered a wider area, using a variety of statistical methods. The section discussed the divergence", "572945b11d0469140077922f": "1 February 2007", "572945b11d04691400779230": "projections on temperature and sea level change with observations", "572945b11d04691400779231": "projections on temperature and sea level change with observations", "572945b11d04691400779232": "projections on temperature and sea level change with observations", "572949306aef051400154c68": "a study on projected rises in sea levels", "572949306aef051400154c69": "0.5\u20131.4 m", "572949306aef051400154c6a": "0.5\u20131.4 m", "572949306aef051400154c6b": "2001", "57294baaaf94a219006aa26b": "coordinating lead author of the Fifth Assessment Report", "57294baaaf94a219006aa26c": "Michael Oppenheimer", "57294baaaf94a219006aa26d": "IPCC consensus", "57294e6b1d04691400779275": "global warming", "57294e6b1d04691400779276": "Climate Change", "57294e6b1d04691400779277": "states and governments", "5729506d6aef051400154cac": "Sheldon Ungar", "5729506d6aef051400154cad": "reductions", "5729506d6aef051400154cae": "regional burden sharing conflicts", "5729506d6aef051400154caf": "UK government", "5729517d6aef051400154cc8": "scientific papers", "5729517d6aef051400154cc9": "any significant new evidence or events that change our understanding of climate science", "5729517d6aef051400154cca": "our scientific understanding is rapidly changing, this has been raised as a serious shortcoming in a body which is widely regarded as the ultimate authority on the science", "572951f16aef051400154cce": "five", "572951f16aef051400154ccf": "journal Nature", "572951f16aef051400154cd0": "organizational options", "572951f16aef051400154cd1": "remove government oversight", "57296d571d04691400779413": "positive", "57296d571d04691400779414": "composite number", "57296d571d04691400779415": "fundamental theorem of arithmetic", "57296d571d04691400779416": "primes", "57296d571d04691400779417": "prime because one can include arbitrarily", "57296f293f37b319004783a3": "primality", "57296f293f37b319004783a4": "trial division", "57296f293f37b319004783a5": "Miller\u2013Rabin primality test", "57296f293f37b319004783a6": "Miller\u2013Rabin primality test", "57296f293f37b319004783a7": "22,338,618", "572970c11d04691400779463": "infinitely", "572970c11d04691400779464": "Euclid", "572970c11d04691400779465": "statistical", "572970c11d04691400779466": "19th century", "572970c11d04691400779467": "end of the 19th century", "5729727baf94a219006aa437": "twin prime conjecture", "5729727baf94a219006aa438": "twin prime conjecture", "5729727baf94a219006aa439": "algebraic aspects of numbers", "5729727baf94a219006aa43a": "public-key cryptography", "5729727baf94a219006aa43b": "mathematical domains, mainly algebra", "572973f76aef051400154f0a": "2", "572973f76aef051400154f0b": "5 end in 1, 3, 7, or 9, since even numbers are multiples", "572973f76aef051400154f0c": "odd prime", "572973f76aef051400154f0d": "2", "572973f76aef051400154f0e": "0 or 5", "57297547af94a219006aa45b": "1", "57297547af94a219006aa45c": "Christian Goldbach", "57297547af94a219006aa45d": "Christian Goldbach", "57297547af94a219006aa45e": "10,006", "57297547af94a219006aa45f": "a prime", "57297781af94a219006aa4a3": "sieve of Eratosthenes", "57297781af94a219006aa4a4": "1 were considered a prime: a modified version", "57297781af94a219006aa4a5": "Euler's totient function or the sum of divisors", "57297781af94a219006aa4a6": "lacks, such as the relationship of the number to its corresponding value", "57297781af94a219006aa4a7": "correctly", "572978f91d046914007794d3": "Rhind", "572978f91d046914007794d4": "Ancient Greeks", "572978f91d046914007794d5": "Euclid's Elements", "572978f91d046914007794d6": "Euclid", "572978f91d046914007794d7": "simple method to compute primes", "57297a276aef051400154f88": "1640", "57297a276aef051400154f89": "Euler", "57297a276aef051400154f8a": "22n + 1", "57297a276aef051400154f8b": "n = 4 (or 216 + 1)", "57297a276aef051400154f8c": "2", "57297bc9af94a219006aa4c7": "trial division", "57297bc9af94a219006aa4c8": "prime. This routine", "57297bc9af94a219006aa4c9": "1 and less than or equal to the square root of n", "57297bc9af94a219006aa4ca": "the square root of n", "57297bc9af94a219006aa4cb": "three", "57297d421d046914007794e5": "two", "57297d421d046914007794e6": "probabilistic", "57297d421d046914007794e7": "probabilistic", "57297d421d046914007794e8": "deterministic algorithm", "57297d421d046914007794e9": "faster", "57297ed93f37b3190047845f": "Fermat primality test", "57297ed93f37b31900478460": "the fact (Fermat's little theorem) that np\u2261n (mod p) for any n if p is a prime number", "57297ed93f37b31900478461": "composite numbers", "57297ed93f37b31900478462": "probabilistic test", "57297ed93f37b31900478463": "probabilistic test", "572980f9af94a219006aa4d1": "2p + 1", "572980f9af94a219006aa4d2": "prime", "572980f9af94a219006aa4d3": "The Lucas\u2013Lehmer test", "572980f9af94a219006aa4d4": "Sophie Germain primes", "572980f9af94a219006aa4d5": "Sophie Germain primes", "572982e66aef051400154f92": "distributed computing", "572982e66aef051400154f93": "2009", "572982e66aef051400154f94": "US$100,000 prize", "572982e66aef051400154f95": "Electronic Frontier Foundation", "572982e76aef051400154f96": "Mersenne primes", "572985011d04691400779501": "floor function", "572985011d04691400779502": "Chebyshev", "572985011d04691400779503": "3", "572985011d04691400779504": "one", "572985011d04691400779505": "Wilson", "572987e46aef051400154fa2": "satisfied", "572987e46aef051400154fa3": "Dirichlet", "572987e46aef051400154fa4": "1", "572987e46aef051400154fa5": "one prime number. In all other rows (a = 1", "572987e46aef051400154fa6": "more, the primes are distributed equally among those rows in the long run\u2014the density", "572989846aef051400154fc0": "The zeta function", "572989846aef051400154fc1": "\u03b6", "572989846aef051400154fc2": "\u03b6", "572989846aef051400154fc3": "exceeds any given number", "572989846aef051400154fc4": "Euler", "57298ef11d0469140077952d": "1859", "57298ef11d0469140077952e": "unproven Riemann hypothesis, dating from 1859, states that except for s = \u22122, \u22124", "57298ef11d0469140077952f": "random noise", "57298ef11d04691400779530": "log x of numbers less than x are primes, the prime number theorem", "57298ef11d04691400779531": "asymptotic distribution of primes", "57299021af94a219006aa50b": "1912", "57299021af94a219006aa50c": "Goldbach's conjecture", "57299021af94a219006aa50d": "all numbers up to n = 2 \u00b7 1017", "57299021af94a219006aa50e": "Chen", "57299021af94a219006aa50f": "Chen's theorem", "572991943f37b319004784a1": "difference 2", "572991943f37b319004784a2": "difference 2", "572991943f37b319004784a3": "Polignac's conjecture", "572991943f37b319004784a4": "n2 + 1", "572991943f37b319004784a5": "Brocard's conjecture", "57299326af94a219006aa515": "British mathematician G. H. Hardy", "57299326af94a219006aa516": "G. H. Hardy", "57299326af94a219006aa517": "1970s", "57299326af94a219006aa518": "pseudorandom number generators", "57299326af94a219006aa519": "hash tables", "572995d46aef051400154fe8": "recurring", "572995d46aef051400154fe9": "recurring decimal", "572995d46aef051400154fea": "\u2212 1)! + 1 is divisible by p. Moreover, an integer n > 4", "572995d46aef051400154feb": "\u2212 1", "572995d46aef051400154fec": "fraction", "572996c73f37b319004784b3": "RSA and the Diffie\u2013Hellman key exchange", "572996c73f37b319004784b4": "RSA and the Diffie\u2013Hellman key exchange", "572996c73f37b319004784b5": "512", "572996c73f37b319004784b6": "modular", "572996c73f37b319004784b7": "512", "572998673f37b319004784d5": "cicadas of the genus Magicicada", "572998673f37b319004784d6": "grubs underground", "572998673f37b319004784d7": "17 years", "572998673f37b319004784d8": "the prime number intervals between emergences make it very difficult for predators to evolve that could specialize as predators on Magicicadas", "572998673f37b319004784d9": "Over a 200-year period, average predator populations during hypothetical outbreaks of 14- and 15-year cicadas would be up to 2%", "57299a6f6aef051400155016": "minimality or indecomposability", "57299a6f6aef051400155017": "smallest subfield", "57299a6f6aef051400155018": "prime knot is a knot that is indecomposable in the sense", "57299a6f6aef051400155019": "3", "57299a6f6aef05140015501a": "a second", "57299c2c6aef051400155020": "prime elements and irreducible elements", "57299c2c6aef051400155021": "Prime numbers", "57299c2c6aef051400155022": "Prime numbers", "57299c2c6aef051400155023": "it is neither zero nor a unit", "57299c2c6aef051400155024": "if it is not a unit and cannot be written as a product of two ring elements that are not units. In the ring Z of integers", "57299d1c1d04691400779581": "fundamental theorem of arithmetic", "57299d1c1d04691400779582": "Gaussian integers Z", "57299d1c1d04691400779583": "a + bi", "57299d1c1d04691400779584": "arbitrary integers", "57299d1c1d04691400779585": "Gaussian", "57299ec43f37b3190047850d": "ring theory", "57299ec43f37b3190047850e": "Prime ideals, which generalize prime elements in the sense that the principal ideal generated by a prime element is a prime ideal", "57299ec43f37b3190047850f": "ring theory", "57299ec43f37b31900478510": "fundamental theorem of arithmetic", "57299ec43f37b31900478511": "arithmetic", "5729a03f1d04691400779593": "Prime ideals", "5729a03f1d04691400779594": "ramification of prime ideals when lifted to an extension field", "5729a03f1d04691400779595": "integers of quadratic number fields", "5729a03f1d04691400779596": "solvability", "5729a26d6aef05140015505a": "smaller", "5729a26d6aef05140015505b": "local) fields", "5729a26d6aef05140015505c": "p-adic norm", "5729a26d6aef05140015505d": "global principle", "5729a3716aef05140015506a": "Olivier Messiaen", "5729a3716aef05140015506b": "prime numbers to create ametrical music", "5729a3716aef05140015506c": "ametrical music through \"natural phenomena", "5729a3716aef05140015506d": "third", "5729a3716aef05140015506e": "nature, movements of free and unequal durations", "572f5533a23a5019007fc55c": "Cologne", "572f5533a23a5019007fc55d": "Cologne", "572f5533a23a5019007fc55e": "Cologne", "572f5533a23a5019007fc55f": "second", "572fe1d404bcaa1900d76e37": "Cologne", "572fe1d404bcaa1900d76e3a": "Cologne", "572fe1d404bcaa1900d76e3b": "second", "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56b": "Gaulish name R\u0113nos", "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56c": "R\u0113nos", "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56d": "*R\u012bna", "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56e": "1st century BC", "572fe288a23a5019007fcad7": "R\u0113nos", "572fe288a23a5019007fcad8": "German Rhein and French Rhin", "572fe288a23a5019007fcad9": "*R\u012bnaz", "572fe288a23a5019007fcada": "R\u0113nos", "572fe288a23a5019007fcadb": "Rh- in English Rhine", "572f567cb2c2fd140056803f": "Rhine-kilometers", "572f567cb2c2fd1400568040": "1939", "572f567cb2c2fd1400568041": "Rhine-kilometers\" (Rheinkilometer), a scale introduced in 1939 which runs from the Old Rhine Bridge at Constance", "572f567cb2c2fd1400568042": "Constance", "572f567cb2c2fd1400568043": "The river length is significantly shortened from the river's natural course", "572fe393947a6a140053cdba": "Rhine-kilometers", "572fe393947a6a140053cdbb": "1939", "572fe393947a6a140053cdbc": "Constance", "572fe393947a6a140053cdbd": "Constance", "572fe393947a6a140053cdbe": "number of canalisation projects", "572f5703a23a5019007fc573": "north", "572f5703a23a5019007fc574": "86 km long", "572f5703a23a5019007fc575": "glacial alpine valley known as the Rhine Valley", "572f5703a23a5019007fc576": "Sargans", "572f5703a23a5019007fc577": "Graub\u00fcnden", "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4b": "near Chur", "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4c": "86 km long", "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4d": "599 m to 396 m", "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4e": "Rhine Valley", "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4f": "Tamins-Reichenau the Anterior Rhine and the Posterior Rhine", "572f57c704bcaa1900d7686d": "Lake Constance", "572f57c704bcaa1900d7686e": "Alter Rhein", "572f57c704bcaa1900d7686f": "Alter Rhein", "572f57c704bcaa1900d76870": "pronounced \"Isel", "572f57c704bcaa1900d76871": "precipitating sediments", "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e55": "Lake Constance", "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e56": "Alter Rhein", "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e57": "Alter Rhein", "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e58": "small islands by precipitating sediments", "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e59": "Alemannic", "572f5875947a6a140053c89a": "Fu\u00dfach", "572f5875947a6a140053c89b": "Fu\u00dfach", "572f5875947a6a140053c89c": "strong sedimentation", "572f5875947a6a140053c89d": "parallel to the canalized Rhine into the lake", "572f5875947a6a140053c89e": "the lake will silt up the lake. This has already happened", "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e69": "Fu\u00dfach", "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6a": "Fu\u00dfach", "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6b": "to counteract the constant flooding and strong sedimentation", "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6c": "The Dornbirner Ach", "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6d": "continuous input of sediment", "572f58d9a23a5019007fc57d": "three", "572f58d9a23a5019007fc57e": "Seerhein", "572f58d9a23a5019007fc57f": "upper lake", "572f58d9a23a5019007fc580": "lower lake", "572f58d9a23a5019007fc581": "Swiss-Austrian", "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858b": "three", "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858c": "Austria near the Alps", "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858d": "Germany, Switzerland and Austria near the Alps", "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858e": "Germany, Switzerland and Austria near the Alps", "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858f": "Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg", "572f59b4a23a5019007fc587": "greater density of cold water", "572f59b4a23a5019007fc588": "Upper Lake", "572f59b4a23a5019007fc589": "Lindau", "572f59b4a23a5019007fc58a": "Bodensee. A small fraction of the flow is diverted off the island of Mainau into Lake \u00dcberlingen", "572f59b4a23a5019007fc58b": "entire length", "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e95": "Upper Lake", "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e96": "\u00dcberlingen. Most of the water flows via the Constance hopper into the Rheinrinne", "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e97": "Hagnau am Bodensee. A small fraction of the flow is diverted off the island of Mainau into Lake \u00dcberlingen", "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e98": "hopper", "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e99": "Gutter\") and Seerhein. Depending on the water", "572f609ca23a5019007fc5af": "westward, as the Hochrhein", "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b0": "Aare", "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b1": "more than a fifth of the discharge at the Dutch border. The Aare also contains the waters from the 4,274 m", "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b2": "Finsteraarhorn", "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b3": "Stadt, until it turns north at the so-called Rhine knee at Basel, leaving Switzerland", "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde0": "westward", "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde1": "Aare", "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde2": "4,274 m", "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde3": "Finsteraarhorn", "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde4": "Schaffhausen", "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ea": "Rhine knee", "572f60f4947a6a140053c8eb": "Rhine knee", "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ec": "Central Bridge", "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ed": "300 km long", "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ee": "40 km wide", "572fec30947a6a140053cdf2": "Rhine knee", "572fec30947a6a140053cdf3": "Rhine knee", "572fec30947a6a140053cdf4": "North", "572fec30947a6a140053cdf5": "High Rhine", "572fec30947a6a140053cdf6": "Central Bridge", "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680b7": "19th", "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680b8": "increased and the ground water level fell significantly", "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680b9": "fell significantly", "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680ba": "Grand Canal d'Alsace", "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680bb": "large compensation pools", "572feddda23a5019007fcb5b": "Upper Rhine region", "572feddda23a5019007fcb5c": "19th Century", "572feddda23a5019007fcb5d": "increased and the ground water level fell significantly", "572feddda23a5019007fcb5e": "fell significantly", "572feddda23a5019007fcb5f": "river water", "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cb": "The Rhine", "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cc": "Moselle", "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cd": "more than 300 m3/s", "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680ce": "Neckar", "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cf": "1,300 ft", "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef5": "Germany", "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef6": "Neckar", "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef7": "Moselle", "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef8": "Northeastern France", "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef9": "2,290 m3", "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5eb": "the Middle Rhine", "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5ec": "Rhine Gorge", "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5ed": "erosion", "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5ee": "the Romantic Rhine", "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76eff": "the Middle Rhine", "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76f00": "Rhine Gorge", "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76f02": "castles and vineyards", "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76f03": "the Romantic Rhine", "572f6c85947a6a140053c940": "drinking water. It contributes 70 m3/s (2,500 cu ft/s) to the Rhine. Other rivers", "572f6c85947a6a140053c941": "Lower Rhine", "572f6c85947a6a140053c942": "Duisburg", "572f6c85947a6a140053c943": "Ruhr", "572f6c85947a6a140053c944": "cleanup measures, such as the reforestation", "572ff293947a6a140053ce52": "water pollution", "572ff293947a6a140053ce53": "Switzerland", "572ff293947a6a140053ce54": "Switzerland", "572ff293947a6a140053ce55": "Duisburg", "572ff293947a6a140053ce56": "Ruhr", "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc621": "tourism", "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc622": "R\u00fcdesheim am Rhein", "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc623": "Lorelei", "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc624": "the Middle Rhine Valley", "572ff35f947a6a140053ce66": "tourism", "572ff35f947a6a140053ce67": "UNESCO World Heritage Site", "572ff35f947a6a140053ce68": "R\u00fcdesheim am Rhein", "572ff35f947a6a140053ce69": "Lorelei", "572ff35f947a6a140053ce6a": "Lorelei", "572f7588947a6a140053c984": "Duisburg", "572f7588947a6a140053c985": "Datteln Canal", "572f7588947a6a140053c986": "Emmerich", "572f7588947a6a140053c987": "Krefeld", "572f7588947a6a140053c988": "400", "572ff430a23a5019007fcba9": "Lower Rhine", "572ff430a23a5019007fcbaa": "Rhine-Ruhr region", "572ff430a23a5019007fcbab": "Duisport", "572ff430a23a5019007fcbac": "Krefeld", "572ff430a23a5019007fcbad": "400", "572f76d1b2c2fd1400568153": "Rijn", "572f76d1b2c2fd1400568154": "Meuse", "572f76d1b2c2fd1400568155": "Two thirds", "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f24": "farther west", "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f25": "farther west", "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f26": "Meuse", "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f27": "Rotterdam and continues via Het Scheur", "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a2": "Pannerdens Kanaal and redistributes", "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a3": "Nederrijn", "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a4": "Lek", "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a5": "Wijk bij Duurstede", "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f2d": "west", "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f2e": "Nederrijn", "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f2f": "one ninth", "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f30": "Lek", "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f31": "Wijk bij Duurstede", "572ff5fcb2c2fd1400568657": "Rijn", "572ff5fcb2c2fd1400568658": "Rijn, from here on, is used only for smaller streams farther to the north", "572ff5fcb2c2fd1400568659": "Kromme Rijn", "572ff5fcb2c2fd140056865a": "Kromme Rijn", "572ff5fcb2c2fd140056865b": "Oude Rijn (\"Old Rhine\"). The latter flows west into a sluice", "572ff673b2c2fd1400568669": "Rhine-Meuse Delta", "572ff673b2c2fd140056866a": "Millingen aan de Rijn", "572ff673b2c2fd140056866b": "river delta", "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f51": "Waal and Pannerdens Kanaal", "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f52": "three", "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f53": "Waal", "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f54": "Maas", "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f55": "Beneden Merwede; the Oude Maas (\"Old Meuse", "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568681": "St. Elizabeth's flood", "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568682": "1421", "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568683": "just south of today's line Merwede-Oude Maas to the North Sea", "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568684": "archipelago-like estuary", "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568685": "1421 to 1904", "572ff890a23a5019007fcbcd": "dammed", "572ff890a23a5019007fcbce": "drainage channels for the numerous polders", "572ff890a23a5019007fcbcf": "construction of Delta Works", "572ff890a23a5019007fcbd0": "second half of the 20th Century", "572ff935b2c2fd140056869b": "tidal delta", "572ff935b2c2fd140056869c": "Rhine-Meuse Delta", "572ff935b2c2fd140056869d": "strong tidal currents could tear huge areas of land into the sea", "572ff935b2c2fd140056869e": "Zaltbommel", "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbe9": "Tethys sea", "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbea": "Triassic Period of the Mesozoic Era", "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbeb": "Jurassic Period", "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbec": "the squeeze and rotated or were pushed laterally, generating the individual features of Mediterranean geography: Iberia pushed up the Pyrenees; Italy", "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbed": "compression and orogeny continue today, as shown by the ongoing raising of the mountains a small amount each year and the active volcanoes", "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686b7": "N\u2013S", "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686b8": "Upper Rhine Graben", "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686b9": "Miocene", "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686ba": "Danube", "572ffc0f947a6a140053cef0": "Through stream capture", "572ffc0f947a6a140053cef1": "Pliocene", "572ffc0f947a6a140053cef2": "Vosges Mountains", "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc15": "Ice Ages", "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc16": "six", "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc17": "120 m", "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc18": "northwest", "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc19": "Brest", "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e5": "end of the Pleistocene", "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e6": "the Pleistocene", "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e7": "west through the Netherlands", "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e8": "120 m (390 ft", "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e9": "Atlantic Ocean", "572fff45947a6a140053cf26": "a glacier", "572fff45947a6a140053cf27": "tundra", "572fff45947a6a140053cf28": "ca. 22,000", "572fff45947a6a140053cf29": "ice-sheets", "572fff45947a6a140053cf2a": "loess", "572fffb404bcaa1900d76fef": "22,000 years ago", "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff0": "thaw", "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff1": "the Rhine", "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff2": "13,000 BP", "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff3": "9000 BP", "573003dd947a6a140053cf42": "7500 yr ago", "573003dd947a6a140053cf43": "Rates of sea-level rise had dropped so far, that natural sedimentation by the Rhine and coastal processes together", "573003dd947a6a140053cf44": "7000 years", "573003dd947a6a140053cf45": "tectonic subsidence", "573003dd947a6a140053cf46": "1\u20133 cm", "5730042804bcaa1900d77011": "11,700 years ago", "5730042804bcaa1900d77012": "Late-Glacial valley", "5730042804bcaa1900d77013": "Netherlands", "5730042804bcaa1900d77014": "8,000 years ago", "57300580b2c2fd140056874d": "Over the past 6000 years", "57300580b2c2fd140056874e": "Bronze Age agriculture), in the upland areas (central Germany), the sediment load", "57300580b2c2fd140056874f": "flooding and sedimentation", "57300580b2c2fd1400568750": "80", "57300580b2c2fd1400568751": "11\u201313th century", "5730069004bcaa1900d7702d": "North Sea", "5730069004bcaa1900d7702e": "the North Sea", "5730069004bcaa1900d7702f": "north", "5730069004bcaa1900d77030": "a freshwater lake", "5730069004bcaa1900d77031": "three", "57300761947a6a140053cf9a": "1st century BC", "57300761947a6a140053cf9b": "Germania", "57300761947a6a140053cf9c": "6th century BC", "57300761947a6a140053cf9d": "Herodotus", "573007fab2c2fd140056876b": "AD 14", "573007fab2c2fd140056876c": "upper Danube", "573007fab2c2fd140056876d": "until the empire fell", "573007fab2c2fd140056876e": "The southern part", "573007fab2c2fd140056876f": "water-boundary of the Rhine and upper Danube", "57300888b2c2fd1400568775": "eight", "57300888b2c2fd1400568776": "whether a state or threat of war", "57300888b2c2fd1400568777": "Pannonian troops", "57300888b2c2fd1400568778": "two legions at oppidum Ubiorum", "57300888b2c2fd1400568779": "oppidum Ubiorum", "57300911947a6a140053cfb6": "by the 5th century", "57300911947a6a140053cfb7": "kingdoms of Francia", "57300911947a6a140053cfb8": "dragons rock", "57300911947a6a140053cfb9": "Siegfried", "57300911947a6a140053cfba": "Hagen", "573009a004bcaa1900d7704f": "6th century", "573009a004bcaa1900d77050": "10th century", "573009a004bcaa1900d77051": "Lower Lorraine", "573009a004bcaa1900d77052": "Archduke Sigismund of Austria", "573009a004bcaa1900d77053": "1469", "57300a25a23a5019007fcc97": "Peace of Westphalia", "57300a25a23a5019007fcc98": "Establishing \"natural borders", "57300a25a23a5019007fcc99": "Napoleon", "57300a25a23a5019007fcc9a": "1806", "57300a25a23a5019007fcc9b": "1840", "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77063": "At the end of World War I", "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77064": "1930", "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77065": "German army", "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77066": "helping Adolf Hitler's rise to power", "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77067": "1936", "57300bf504bcaa1900d77087": "Arnhem", "57300bf504bcaa1900d77088": "Germany", "57300bf504bcaa1900d77089": "September 1944", "57300bf504bcaa1900d7708a": "Ludendorff Bridge", "57300bf504bcaa1900d7708b": "Cold War", "57300c67947a6a140053cff0": "1,230 kilometres (764 miles)", "57300c67947a6a140053cff1": "the German encyclopedia Knaurs Lexikon", "57300c67947a6a140053cff2": "1,230 kilometres (764 miles)", "57300c67947a6a140053cff3": "1,230 kilometres (764 miles", "57300c68947a6a140053cff4": "2010", "572fac17947a6a140053cb54": "1997, in which the Scottish electorate voted for devolution, the current Parliament was convened by the Scotland Act 1998", "572fac17947a6a140053cb55": "Scotland Act 1998", "572fac17947a6a140053cb56": "The Act delineates the legislative competence of the Parliament \u2013 the areas in which it can make laws", "572fac17947a6a140053cb57": "the Parliament of the United Kingdom", "572fac17947a6a140053cb58": "Westminster", "572facb0a23a5019007fc863": "lack of a Parliament of Scotland", "572facb0a23a5019007fc864": "three", "572facb0a23a5019007fc865": "outbreak of the First World War", "572facb0a23a5019007fc866": "late 1960s", "572facb0a23a5019007fc867": "a directly elected Scottish Assembly to legislate for the majority of domestic Scottish affairs", "572fad30a23a5019007fc86d": "North Sea", "572fad30a23a5019007fc86e": "Scottish independence", "572fad30a23a5019007fc86f": "not benefitting Scotland as much as they should", "572fad30a23a5019007fc870": "1974", "572fad30a23a5019007fc871": "1978", "572fadcbb2c2fd1400568329": "Edinburgh", "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832a": "40%", "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832b": "failed", "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832c": "51.6%", "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832d": "32.9%", "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76bdf": "a Scottish Parliament", "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76be0": "Conservative Party", "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76be1": "1989", "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76be2": "the Convention", "572faec7b2c2fd1400568333": "Holyrood area of Edinburgh", "572faec7b2c2fd1400568334": "Enric Miralles", "572faec7b2c2fd1400568335": "Spanish", "572faec7b2c2fd1400568336": "leaf-shaped", "572faec7b2c2fd1400568337": "Elizabeth II", "572faf74b2c2fd1400568347": "Holyrood", "572faf74b2c2fd1400568348": "Holyrood", "572faf74b2c2fd1400568349": "meeting of the Church's General Assembly", "572faf74b2c2fd140056834a": "Strathclyde Regional Council debating chamber in Glasgow", "572faf74b2c2fd140056834b": "University of Aberdeen", "572fb059947a6a140053cb80": "City of Edinburgh Council", "572fb059947a6a140053cb81": "George IV Bridge", "572fb059947a6a140053cb82": "headquarters of the pre-1975 Midlothian County Council) housed the Parliament's visitors' centre and shop", "572fb059947a6a140053cb83": "Parliament Square", "572fb059947a6a140053cb84": "main hall", "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c15": "one MSP", "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c16": "Tricia Marwick", "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c17": "secret ballot of the 129 MSPs", "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c18": "two", "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c19": "clerks", "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8f7": "the Presiding Officer", "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8f8": "Parliamentary Bureau", "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8f9": "five or more", "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8fa": "Officer", "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5b": "a hemicycle", "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5c": "hemicycle", "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5d": "131", "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5e": "131 seats, 129 are occupied by the Parliament's elected MSPs and 2", "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5f": "MSPs, cannot vote", "572fbf21a23a5019007fc937": "silver", "572fbf21a23a5019007fc938": "Scottish rivers", "572fbf21a23a5019007fc939": "Wisdom, Compassion, Justice and Integrity", "572fbf21a23a5019007fc93a": "the Queen", "572fbf21a23a5019007fc93b": "a glass", "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c73": "April and October", "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c74": "debating chamber", "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c75": "Chamber debates and committee", "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c76": "free", "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c77": "online, in the Official Report, which is the substantially verbatim", "572fc043a23a5019007fc95d": "Wednesdays", "572fc043a23a5019007fc95e": "four minutes", "572fc043a23a5019007fc95f": "religious beliefs", "572fc043a23a5019007fc960": "Presiding Officer", "572fc043a23a5019007fc961": "direct representations", "572fc41f947a6a140053cc80": "The Presiding Officer", "572fc41f947a6a140053cc81": "speaks in chamber debates", "572fc41f947a6a140053cc82": "different viewpoints and political parties", "572fc41f947a6a140053cc83": "ministers or party leaders", "572fc41f947a6a140053cc84": "Gaelic", "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccb": "5 pm", "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccc": "Decision Time", "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccd": "vote", "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76cce": "seconds", "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccf": "seconds", "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8a": "outcome of most votes", "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8b": "political parties", "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8c": "Parties entrust some MSPs", "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8d": "unlikely to reach higher political ranks in their parties", "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8e": "moral", "572fc659b2c2fd1400568447": "45 minutes", "572fc659b2c2fd1400568448": "45 minutes", "572fc659b2c2fd1400568449": "Members Business", "572fc659b2c2fd140056844a": "an MSP", "572fc659b2c2fd140056844b": "The relevant minister", "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf5": "committee", "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf6": "stronger", "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf7": "there is no revising chamber", "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf8": "conduct inquiries and scrutinise legislation", "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf9": "Scotland", "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d07": "MSPs", "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d08": "balance of parties across Parliament", "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d09": "their functions", "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d0a": "Mandatory Committees", "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d0b": "fourth", "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d11": "the beginning of each parliamentary session", "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d12": "one", "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d13": "Education and Culture", "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d14": "Economy, Energy and Tourism", "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d1f": "the Scottish Parliament", "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d20": "large-scale development projects", "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d21": "Private bills", "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d22": "Private Bill Committees", "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568473": "Scotland Act 1998", "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568474": "Queen Elizabeth II", "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568475": "devolved competencies", "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568476": "Parliament of the United Kingdom at Westminster", "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568477": "Westminster", "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f1": "Schedule 5", "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f2": "Scottish Parliament", "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f3": "Scots law \u2013 courts, police and fire services, local government, sport and the arts, transport, training, tourism, research and statistics and social work", "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f4": "3", "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f5": "fiscal devolution including borrowing powers and some other unconnected matters such as setting speed limits and control of air guns", "572fcc43b2c2fd140056847d": "Reserved matters", "572fcc43b2c2fd140056847e": "UK Government ministers", "572fcc43b2c2fd140056847f": "Westminster", "572fcc43b2c2fd1400568480": "Europe", "572fcd86947a6a140053ccda": "Bills", "572fcd86947a6a140053ccdb": "Scottish Government", "572fcd86947a6a140053ccdc": "new laws or amendments to existing laws", "572fcd86947a6a140053ccdd": "an outside proposer", "572fcd86947a6a140053ccde": "in a number of stages", "572fce12a23a5019007fca11": "introductory stage", "572fce13a23a5019007fca12": "the minister or member in charge of the bill will formally introduce it to Parliament together with its accompanying documents \u2013 Explanatory Notes", "572fce13a23a5019007fca13": "whether the bill is within the legislative competence of the Parliament", "572fce13a23a5019007fca14": "in the relevant committee or committees", "572fce13a23a5019007fca15": "2", "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd02": "Stage 3", "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd03": "two", "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd04": "final vote", "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd05": "wrecking amendments", "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd06": "After a general debate", "572fd264b2c2fd14005684a9": "the Monarch for royal assent", "572fd264b2c2fd14005684aa": "royal assent", "572fd264b2c2fd14005684ab": "4-week period", "572fd264b2c2fd14005684ac": "the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom", "572fd264b2c2fd14005684ad": "Act", "572fd47fa23a5019007fca55": "Scottish Government", "572fd47fa23a5019007fca56": "First Minister", "572fd47fa23a5019007fca57": "Any member", "572fd47fa23a5019007fca58": "Solicitor", "572fd47fa23a5019007fca59": "MSPs", "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76d9f": "28 days", "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da0": "2011", "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da1": "the Monarch", "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da2": "28 days", "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da3": "reverts", "572fd73e947a6a140053cd32": "procedures", "572fd73e947a6a140053cd33": "MSPs", "572fd73e947a6a140053cd34": "a statement to the chamber setting out the Government's legislative programme", "572fd73e947a6a140053cd35": "issues related to the substance of the statement", "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3a": "Parliamentary time", "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3b": "Thursday", "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3c": "Scottish Government", "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3d": "four general questions", "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3e": "four", "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684f9": "129 MSPs, 73", "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fa": "one", "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fb": "2005", "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fc": "55,000", "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fd": "low population density", "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850b": "proportionally", "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850c": "d'Hondt method", "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850d": "quotient", "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850e": "second seat", "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850f": "list", "572fdb17b2c2fd140056851d": "a number of qualifications", "572fdb17b2c2fd140056851e": "1981", "572fdb17b2c2fd140056851f": "over the age of 18", "572fdb17b2c2fd1400568520": "police and the armed forces", "572fdb17b2c2fd1400568521": "the terms of the Mental Health (Care and Treatment) (Scotland) Act", "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76dd9": "the Scottish Parliament where a party has commanded a parliamentary majority", "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76dda": "Labour", "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76ddb": "151 votes", "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76ddc": "eight", "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76ddd": "Scottish independence", "572fdc34a23a5019007fca93": "the Conservatives", "572fdc34a23a5019007fca94": "Edinburgh Pentlands", "572fdc34a23a5019007fca95": "five seats", "572fdc34a23a5019007fca96": "Annabel Goldie", "572fdc34a23a5019007fca97": "Cameron", "572fdd03a23a5019007fca9d": "procedural", "572fdd03a23a5019007fca9e": "English, Scottish, Welsh and Northern Irish Westminster MPs are unable to vote on the domestic legislation of the Scottish Parliament", "572fdd03a23a5019007fca9f": "West Lothian question", "572fdd03a23a5019007fcaa0": "Conservative", "572fdd03a23a5019007fcaa1": "England", "572ff626947a6a140053ce8e": "Islamism", "572ff626947a6a140053ce8f": "Islamic values", "572ff626947a6a140053ce90": "reordering", "572ff626947a6a140053ce91": "poles", "572ff626947a6a140053ce92": "state power seized by revolution", "572ff760b2c2fd1400568677": "democratic", "572ff760b2c2fd1400568678": "Palestine", "572ff760b2c2fd1400568679": "al-Qaeda and the Egyptian Islamic Jihad", "572ff760b2c2fd140056867a": "democracy", "572ff760b2c2fd140056867b": "religious", "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f65": "guardians of the tradition", "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f66": "Sunni pan-Islamism", "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f67": "sharia", "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f68": "Shia", "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f69": "not be democratic, Islamists need democratic elections to maintain their legitimacy", "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd5": "political", "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd6": "Islam", "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd7": "an error", "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd8": "illiberal Islamic regimes", "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd9": "politics", "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76f9f": "Islamism", "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa0": "Americans to explain the Iranian Islamic Revolution", "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa1": "a historical fluke of the \"short-lived era of the heyday of secular Arab nationalism", "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa2": "1945", "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa3": "non-political Islam, not Islamism", "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee6": "1970s", "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee7": "dangerous enemies", "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee8": "bulwarks", "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee9": "mujahideen Muslim Afghanistan enemies", "572ffbaab2c2fd14005686cd": "\"experience, ideology, and weapons", "572ffc99947a6a140053cef6": "Anwar Sadat", "572ffc99947a6a140053cef7": "peace", "572ffc99947a6a140053cef8": "peace with Israel", "572ffc99947a6a140053cef9": "1975", "572ffc99947a6a140053cefa": "making peace with Israel \u2013 released Islamists from prison and welcomed home exiles in tacit exchange for political support in his struggle against leftists", "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fc7": "Wahhabism", "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fc8": "infidels", "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fc9": "Allah's sake,\" that democracy \"is responsible for all the horrible wars", "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fca": "Wahhabism", "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fcb": "Saudi-interpretation of Islam as the \"gold standard\" of religion in minds", "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686ef": "Islamist", "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f0": "housing", "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f1": "to avoid prohibitively costly dowry demands, legal assistance, sports facilities, and women's groups", "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f2": "incompetent", "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f3": "rhetoric", "572ffee1947a6a140053cf14": "law and philosophy", "572ffee1947a6a140053cf15": "India Muslim League", "572ffee1947a6a140053cf16": "1908", "572ffee1947a6a140053cf17": "Indian nationalist and secularist Indian National Congress", "572ffee1947a6a140053cf18": "Oxford University press", "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686f9": "secularism and secular nationalism", "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fa": "crowd out Muslim heritage, culture and political influence", "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fb": "Egypt, Afghanistan, Palestine and Syria", "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fc": "1930", "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fd": "Pakistan movement", "5730005db2c2fd1400568703": "Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi", "5730005db2c2fd1400568704": "journalism", "5730005db2c2fd1400568705": "1941", "57300137b2c2fd1400568717": "Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi", "57300137b2c2fd1400568718": "journalism", "57300137b2c2fd140056871a": "political organising", "57300137b2c2fd140056871b": "modern context", "57300200b2c2fd1400568729": "Sharia", "57300200b2c2fd140056872a": "an Islamic state", "57300200b2c2fd140056872b": "unity of God", "57300200b2c2fd140056872c": "Iranian Revolution", "57300200b2c2fd140056872d": "Islamic revolution", "5730035e04bcaa1900d77001": "1928", "5730035e04bcaa1900d77002": "Ismailiyah", "5730035e04bcaa1900d77003": "Maududi", "5730035e04bcaa1900d77004": "Qur'an", "5730035e04bcaa1900d77005": "imperialist", "5730040f947a6a140053cf4c": "violence", "5730040f947a6a140053cf4d": "1949", "5730040f947a6a140053cf4e": "Mahmud Fami Naqrashi", "5730040f947a6a140053cf4f": "1948", "5730040f947a6a140053cf50": "Gamal Abdul Nasser", "573004bf947a6a140053cf56": "periodic repression", "573004bf947a6a140053cf57": "semi-legal", "573004bf947a6a140053cf58": "field candidates", "573004bf947a6a140053cf59": "75%", "573004bf947a6a140053cf5a": "Mohamed Morsi", "573005b9947a6a140053cf6a": "quick and decisive", "573005b9947a6a140053cf6b": "Israeli troops", "573005b9947a6a140053cf6c": "economic stagnation in the defeated countries, was blamed on the secular Arab nationalism of the ruling regimes", "573005b9947a6a140053cf6d": "A steep and steady decline", "573005b9947a6a140053cf6e": "Arab socialism, and Arab nationalism suffered, and different democratic and anti-democratic Islamist movements", "5730088e947a6a140053cfac": "Ali Shariati", "5730088e947a6a140053cfad": "ideological", "5730088e947a6a140053cfae": "Sunni Islamic thinkers", "5730088e947a6a140053cfaf": "Ali for restoration of Sharia law", "5730088e947a6a140053cfb0": "conspiracy", "57300e2604bcaa1900d770b7": "Islamic Republic", "57300e2604bcaa1900d770b8": "economic", "57300e2604bcaa1900d770b9": "Shia terrorist", "57300e2604bcaa1900d770ba": "2006", "57300e2604bcaa1900d770bb": "Mahmoud Ahmadinejad", "57300ec0947a6a140053d004": "the Soviet Union", "57300ec0947a6a140053d005": "Islamic rebellion", "57300ec0947a6a140053d006": "to send aid", "57300ec0947a6a140053d007": "marginal", "57300ec0947a6a140053d008": "16,000 to 35,000", "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d1": "radicalize the Islamist movement", "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d2": "Saddam Hussein", "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d3": "Islamist groups that received its aid", "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d4": "Saudi", "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d5": "west", "573010fab2c2fd14005687d7": "conservative Muslims", "573010fab2c2fd14005687d8": "the kingdom", "573010fab2c2fd14005687d9": "domestic Islamists", "573010fab2c2fd14005687da": "Egypt, a bloody civil war in Algeria", "573010fab2c2fd14005687db": "conservative Muslims", "573011de04bcaa1900d770f9": "Qutb", "573011de04bcaa1900d770fa": "1966", "573011de04bcaa1900d770fb": "leadership of the Brotherhood", "573011de04bcaa1900d770fc": "a.k.a. Ma'alim fi-l-Tariq", "573011de04bcaa1900d770fd": "1970s", "5730126ba23a5019007fcd09": "the Egyptian Islamic Jihad organization responsible for the assassination of Anwar Sadat", "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0a": "1981", "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0b": "apostate\" leaders of Muslim states", "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0c": "apostate", "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0d": "Muhammad Abd al-Salaam Farag", "5730131c947a6a140053d052": "Islamic Group", "5730131c947a6a140053d053": "counter-terrorism police", "5730131c947a6a140053d054": "unsuccessful", "5730131c947a6a140053d055": "2003", "5730131c947a6a140053d056": "Takfir", "5730208fa23a5019007fcded": "quiescent", "5730208fa23a5019007fcdee": "HAMAS", "5730208fa23a5019007fcdef": "destruction", "5730208fa23a5019007fcdf0": "Palestine", "5730208fa23a5019007fcdf1": "HAMAS (\"zeal\"), devoted to Jihad against Israel", "573020f7b2c2fd14005688f7": "Hamas", "573020f7b2c2fd14005688f8": "542", "573020f7b2c2fd14005688f9": "it won the majority of the seats", "573020f7b2c2fd14005688fa": "2007", "573020f7b2c2fd14005688fb": "driving Israel out of the Gaza Strip", "57302700a23a5019007fce89": "Islamist", "57302700a23a5019007fce8a": "Hassan al-Turabi", "57302700a23a5019007fce8b": "strongman", "57302700a23a5019007fce8c": "money from foreign Islamist banking systems", "57302700a23a5019007fce8d": "university and military academy", "573027d6a23a5019007fce9d": "1985", "573027d6a23a5019007fce9e": "it was able to overthrow the elected post-al-Nimeiry government", "573027d6a23a5019007fce9f": "a liberal government", "573027d6a23a5019007fcea0": "Osama bin Laden", "573027d6a23a5019007fcea1": "Iraq in the 1991 Gulf War", "5730285a04bcaa1900d7726d": "Front Islamique de Salut (the Islamic Salvation Front", "5730285a04bcaa1900d7726e": "Algeria", "5730285a04bcaa1900d7726f": "1989", "5730285a04bcaa1900d77270": "gender segregation", "5730285a04bcaa1900d77271": "a military coup d'\u00e9tat", "573028fa04bcaa1900d77287": "Afghanistan, the mujahideen's victory against the Soviet Union in the 1980s did not lead to justice and prosperity", "573028fa04bcaa1900d77288": "vicious and destructive", "573028fa04bcaa1900d77289": "vicious and destructive", "573028fa04bcaa1900d7728a": "1992", "573028fa04bcaa1900d7728b": "80%", "57302a3aa23a5019007fcecf": "The Taliban", "57302a3aa23a5019007fced0": "neighboring Pakistan", "57302a3aa23a5019007fced1": "Islamic fundamentalist or neofundamentalist", "57302a3aa23a5019007fced2": "an idealized and systematized version of conservative tribal village customs", "57302a3aa23a5019007fced3": "Wahhabism", "57302ad804bcaa1900d772af": "July 1977", "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b0": "alcohol and nightclubs", "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b1": "Islamism", "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b2": "Persian", "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b3": "1988", "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689db": "Iraq and the Levant\" and before that as the \"Islamic State of Iraq", "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689dc": "a Wahhabi/Salafi jihadist extremist militant group which is led by and mainly composed of Sunni Arabs", "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689dd": "a caliphate", "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689de": "ten million", "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689df": "self-described state, it lacks international recognition", "57302cd004bcaa1900d772d7": "2004", "57302cd004bcaa1900d772d8": "March 2003", "57302cd004bcaa1900d772d9": "March 2011", "57302cd004bcaa1900d772da": "its failure to consult and \"notorious intransigence", "57302cd004bcaa1900d772db": "Indonesia", "57302e45947a6a140053d22e": "the Caliphate", "57302e45947a6a140053d22f": "7th century", "57302e45947a6a140053d230": "1924", "57302e45947a6a140053d231": "true Islamic system", "57302e45947a6a140053d232": "the disbelieving", "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f5": "armed jihad or work for a democratic system", "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f6": "ideological struggle", "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f7": "Muslim", "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f8": "Egypt", "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f9": "terrorist groups", "57302faa04bcaa1900d77311": "900,000", "57302faa04bcaa1900d77312": "Islamist", "57302faa04bcaa1900d77313": "2007", "57302faa04bcaa1900d77314": "free rein", "57302faa04bcaa1900d77315": "incitement to terrorism", "57303048947a6a140053d254": "2001", "57303048947a6a140053d255": "State Department", "57303048947a6a140053d256": "Robert Gates", "57303048947a6a140053d257": "Secretary", "57303048947a6a140053d258": "communist ideology", "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4c6": "imperium", "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4c7": "a policy of extending a country's power and influence through colonization, use of military force", "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4c9": "Japanese", "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4ca": "technologies and ideas", "573062662461fd1900a9cdf7": "influence through diplomacy or military force", "573062662461fd1900a9cdf8": "physical control", "573062662461fd1900a9cdfa": "racial, religious, or cultural stereotypes", "573062662461fd1900a9cdfb": "powerful form of dominance", "57306797396df919000960ee": "technological superiority, enforcing land officials into large debts", "57306797396df919000960ef": "full-fledged colonial rule", "57306797396df919000960f0": "aggressiveness", "57306797396df919000960f1": "less costly than taking over territories", "57306797396df919000960f2": "enforcing land officials into large debts", "573081c2069b531400832133": "conquered and expanded", "573081c2069b531400832134": "Africa", "573081c2069b531400832135": "Lenin", "573081c2069b531400832136": "sovereignty", "573081c2069b531400832137": "Africa", "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce6d": "colonialism", "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce6e": "describe one's superiority, domination and influence upon a person or group of people", "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce6f": "ideological", "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce70": "Robert Young", "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce71": "a person or group of people", "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54c": "Imperialism and colonialism", "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54d": "imperialism is to create an empire, by conquering the other state's lands and therefore increasing its own dominance. Colonialism", "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54e": "conquest cooperating with colonialism", "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54f": "exploitation of the valuable assets and supplies of the nation that was conquered and the conquering nation then gaining the benefits from the spoils of the war", "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c550": "economics", "5730876a396df9190009617a": "defense and justification of empire-building", "5730876a396df9190009617b": "highest 'social efficiency", "5730876a396df9190009617c": "imperialism", "5730876a396df9190009617d": "Darwin", "5730876a396df9190009617e": "whiteness\" is still prized today and various forms of blanqueamiento", "573088da069b53140083216b": "Germany", "573088da069b53140083216c": "Britain", "573088da069b53140083216d": "Political", "573088da069b53140083216e": "Germany", "573088da069b53140083216f": "fund travelers who would come back with tales of their discoveries", "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c576": "Geographical theories such as environmental determinism", "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c577": "tropics", "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c578": "Orientalism", "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c579": "environmental determinism", "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c57a": "superior and the norm", "57308ddc396df919000961a4": "British Empire", "57308ddc396df919000961a5": "Terra nullius", "57308ddc396df919000961a6": "Aboriginal", "57308ddc396df919000961a7": "eighteenth century", "57308ddc396df919000961a8": "empty land", "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c580": "imaginative geography", "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c581": "Orientalism, as theorized by Edward Said, refers to how the West developed an imaginative geography", "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c582": "here\" in the West and \"there\" in the East", "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c583": "economic", "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c584": "progressive West. Defining the East as a negative vision", "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58a": "the role of nineteenth-century maps", "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58b": "\"information to fill in blank spaces on contemporary maps", "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58c": "denote unknown or unexplored territory", "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58d": "role of nineteenth-century maps", "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58e": "Bassett", "573092088ab72b1400f9c594": "Genghis Khan", "573092088ab72b1400f9c595": "pre-Columbian era", "573092088ab72b1400f9c596": "Mutapa Empire", "573092088ab72b1400f9c597": "dozens", "573092088ab72b1400f9c598": "India", "573093598ab72b1400f9c5ae": "Cultural imperialism is when a country's influence is felt in social and cultural circles", "573093598ab72b1400f9c5af": "social and cultural circles", "573093598ab72b1400f9c5b0": "soap opera Dallas", "573093598ab72b1400f9c5b1": "Roman", "573093598ab72b1400f9c5b2": "authoritarian regimes, fighting such influence with bans on foreign popular culture", "57309446396df919000961b8": "around 1700", "57309446396df919000961b9": "Imperialism", "57309446396df919000961ba": "thousands of years", "57309446396df919000961bb": "around 1700", "57309446396df919000961bc": "Open Door Policy", "57309564069b5314008321a5": "1919\u20131980", "57309564069b5314008321a6": "1920\u20131999", "57309564069b5314008321a7": "historians John Gallagher (1919\u20131980) and Ronald Robinson (1920\u20131999) constructed a framework for understanding European imperialism", "57309564069b5314008321a8": "imperial powers", "57309564069b5314008321a9": "John Gallagher (1919\u20131980) and Ronald Robinson", "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d2": "economic growth", "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d3": "economic growth", "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d4": "mid-18th century", "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d5": "political weakness of the Mughal state", "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5dc": "communication", "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5dd": "deadly explosives", "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5de": "machine gun", "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5df": "leather shields", "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5e0": "European chemists", "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e6": "British experience", "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e7": "late 1870s", "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e8": "philanthropy", "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e9": "expand investment, material resources", "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c600": "aristocracy, and imperialism has long been debated among historians and political theorists", "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c601": "1872\u20131967", "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c602": "1950s", "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c603": "social reforms", "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c604": "could cure the international disease", "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60a": "The concept environmental determinism", "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60b": "the environment in which they lived and thus validated their domination", "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60c": "less civilized", "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60d": "colonialism (first in the Americas, second in Asia and lastly in Africa", "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60e": "orientalism", "5730a314069b5314008321eb": "geographic scholars under colonizing empires", "5730a314069b5314008321ec": "Mid-Atlantic", "5730a314069b5314008321ed": "guidance and intervention from the European empire to aid in the governing of a more evolved social structure", "5730a314069b5314008321ee": "orientalism", "5730a314069b5314008321ef": "colonizing empires", "5730a40f396df91900096234": "sixteenth century", "5730a40f396df91900096235": "1599", "5730a40f396df91900096236": "Queen Elizabeth", "5730a40f396df91900096237": "political activity", "5730a40f396df91900096238": "Portuguese", "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf29": "1830", "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2a": "1850", "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2b": "North and West Africa", "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2c": "1850", "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2d": "Catholicism", "5730a951069b531400832213": "civilize the inferior", "5730a951069b531400832214": "Full citizenship rights", "5730a951069b531400832215": "small numbers of settlers", "5730a951069b531400832216": "Christianity and French culture", "5730a951069b531400832217": "Algeria", "5730aa52069b53140083221d": "overseas colonies", "5730aa52069b53140083221e": "anti-colonial movements", "5730aa52069b53140083221f": "Vietnam", "5730aa52069b531400832220": "Algeria", "5730aa52069b531400832221": "1960", "5730ab63396df91900096260": "Scandinavia and northern Europe", "5730ab63396df91900096261": "middle period of classical antiquity", "5730ab63396df91900096262": "1000 CE", "5730ab63396df91900096263": "southern Europe (west of and including Italy", "5730ab63396df91900096264": "Germany", "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf73": "late 19th century", "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf74": "1862", "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf75": "1862", "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf76": "tropics and the diplomatic disputes over colonies would distract Germany from its central interest, Europe", "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf77": "Napoleon", "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c682": "South Pacific", "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c683": "South Pacific", "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c684": "New Guinea", "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c685": "1883\u201384", "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c686": "Hamburg merchants and traders", "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa3": "1894", "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa4": "Japan took part of Sakhalin Island", "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa5": "Manchuria", "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa6": "Philippines", "5730b255396df919000962b0": "China", "5730b255396df919000962b1": "1923", "5730b255396df919000962b2": "Lenin", "5730b255396df919000962b3": "Eastern Europe", "5730b255396df919000962b4": "Bolshevik leaders", "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc5": "world revolution", "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc6": "Lenin", "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc7": "socialism", "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc8": "Nikita Khrushchev", "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc9": "Nikita Khrushchev", "5730b541396df919000962c2": "mercantilism", "5730b541396df919000962c3": "1776", "5730b541396df919000962c4": "1820", "5730b541396df919000962c5": "free trade", "5730b541396df919000962c6": "1815, Britain enjoyed a century", "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfcf": "British Empire", "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfd0": "pseudo-sciences", "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfd1": "Africa and major additions in Asia and the Middle East", "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfd2": "Lord Cromer, Lord Curzon, General Kitchner, Lord Milner, and the writer", "5730b7ce069b5314008322c3": "opposition to Imperialism", "5730b7ce069b5314008322c4": "interventionism", "5730b7ce069b5314008322c5": "Philippines", "5730b7ce069b5314008322c6": "deaths", "5730b7ce069b5314008322c7": "deaths", "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c704": "Bowman", "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c705": "1917", "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c706": "President Wilson", "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c707": "allow for U.S authorship of a 'new world' which was to be characterized by geographical order", "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c708": "geographer", "5730bb522461fd1900a9d011": "internal strife", "5730bb522461fd1900a9d012": "indigenous peoples", "5730bb522461fd1900a9d013": "12 to 15 million", "5730bb522461fd1900a9d015": "indigenous peoples and African-Americans", "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73c": "1299 to 1923", "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73d": "Suleiman the Magnificent", "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73e": "32", "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73f": "Southeast Europe, Western Asia, the Caucasus, North Africa, and the Horn of Africa", "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c740": "16th and 17th centuries", "5730bd00069b5314008322d7": "Istanbul", "5730bd00069b5314008322d9": "Germany", "5730bd00069b5314008322da": "Istanbul", "5730bd00069b5314008322db": "colonial", "5732b6b5328d981900602021": "Warsaw", "5732b6b5328d981900602022": "Vistula River", "5732b6b5328d981900602023": "260 kilometres", "5732b6b5328d981900602024": "2.666 million", "5732b6b5328d981900602025": "9th", "573312fcd058e614000b56e6": "the Economist Intelligence Unit", "573312fcd058e614000b56e7": "2012", "573312fcd058e614000b56e8": "FMCG manufacturing, metal processing, steel and electronic manufacturing and food processing", "573312fcd058e614000b56e9": "Polish media industry. The Warsaw Stock Exchange is one of the largest and most important in Central and Eastern Europe. Frontex, the European Union", "573312fcd058e614000b56ea": "Frankfurt, London, Paris and Barcelona", "5733140a4776f419006606e0": "1313", "5733140a4776f419006606e1": "Krak\u00f3w", "5733140a4776f419006606e2": "1313", "5733140a4776f419006606e3": "King Sigismund III Vasa", "5733140a4776f419006606e4": "a new capital of the independent Republic of Poland. The German invasion in 1939, the massacre", "573314e3d058e614000b56f0": "Roman Catholic archdiocese", "573314e3d058e614000b56f1": "Polish Academy of Sciences", "573314e3d058e614000b56f2": "UNESCO World Heritage Site", "573314e3d058e614000b56f3": "Royal Castle and the iconic King Sigismund's Column", "573314e3d058e614000b56f4": "royal gardens", "57332442d058e614000b5720": "Warszawa", "57332442d058e614000b5721": "belonging to Warsz", "57332442d058e614000b5722": "Mariens", "57332442d058e614000b5723": "Warcis\u0142aw", "57332442d058e614000b5724": "sto", "57332562d058e614000b5730": "Jazd\u00f3w", "57332562d058e614000b5731": "Prince of P\u0142ock", "57332562d058e614000b5732": "about 1300", "57332562d058e614000b5733": "1413", "57332562d058e614000b5734": "1526", "5733266d4776f41900660712": "General Sejm", "5733266d4776f41900660713": "1569", "5733266d4776f41900660714": "religious freedom in the Polish\u2013Lithuanian Commonwealth", "5733266d4776f41900660715": "its central location", "5733266d4776f41900660716": "1596", "57332a734776f41900660726": "1796", "57332a734776f41900660727": "Kingdom of Prussia", "57332a734776f41900660728": "Napoleon's army", "57332a734776f41900660729": "1815", "57332a734776f4190066072a": "1816", "57332b66d058e614000b5758": "4 August 1915", "57332b66d058e614000b5759": "areas controlled by Russia", "57332b66d058e614000b575a": "Pi\u0142sudski", "57332b66d058e614000b575b": "1920", "57332b66d058e614000b575c": "Red Army", "57332c1e4776f4190066073a": "1 September 1939", "57332c1e4776f4190066073b": "a German Nazi colonial administration", "57332c1e4776f4190066073c": "several hundred thousand", "57332c1e4776f4190066073d": "19 April 1943", "57332c1e4776f4190066073e": "19 April 1943, Jewish fighters launched the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising. Despite being heavily outgunned and outnumbered, the Ghetto held out for almost a month", "57332e48d058e614000b5762": "the Red Army", "57332e48d058e614000b5763": "the Germans", "57332e48d058e614000b5764": "1 August 1944", "57332e48d058e614000b5765": "63", "57332e48d058e614000b5766": "150,000", "57332f81d058e614000b5776": "the \"Bricks for Warsaw", "57332f81d058e614000b5777": "housing shortage", "57332f81d058e614000b5778": "Palace of Culture and Science", "57332f81d058e614000b5779": "Palace of Culture and Science", "57332f81d058e614000b577a": "UNESCO's World Heritage", "573330444776f41900660758": "John Paul II", "573330444776f41900660759": "anti-communist fervor", "573330444776f4190066075a": "less than a year", "573330444776f4190066075b": "Victory Square", "573330444776f4190066075c": "the incentive for the democratic changes", "5733314e4776f4190066076a": "300", "5733314e4776f4190066076b": "523 km (325", "5733314e4776f4190066076c": "Vistula River", "5733314e4776f4190066076d": "115.7 metres", "5733314e4776f4190066076e": "e.g. Warsaw Uprising Hill (121 metres (397.0 ft)), Szcz\u0119\u015bliwice", "57335c20d058e614000b58f9": "two", "57335c20d058e614000b58fa": "Vistula Valley", "57335c20d058e614000b58fb": "Vistula River", "57335c20d058e614000b58fc": "moraine plateau", "57335c20d058e614000b58fd": "Escarpment", "57335ddbd058e614000b592f": "plain moraine plateau", "57335ddbd058e614000b5930": "former flooded terraces", "57335ddbd058e614000b5931": "valleys and ground depressions with water systems coming from the Vistula old \u2013 riverbed", "57335ddbd058e614000b5932": "escarpment. Aeolian sand with a number of dunes parted by peat swamps or small ponds cover the highest terrace", "57335ddbd058e614000b5933": "pine", "57335fcad058e614000b5970": "turbulent history of the city and country", "57335fcad058e614000b5971": "Second World War", "57335fcad058e614000b5972": "After liberation", "57335fcad058e614000b5973": "Leopold Kronenberg Palace", "57335fcad058e614000b5974": "basic design typical of Eastern bloc", "573361404776f4190066093c": "Gothic architecture", "573361404776f4190066093d": "14th century", "573361404776f4190066093e": "Masovian gothic style", "573361404776f4190066093f": "Renaissance architecture", "573361404776f41900660940": "Curia Maior", "573362b94776f41900660974": "the 17th century", "573362b94776f41900660975": "1688\u20131692", "573362b94776f41900660976": "rococo", "573362b94776f41900660977": "The neoclassical architecture", "573362b94776f41900660978": "1775\u20131795", "5733638fd058e614000b59e8": "bourgeois architecture of the later periods were not restored by the communist authorities after the war (like mentioned Kronenberg Palace and Insurance Company Rosja building", "5733638fd058e614000b59e9": "were not restored by the communist authorities", "5733638fd058e614000b59ea": "socialist realism", "5733638fd058e614000b59eb": "Warsaw University of Technology building", "5733638fd058e614000b59ec": "rebuild the Saxon Palace and the Br\u00fchl Palace, the most distinctive buildings", "5733647e4776f419006609ae": "Pawiak", "5733647e4776f419006609af": "Pawiak", "5733647e4776f419006609b0": "Warsaw Citadel", "5733647e4776f419006609b1": "the children", "5733647e4776f419006609b2": "Ku\u0107ma", "57336755d058e614000b5a3c": "Saxon Garden", "57336755d058e614000b5a3d": "over 100", "57336755d058e614000b5a3e": "east end", "57336755d058e614000b5a3f": "Krasi\u0144ski Palace Garden", "57336755d058e614000b5a40": "Saxon Garden", "573368044776f41900660a29": "green", "573368044776f41900660a2a": "New Orangery", "573368044776f41900660a2b": "Pole Mokotowskie (a big park in the northern Mokot\u00f3w", "573368044776f41900660a2c": "Park Ujazdowski", "573368044776f41900660a2d": "1865", "573368e54776f41900660a53": "the location of Warsaw within the border region of several big floral regions", "573368e54776f41900660a54": "Masovian Primeval Forest", "573368e54776f41900660a55": "Masovian Primeval Forest", "573368e54776f41900660a56": "Bielany Forest", "573368e54776f41900660a57": "two", "57337ddc4776f41900660bba": "13", "57337ddc4776f41900660bbb": "15 kilometres", "57337ddc4776f41900660bbc": "the otter, beaver and hundreds of bird species", "57337ddc4776f41900660bbd": "several", "57337ddc4776f41900660bbe": "clean them of plants", "57337ea24776f41900660bd0": "Jewish minority", "57337ea24776f41900660bd1": "Jewish", "57337ea24776f41900660bd2": "34%", "57337ea24776f41900660bd3": "1,178,914", "57337ea24776f41900660bd4": "urbanisation", "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcb": "c. 1,300,000", "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcc": "420,000", "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcd": "1951", "57337f6ad058e614000b5bce": "no limitations", "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcf": "residency registration", "57338007d058e614000b5bda": "multi-cultural city", "57338007d058e614000b5bdb": "711,988", "57338007d058e614000b5bdc": "56.2%", "57338007d058e614000b5bdd": "2.8%", "57338007d058e614000b5bde": "1944", "573380e0d058e614000b5be9": "a commune", "573380e0d058e614000b5bea": "powiats", "573380e0d058e614000b5beb": "Krak\u00f3w do not have entitlements of powiat", "57338160d058e614000b5bf9": "Warsaw City Council (Rada Miasta", "57338160d058e614000b5bfa": "60", "57338160d058e614000b5bfb": "60 members. Council members are elected directly every four years", "57338160d058e614000b5bfc": "committees which have the oversight of various functions of the city government", "57338160d058e614000b5bfd": "30 days", "57338255d058e614000b5c0d": "President", "57338255d058e614000b5c0e": "Jan Andrzej Menich", "57338255d058e614000b5c0f": "1695\u20131696", "57338255d058e614000b5c10": "the City council", "57338255d058e614000b5c11": "mayor of the district Centrum", "573382d24776f41900660c37": "\u015ar\u00f3dmie\u015bcie", "573382d24776f41900660c38": "304,016", "573382d24776f41900660c39": "MasterCard Emerging Market Index", "573382d24776f41900660c3a": "12%", "573382d24776f41900660c3b": "23 800, USD 33 000). Total nominal GDP of the city in 2010 amounted to 191.766 billion", "5733834ed058e614000b5c26": "1817", "5733834ed058e614000b5c27": "WSE", "5733834ed058e614000b5c28": "1817", "5733834ed058e614000b5c29": "374", "5733834ed058e614000b5c2a": "United Workers' Party (PZ", "573383d0d058e614000b5c35": "1951", "573383d0d058e614000b5c36": "Colombia", "573383d0d058e614000b5c37": "Daewoo", "573383d0d058e614000b5c38": "AvtoZAZ", "573383d0d058e614000b5c39": "Chevrolet Aveo. The license", "57339555d058e614000b5df3": "1816", "57339555d058e614000b5df4": "Warsaw University of Technology", "57339555d058e614000b5df5": "2,000", "57339555d058e614000b5df6": "Medical University of Warsaw", "57339555d058e614000b5df7": "Fryderyk Chopin University of Music", "57339902d058e614000b5e70": "1816", "57339902d058e614000b5e71": "two million", "57339902d058e614000b5e72": "University Library", "57339902d058e614000b5e73": "Marek Budzy\u0144ski and Zbigniew Badowski", "57339902d058e614000b5e74": "5,111 m2 (55,014.35 sq ft)", "573399b54776f41900660e64": "infrastructure", "573399b54776f41900660e65": "Poland", "573399b54776f41900660e66": "solid economic growth", "573399b54776f41900660e67": "health care", "57339a554776f41900660e74": "Warsaw", "57339a554776f41900660e75": "Children's Memorial Health Institute", "57339a554776f41900660e76": "Maria Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Institute of Oncology", "57339a554776f41900660e77": "700", "57339a554776f41900660e78": "clinic", "57339ad74776f41900660e86": "musical", "57339ad74776f41900660e87": "events and festivals", "57339ad74776f41900660e88": "Palace of Culture and Science", "57339ad74776f41900660e89": "Warsaw Summer Jazz Days", "57339ad74776f41900660e8a": "Jazz Jamboree", "57339c16d058e614000b5ec5": "Ogr\u00f3d Saski", "57339c16d058e614000b5ec6": "Ogr\u00f3d Saski", "57339c16d058e614000b5ec7": "1870 to 1939", "57339c16d058e614000b5ec8": "Momus", "57339c16d058e614000b5ec9": "The Wojciech Bogus\u0142awski Theatre", "57339dd94776f41900660ecc": "Wianki", "57339dd94776f41900660ecd": "thousands", "57339dd94776f41900660ece": "Midsummer\u2019s Night", "57339dd94776f41900660ecf": "herbs on the water to predict when they would be married", "57339dd94776f41900660ed0": "fern", "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef6": "Museum of Hunting and Riding and the Railway Museum", "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef7": "60", "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef8": "a collection of works whose origin ranges in time from antiquity", "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef9": "paintings", "57339eb9d058e614000b5efa": "arms", "5733a1854776f41900660f0a": "Warsaw Uprising Museum", "5733a1854776f41900660f0b": "Katy\u0144 Museum", "5733a1854776f41900660f0c": "stereoscopic theatre", "5733a1854776f41900660f0d": "Museum of Independence", "5733a1854776f41900660f0e": "60", "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f28": "Royal Ujazd\u00f3w Castle", "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f29": "500", "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f2a": "Zach\u0119ta National Gallery of Art", "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f2b": "modern art", "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f2c": "last weekend of September", "5733a32bd058e614000b5f32": "Polonia Warsaw", "5733a32bd058e614000b5f33": "1946", "5733a32bd058e614000b5f34": "twice", "5733a32bd058e614000b5f35": "Konwiktorska Street", "5733a32bd058e614000b5f36": "disastrous financial situation", "5733a45d4776f41900660f23": "syrenka", "5733a45d4776f41900660f24": "The mermaid", "5733a45d4776f41900660f25": "mid-14th century", "5733a45d4776f41900660f26": "1390", "5733a45d4776f41900660f27": "Zy", "5733a560d058e614000b5f77": "The best-known legend", "5733a560d058e614000b5f78": "the depths of the oceans and seas", "5733a560d058e614000b5f79": "the coast of Denmark", "5733a560d058e614000b5f7a": "Warszowa", "5733a560d058e614000b5f7b": "beautiful voice. A greedy merchant also heard her songs", "5733a5f54776f41900660f44": "Maria Sk\u0142odowska-Curie", "5733a5f54776f41900660f45": "Nobel Prize", "5733a5f54776f41900660f46": "W\u0142adys\u0142aw Szpilman", "5733a5f54776f41900660f47": "seven months", "5733a5f54776f41900660f48": "1745", "5733a6ac4776f41900660f58": "Warsaw", "5733a6ac4776f41900660f59": "1916", "5733a6ac4776f41900660f5a": "Art Deco style in painting and art", "5733a6ac4776f41900660f5b": "Israeli poet", "5733a6ac4776f41900660f5c": "Isaac Bashevis Singer", "5733cf61d058e614000b62e9": "1754\u20131763", "5733cf61d058e614000b62ea": "the colonies of British America and New France", "5733cf61d058e614000b62eb": "60,000 European settlers, compared with 2 million", "5733cf61d058e614000b62ec": "2 million", "5733cff84776f419006612b4": "along the frontiers between New France and the British colonies", "5733cff84776f419006612b5": "a dispute over control of the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers", "5733cff84776f419006612b6": "May 1754", "5733d13e4776f419006612c4": "1755", "5733d13e4776f419006612c5": "None succeeded and the main effort by Braddock was a disaster", "5733d13e4776f419006612c6": "a combination of poor management, internal divisions", "5733d13e4776f419006612c7": "Fort Beaus\u00e9jour", "5733d13e4776f419006612c8": "four-way attack", "5733d249d058e614000b6331": "William Pitt", "5733d249d058e614000b6332": "increased British military resources", "5733d249d058e614000b6333": "Prussia", "5733d249d058e614000b6334": "Sainte Foy in Quebec", "5733d2dbd058e614000b6339": "France", "5733d2dbd058e614000b633a": "Britain of Florida", "5733d2dbd058e614000b633b": "The outcome was one of the most significant developments in a century of Anglo-French conflict", "5733d3cb4776f419006612ea": "1740s", "5733d3cb4776f419006612eb": "fought on both sides of the conflict, and that this was part of the Seven Years", "5733d3cb4776f419006612ec": "Seven Years' War", "5733d3cb4776f419006612ed": "Intercolonia", "5733d4c8d058e614000b6353": "1756", "5733d4c8d058e614000b6354": "six years", "5733d4c8d058e614000b6355": "1760", "5733d4c8d058e614000b6356": "Battle of Jumonville Glen", "5733d5704776f4190066130e": "75,000", "5733d5704776f4190066130f": "St. Lawrence River valley", "5733d5704776f41900661310": "throughout the St. Lawrence and Mississippi watersheds", "5733d68ed058e614000b637f": "20 to 1", "5733d68ed058e614000b6380": "Nova Scotia and Newfoundland in the north, to Georgia", "5733d68ed058e614000b6381": "along the coast", "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ab": "native tribes", "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ac": "Abenaki", "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ad": "Upstate New York and the Ohio Country", "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ae": "Iroquois rule", "5733da01d058e614000b63f9": "Catawba, Muskogee-speaking Creek and Choctaw, and the Iroquoian-speaking Cherokee tribes", "5733da01d058e614000b63fa": "Great Lakes region", "5733da01d058e614000b63fb": "Iroquois Six Nations", "5733dab4d058e614000b6409": "no French regular army troops", "5733dab4d058e614000b640a": "no French regular army troops were stationed in North America, and few", "5733dab4d058e614000b640b": "no French regular army troops were stationed in North America, and few British troops", "5733db8dd058e614000b6428": "about 200 Troupes de la marine and 30 Indians", "5733db8dd058e614000b6429": "about 200 Troupes de la marine and 30 Indians", "5733db8dd058e614000b642a": "buried lead plates", "5733dc95d058e614000b644a": "they owned the Ohio Country", "5733dc95d058e614000b644b": "Miami", "5733dc95d058e614000b644c": "severe consequences if he continued to trade with the British. \"Old Briton\" ignored the warning. Disappointed", "5733dc95d058e614000b644d": "threatened \"Old Briton\" with severe consequences if he continued to trade with the British", "5733dd4f4776f419006613aa": "very badly disposed towards the French, and are entirely devoted to the English", "5733dd4f4776f419006613ab": "brisk trade in European colonial captives", "5733dd4f4776f419006613ac": "stating that British colonists would not be safe as long as the French were present. Conflicts", "5733e5a14776f4190066145b": "1749", "5733e5a14776f4190066145c": "Ohio Company of Virginia", "5733e5a14776f4190066145d": "Christopher Gist", "5733e5a14776f4190066145e": "Treaty of Logstown", "5733e5a14776f4190066145f": "Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania). By the late 17th century, the Iroquois had pushed many tribes out of the Ohio Valley", "5733e771d058e614000b6545": "King George's War", "5733e771d058e614000b6546": "Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle", "5733e771d058e614000b6547": "resolving issues in Europe", "5733e771d058e614000b6548": "The issues of conflicting territorial claims between British and French colonies in North America", "5733e8ae4776f419006614a6": "Marquis de la Jonqui\u00e8re", "5733e8ae4776f419006614a7": "300", "5733e8ae4776f419006614a8": "300", "5733e8ae4776f419006614a9": "killing 14 people of the Miami nation, including Old Briton. He was reportedly ritually cannibalized", "5733ea04d058e614000b6594": "Paul Marin de la Malgue", "5733ea04d058e614000b6595": "Presque Isle", "5733ea04d058e614000b6596": "LeBoeuf Creek", "5733ea04d058e614000b6597": "protect the King's land in the Ohio Valley from the British", "5733ea04d058e614000b6598": "Fort Le Boeuf", "5733eb34d058e614000b65cc": "Warraghiggey", "5733eb34d058e614000b65cd": "Warraghiggey", "5733eb34d058e614000b65ce": "Warraghiggey", "5733eb34d058e614000b65cf": "Hendrick", "5733ef47d058e614000b662b": "Ohio Company", "5733ef47d058e614000b662c": "George Washington", "5733ef47d058e614000b662d": "Jacob Van Braam", "5733ef47d058e614000b662e": "December 12", "5733f062d058e614000b6633": "Jacques Legardeur de Saint-Pierre", "5733f062d058e614000b6634": "Dinwiddie demanding an immediate French withdrawal from the Ohio Country", "5733f062d058e614000b6635": "As to the Summons you send me to retire, I do not think myself obliged to obey it", "5733f062d058e614000b6636": "superior to that of the British, since Ren\u00e9-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle had explored the Ohio Country nearly a century", "5733f1784776f41900661575": "40", "5733f1784776f41900661576": "1754", "5733f1784776f41900661577": "stockaded fort", "5733f309d058e614000b6648": "Battle of Jumonville Glen", "5733f309d058e614000b6649": "Battle of Jumonville Glen. They killed many of the Canadians", "5733f309d058e614000b664a": "trading relationships", "5733f410d058e614000b6663": "Major General Edward Braddock to lead the expedition. Word of the British military plans leaked to France well before Braddock's departure for North America", "5733f410d058e614000b6664": "February 1755", "5733f410d058e614000b6665": "six regiments", "5733f410d058e614000b6666": "blockade French ports", "5733f5264776f419006615a3": "Albany Congress", "5733f5264776f419006615a4": "formalize a unified front in trade and negotiations with various Indians", "5733f5264776f419006615a5": "a unified front in trade and negotiations with various Indians", "5733f5264776f419006615a6": "opening of hostilities was the convening of the Albany Congress", "5733f5f24776f419006615c1": "Braddock", "5733f5f24776f419006615c2": "1,500 army troops and provincial militia on an expedition in June 1755 to take Fort Duquesne. The expedition was a disaster", "5733f5f24776f419006615c3": "1,000", "5733f5f24776f419006615c4": "American Revolutionary War, Washington and Thomas Gage", "5733f7b9d058e614000b66a9": "Shirley and Johnson", "5733f7b9d058e614000b66aa": "logistical difficulties", "5733f7b9d058e614000b66ab": "Fort Niagara", "5733f7b9d058e614000b66ac": "garrisons", "5733f8dc4776f419006615f7": "Marquis de Vaudreuil", "5733f8dc4776f419006615f8": "sent Dieskau to Fort St. Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric to meet that threat", "5733f8dc4776f419006615f9": "William Henry, and the French withdrew to Ticonderoga Point, where they began the construction of Fort Carillon", "5733f8dc4776f419006615fa": "Fort William Henry. The battle ended inconclusively, with both sides withdrawing from the field", "5733f8dc4776f419006615fb": "Fort William Henry, and the French withdrew to Ticonderoga Point, where they began the construction of Fort Carillon", "5733f9fa4776f4190066161f": "Colonel Monckton", "5733f9fa4776f41900661620": "vital", "5733f9fa4776f41900661621": "Bloody Creek", "5733faaf4776f4190066162f": "William Shirley", "5733faaf4776f41900661630": "Albany", "5733faaf4776f41900661631": "Fort Frontenac", "5733faaf4776f41900661632": "Albany", "5733fb7bd058e614000b66ff": "General James Abercrombie", "5733fb7bd058e614000b6700": "General Louis-Joseph de Montcalm", "5733fb7bd058e614000b6701": "May 18, 1756", "5733fc6ed058e614000b670f": "Scouts", "5733fc6ed058e614000b6710": "British supply chain", "5733fc6ed058e614000b6711": "45,000 pounds", "5733fc6ed058e614000b6712": "campaigns on Lake Ontario", "5733fd66d058e614000b6735": "Abercrombie", "5733fd66d058e614000b6736": "Ticonderoga", "5733fd66d058e614000b6737": "Albany", "5733fd66d058e614000b6738": "personal effects", "5733fe73d058e614000b673d": "an attack on New France's capital, Quebec", "5733fe73d058e614000b673e": "massacre", "5733fe73d058e614000b673f": "William Pitt", "5733fe73d058e614000b6740": "massacre", "5733ffa7d058e614000b674f": "French irregular forces (Canadian scouts and Indians) harassed Fort William Henry throughout the first half of 1757. In January they ambushed British rangers", "5733ffa7d058e614000b6750": "frozen Lake George", "5733ffa7d058e614000b6751": "parole", "57340111d058e614000b677d": "poor harvest", "57340111d058e614000b677e": "poor harvest", "57340111d058e614000b677f": "Quebec", "5734025d4776f419006616c3": "Duke of Cumberland", "5734025d4776f419006616c4": "Pitt", "5734025d4776f419006616c5": "major offensive actions", "5734025d4776f419006616c6": "Two", "573403394776f419006616dd": "3,600", "573403394776f419006616de": "3,600", "573403394776f419006616df": "3,600 Frenchmen famously and decisively defeated Abercrombie's force of 18,000 regulars, militia and Native American allies", "573403394776f419006616e0": "destroyed Fort Frontenac, including caches of supplies destined for New France's western forts and furs destined for Europe", "57340549d058e614000b67dd": "invasion of Britain", "57340549d058e614000b67de": "to draw British resources away from North America and the European mainland. The invasion failed both militarily and politically", "57340549d058e614000b67df": "Lagos and Quiberon Bay", "573406d1d058e614000b6801": "James Wolfe", "573406d1d058e614000b6802": "cut off the French frontier forts further to the west and south", "573406d1d058e614000b6803": "Battle of Sainte-Foy", "573406d1d058e614000b6804": "naval Battle of the Restigouche", "573407d7d058e614000b6813": "Governor Vaudreuil", "573407d7d058e614000b6814": "medical treatment", "573407d7d058e614000b6815": "General Amherst", "573408ef4776f41900661757": "10 February 1763", "573408ef4776f41900661758": "15 February 1763", "573408ef4776f41900661759": "cede the former", "573408ef4776f4190066175a": "cede the former", "57340a094776f4190066177d": "80,000", "57340a094776f4190066177e": "1755", "57340a094776f4190066177f": "North American provinces", "57340a094776f41900661780": "New Orleans", "57340b1bd058e614000b6869": "King George III", "57340b1bd058e614000b686a": "division and administration of the newly conquered territory", "57340b1bd058e614000b686b": "west of the Appalachian Mountains", "57340d124776f419006617bf": "disappearance of a strong ally and counterweight to British expansion", "57340d124776f419006617c0": "legal and illegal settlement", "57340d124776f419006617c1": "1769", "57340d124776f419006617c2": "Spanish Florida resulted in the westward migration of tribes", "57340d124776f419006617c3": "Louisiana territory", "573735e8c3c5551400e51e71": "force", "573735e8c3c5551400e51e72": "A fundamental error was the belief that a force is required to maintain motion, even at a constant velocity", "573735e8c3c5551400e51e73": "Galileo Galilei and Sir Isaac Newton", "573735e8c3c5551400e51e74": "three hundred years", "573735e8c3c5551400e51e75": "Sir Isaac Newton formulated laws of motion that were not improved-on for nearly three hundred years. By the early 20th century, Einstein", "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7b": "a Standard Model", "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7c": "gauge bosons", "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7d": "electromagnetic, weak, and gravitational", "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7e": "electromagnetic, weak, and gravitational", "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7f": "a more fundamental electroweak interaction", "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e85": "Aristotle", "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e86": "Aristotelian cosmology", "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e87": "four", "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e88": "on the ground", "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e89": "unnatural", "57373f80c3c5551400e51e8f": "17th century", "57373f80c3c5551400e51e90": "Galileo Galilei", "57373f80c3c5551400e51e91": "innate force of impetus", "57373f80c3c5551400e51e92": "Galileo", "57373f80c3c5551400e51e93": "friction", "5737432bc3c5551400e51e99": "Newton", "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9a": "a lack of net force", "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9b": "Aristotelian", "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9c": "Newton", "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9d": "zero constant velocity, Newton's First Law directly connects inertia", "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea3": "laws of physics", "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea4": "parabolic path", "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea5": "constant velocity", "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea6": "physically indistinguishable. Inertia", "573749741c4567190057445d": "inertia", "573749741c4567190057445e": "a year", "573749741c4567190057445f": "Albert Einstein", "573749741c45671900574460": "weightlessness", "573749741c45671900574461": "Newton's Laws of Motion are more easily discernible", "573750f51c45671900574467": "inverse", "573750f61c45671900574468": "kinematic", "573750f61c45671900574469": "General relativity", "573750f61c4567190057446a": "coherent", "573750f61c4567190057446b": "quantitative definition of mass by writing the law as an equality", "5737534ec3c5551400e51eab": "Third Law is a result of applying symmetry to situations", "5737534ec3c5551400e51eac": "third law", "5737534ec3c5551400e51ead": "unidirectional force", "5737534ec3c5551400e51eae": "F and \u2212F are equal in magnitude", "573755afc3c5551400e51eb3": "the center of mass", "573755afc3c5551400e51eb4": "internal forces", "573755afc3c5551400e51eb5": "mass of the system", "573766251c45671900574471": "intuitive understanding", "573766251c45671900574472": "precise operational definitions", "573766251c45671900574473": "Newtonian mechanics", "573766251c45671900574474": "fully consistent", "57376828c3c5551400e51eb9": "vector quantities", "57376828c3c5551400e51eba": "scalar", "57376828c3c5551400e51ebb": "it is necessary to know both the magnitude and the direction of both forces to calculate the result", "57376828c3c5551400e51ebc": "ambiguous", "57376828c3c5551400e51ebd": "one from the other. Associating forces with vectors avoids such problems", "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec3": "static equilibrium", "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec4": "magnitude and direction", "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec5": "net force", "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec6": "action", "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec7": "parallelogram rule of vector addition", "57376c50c3c5551400e51ecd": "independent components", "57376c50c3c5551400e51ece": "two forces, one pointing north, and one pointing east", "57376c50c3c5551400e51ecf": "original force", "57376c50c3c5551400e51ed0": "orthogonal components", "57376c50c3c5551400e51ed1": "independent of each other because forces acting at ninety degrees to each other have no effect", "57376df3c3c5551400e51ed7": "static friction", "57376df3c3c5551400e51ed8": "static friction", "57376df3c3c5551400e51ed9": "no acceleration", "57376df3c3c5551400e51eda": "an upper limit", "57377083c3c5551400e51edf": "simple devices", "57377083c3c5551400e51ee0": "spring reaction force", "57377083c3c5551400e51ee1": "weight", "57377083c3c5551400e51ee2": "force of gravity", "57377083c3c5551400e51ee3": "Isaac Newton", "573776eec3c5551400e51ee9": "Galileo", "573776eec3c5551400e51eea": "rest", "573776eec3c5551400e51eeb": "Aristotle", "573776eec3c5551400e51eec": "cannon", "573776eec3c5551400e51eed": "cannon", "57377862c3c5551400e51ef3": "dynamic equilibrium", "57377862c3c5551400e51ef4": "kinetic friction force", "57377862c3c5551400e51ef5": "kinetic friction", "57377862c3c5551400e51ef6": "Aristotle", "57377aac1c45671900574479": "Schr\u00f6dinger equation", "57377aac1c4567190057447a": "Newtonian equations", "57377aac1c4567190057447b": "the potentials V(x,y,z) or fields, from which the forces generally can be derived, are treated similar to classical position variables", "57377aac1c4567190057447c": "quantized", "57377aac1c4567190057447d": "force", "57377c98c3c5551400e51efb": "the \"spin", "57377c98c3c5551400e51efc": "Pauli", "57377c98c3c5551400e51efd": "spin", "57377c98c3c5551400e51efe": "negative correlation between spatial and spin variables, whereas for two bosons (e.g. quanta of electromagnetic waves", "57377c98c3c5551400e51eff": "negative correlation between spatial and spin variables, whereas for two bosons (e.g. quanta of electromagnetic waves", "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f05": "mathematical", "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f06": "homogeneity or symmetry of space", "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f07": "The conservation of momentum", "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f08": "Feynman diagrams", "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f09": "virtual particle B, a momentum conservation results in recoil of particle A making impression of repulsion", "5737804dc3c5551400e51f0f": "four", "5737804dc3c5551400e51f10": "strong and weak forces", "5737804dc3c5551400e51f11": "electromagnetic force", "5737804dc3c5551400e51f12": "masses", "5737804dc3c5551400e51f13": "Pauli exclusion principle", "5737821cc3c5551400e51f19": "Isaac Newton", "5737821cc3c5551400e51f1a": "20th", "5737821cc3c5551400e51f1b": "electromagnetism", "5737821cc3c5551400e51f1c": "electromagnetic forces in electroweak theory subsequently confirmed by observation. The complete formulation of the standard model predicts an as yet unobserved Higgs", "573784fa1c45671900574483": "Isaac Newton", "573784fa1c45671900574484": "Galileo", "573784fa1c45671900574485": "constant and independent of the mass of the object", "573784fa1c45671900574486": "sea level and may vary depending on location), and points toward the center", "573784fa1c45671900574487": "gravity", "573786b51c4567190057448d": "different ways at larger distances", "573786b51c4567190057448e": "acceleration of the Moon", "573786b51c4567190057448f": "mass of the attracting body", "573786b51c45671900574490": "radius", "57378862c3c5551400e51f21": "a dimensional constant", "57378862c3c5551400e51f22": "Henry Cavendish", "57378862c3c5551400e51f23": "1798", "57378862c3c5551400e51f24": "Newton", "5737898f1c45671900574495": "Gravitation", "5737898f1c45671900574496": "Vulcan", "5737898f1c45671900574497": "general relativity", "5737898f1c45671900574498": "Albert Einstein", "5737898f1c45671900574499": "Albert Einstein", "57378b141c4567190057449f": "general relativity", "57378b141c456719005744a0": "straight line path in space-time", "57378b141c456719005744a1": "parabola", "57378b141c456719005744a2": "the force", "57378c9b1c456719005744a7": "Lorentz's Law", "57378c9b1c456719005744a8": "electric current", "57378c9b1c456719005744a9": "electrostatic force", "57378c9b1c456719005744aa": "electric field", "57378e311c456719005744af": "James Clerk Maxwell", "57378e311c456719005744b0": "1864", "57378e311c456719005744b1": "20", "57378e311c456719005744b2": "4", "57378e311c456719005744b3": "Maxwell", "573792ee1c456719005744b9": "electromagnetic theory", "573792ee1c456719005744ba": "the photoelectric effect, and the nonexistence of the ultraviolet catastrophe", "573792ee1c456719005744bb": "quantum electrodynamics", "573792ee1c456719005744bc": "photons", "573792ee1c456719005744bd": "quantum electrodynamics", "5737958b1c456719005744c3": "charges under the influence of the electromagnetic force", "5737958b1c456719005744c4": "the Pauli exclusion principle", "5737958b1c456719005744c5": "energy", "5737958b1c456719005744c6": "a structural force", "573796edc3c5551400e51f33": "elementary particles", "573796edc3c5551400e51f34": "a residual of the force is observed between hadrons (the best known example being the force that acts between nucleons in atomic nuclei", "573796edc3c5551400e51f35": "hadrons", "573796edc3c5551400e51f36": "gluons", "573796edc3c5551400e51f37": "color confinement", "57379829c3c5551400e51f3d": "The weak force", "57379829c3c5551400e51f3e": "beta decay", "57379829c3c5551400e51f3f": "neutrons in atomic nuclei", "57379829c3c5551400e51f40": "1013", "57379829c3c5551400e51f41": "excess of approximately 1015 kelvins", "57379a4b1c456719005744cd": "The normal force", "57379a4b1c456719005744ce": "Pauli repulsion", "57379a4b1c456719005744cf": "fermionic nature of electrons", "57379a4b1c456719005744d0": "repulsive forces of interaction between atoms at close contact", "57379ed81c456719005744d5": "ideal strings", "57379ed81c456719005744d6": "ideal pulleys", "57379ed81c456719005744d7": "action-reaction pairs", "57379ed81c456719005744d8": "ideal pulleys", "57379ed81c456719005744d9": "mechanical energy", "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f47": "idealized point particles rather than three-dimensional objects", "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f48": "how forces affect idealized point particles rather than three-dimensional objects", "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f49": "extended fluids", "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f4a": "extended structure and forces", "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f4b": "extended structure and forces", "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f51": "deformations", "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f52": "stress-tensor", "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f53": "pressure terms associated with forces that act normal to the cross-sectional area", "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f54": "forces that act normal to the cross-sectional area", "5737a4511c456719005744df": "rotation", "5737a4511c456719005744e0": "ensures that all bodies maintain their angular momentum unless acted upon by an unbalanced torque", "5737a4511c456719005744e1": "Second Law of Motion", "5737a5931c456719005744e7": "down", "5737a5931c456719005744e8": "perpendicular", "5737a5931c456719005744e9": "radial (centripetal) force", "5737a5931c456719005744ea": "speeding", "5737a5931c456719005744eb": "radial (centripetal) force, which changes", "5737a7351c456719005744f1": "kinetic", "5737a7351c456719005744f2": "potential", "5737a7351c456719005744f3": "net mechanical energy", "5737a7351c456719005744f4": "potential energy", "5737a7351c456719005744f5": "energy", "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f59": "gradient of potentials", "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f5a": "gradient of potentials", "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f5b": "friction is caused by the gradients of numerous electrostatic potentials between the atoms", "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f5c": "Nonconservative forces other than friction include other contact forces", "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f61": "statistical mechanics", "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f62": "internal energies", "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f63": "transfer", "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f64": "transfer of heat. According to the Second law", "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f65": "entropy increases", "5737aafd1c456719005744fb": "pound-force has a metric counterpart, less commonly used than the newton: the kilogram-force", "5737aafd1c456719005744fc": "kilopond", "5737aafd1c456719005744fd": "the metric slug", "5737aafd1c456719005744fe": "the metric slug", "5737aafd1c456719005744ff": "mass: the metric slug" }